The article focuses on the management of accounts receivable in the enterprise accounting, first makes a simple understanding of the accounts receivable, and then analyses the causes of the accounts receivable problems, the impact on the enterprises, and put forward the improvement of accounts receivable Management of the measures. The formation of accounts receivable is an inevitable phenomenon of the market economy. It is also an important part of the enterprise's current assets. Its quality status is related to the quality of the whole assets and accounting information.
The correct credit and the management of accounts receivable are Enterprises to reduce the accounts receivable an effective way, only to reduce the relevant costs and improve efficiency, in order to maximise the value of enterprises.
1. 1 Research background
With the international and domestic market competition more and more intense, the buyer's market gradually formed, credit sales become one of the main means of business sales. According to the survey, because China's enterprises have not yet established a complete credit management system, enterprises use credit after the bad debts are very serious, the long delay in accounts. Han Jiaping, director of credit management at the Ministry of Commerce, said at the second session of the China International Credit and Risk Management Conference that the lack of credit capacity, resulting in the loss of many business opportunities, the competitiveness of enterprises and the size of the transaction has been seriously affected. According to projections, the same size of the European and American enterprises, their sales will be 4.5 times the size of China's enterprises. At the same time, many companies because of fear of bad debt to bring the risks and delays in a long time, but do not want to credit, resulting in weakening the competitiveness of the enterprise market.
This reflects in a way that Chinese enterprises have not paid attention to the management of accounts receivable. It can be seen that the majority of accounts receivable are caused by poor management. Therefore, how to manage the accounts receivable of enterprises, not only become the company to strengthen the core issue of accounts receivable management, has become an important topic of enterprise management.
40 1.2 Research Status and Development Trends
In some countries where the market economy is relatively developed, a relatively complete system has been formed. Financial institutions, debt management companies and other intermediaries will conduct a further investigation of corporate credit, the credit quality of accounts receivable by grade to divide. The overall economic environment is a factor that can be controlled. The variables of the credit policy include 1, the quality of the trading account 2, the length of the loan period 3, the cash discount 4, the seasonal delay payment 5, the collection procedures.
Enterprises by changing these variables will inevitably affect the additional sales of profits and accounts receivable increase in the opportunity cost. The management of accounts receivable is actually translated to assess the benefits required for additional profitable and receivables to increase the investment, and the benefits arising from accounts receivable are maximized when both are equal The Because the enterprise has accounts receivable, reduce the enterprise in a certain period of cash flow, and accounts receivable is a certain credit asset, so you can through credit assessment, and financial institutions or non-financial institutions to enter into an agreement to Accounts receivable as a financial product transactions, will be able to achieve the purpose of investment in economic activities.
1.3 Research significance
The first to remind enterprises of the customer's credit survey, is the customer's quality, ability to pay and financial status and other credit to investigate and evaluate, to determine the customer's integrity and his ability to pay, can’t be sold on credit and credit sales amount the size of. Customers have the appropriate conditions, to credit to him, and set a good date of repayment, the only way to reduce the loss of corporate bad debts. The second to remind enterprises to establish a clear, mutual containment, responsibility and responsibility of the accounts receivable business internal control system. Strictly enforce the examination and approval authority, respectively, to determine the relevant person in charge of the scope of authority. Credit sales business by the relevant leadership to strictly review and agree to credit, without the relevant leadership to determine the signature, the arrears should be borne by the responsible person responsibility, our company is currently on the
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issue, only a clear responsibility to develop Out of punishment measures in order to effectively control the arrears occurred. In strict credit on the basis of approval, to strengthen the balance of credit management, in order to facilitate the timely understanding, control and control of accounts receivable. My company recently due to the lack of approval and monitoring and sales policy loopholes, the current part of the new arrears, in order to recover the arrears in a timely manner, the Ministry of Finance to take the middle and late every month, for the sales department to provide a detailed customer Arrears schedule, and keep track of the reminder.
The third clearly divides the responsibility of the enterprise sales department and the finance department in the management of accounts receivable. Clearly stipulates that the sales department has a direct responsibility for the security and timely recovery of accounts receivable, the formation of accounts receivable decision-makers and the main management personnel, is the recovery of creditors, must be completely changed the recovery of accounts receivable work is only The responsibility of the financial department. Financial departments should promptly provide accounts receivable ageing analysis table so that decision-makers and relevant departments accurate, timely and comprehensive grasp of the status of accounts receivable.
1.4 Research Methodology
This paper adopts the research method of qualitative research and quantitative research. In the qualitative research, we mainly use the literature research method, comparative analysis of domestic and foreign scholars to sort out the relevant research to understand the field of research, on this basis to find the problem, deepen the content of this paper. In the quantitative research, we use the financial data of the target enterprises over the years, the use of different indicators of the size and structure of enterprise accounts receivable quantitative analysis, and comprehensive data of the company to explore the target enterprise accounts receivable management problems And provide perfect countermeasures.
42 2.1 Overview of accounts receivable
Accounts receivable refers to the enterprise due to credit sales of goods, materials, services and other services formed by the purchase or acceptance of labour units received money. Is the enterprise credit sales of goods, materials, labour services and other business activities formed by the claims, including the sale of products by enterprises, goods, materials, labour services, etc. should be charged to the debtor and the advance payment by the buyer. Accounts receivable in the production and operation of the enterprise role, if the mismanagement, not only can not recover the accounts receivable but also to the enterprise to bring the risk. The formation of accounts receivable is an inevitable phenomenon of the market economy. It is also an important part of the enterprise's current assets. Its quality status is related to the quality of the whole assets and accounting information. The correct credit and the management of accounts receivable are Enterprises to reduce the accounts receivable an effective way, only to reduce the relevant costs and improve efficiency, in order to maximize the value of enterprises.
2.2 Characteristics of accounts receivable
There are four characteristics of accounts receivable, namely: higher risk, lower liquidity, longer residence time, higher recovery costs
2.3 The role of accounts receivable (1) to expand sales
In the increasingly competitive market conditions, credit sales are an important way to promote sales. Business credit actually provides two transactions to the customer: selling the product to the customer and providing the customer with a limited period of time. Credit is very beneficial to the customer, so customers generally choose to buy credit. Credit sales have a more obvious role in the promotion of new products for enterprises to open up new markets have more important significance.
43 (2) reduce inventory
Enterprises to hold finished goods inventory, to additional management fees, storage fees and insurance and other expenses: the contrary, enterprises holding accounts receivable, the need for such expenditure. Therefore, when the enterprise finished product inventory more, generally can use the more favourable credit conditions for credit, the inventory into accounts receivable, reduce finished goods inventory, saving related expenses.
2.4 The reasons for the formation of accounts receivable 1. Business competition
Whether it is high-tech products or general industrial products, the current is almost the buyer's market, product prices, quality levels, after-sales service, etc.
roughly the same circumstances, enterprises in the market competition in a place, expand market share, credit as an expansion Product sales one of the important means, widely used by enterprises. Therefore, the enterprises in addition to the price, quality and after-sales service and other aspects of competition, the credit has become a major means of competition, enterprises by reducing the credit standards for wholesalers and retailers. As customers from the way of credit can get a lot of benefits, so more willing to buy the enterprise's products, which also makes the enterprise in a short period of time product sales increased, accounts receivable also followed by a sharp rise, eventually leading to business shortages, Turnover difficult. Once the enterprise capital chain problems, business survival and development will be a serious threat.
2. The difference between sales and collection
The time for the goods to be traded and the time of receipt of the goods are often inconsistent, which also leads to accounts receivable. On the general wholesale and large-scale production enterprises in terms of delivery time and time to receive the payment is often different, because the payment takes time. The longer the settlement means, the longer the settlement time, the sales company can only recognise this reality and bear the resulting capital advances.
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3. The general problems of enterprise accounts receivable management
The general problems in the management of enterprise accounts receivable are mainly reflected in the following five aspects: the management of accounts receivable is neglected, the daily management of accounts receivable is weak, the accounts receivable are not added in time, and the internal control system is not perfect, The enterprise did not establish a credit evaluation system
4. Management of accounts receivable and improvement of accounts receivable management recommendations.
From the three aspects to be improved, respectively, from the company system, credit management, financial management. Management of accounts receivable from the corporate system, mainly to strengthen the daily management of accounts receivable system, strengthen the internal control system, the establishment of the bad debt reserve system, the development of accounts receivable recovery responsibility system. Management of accounts receivable from the credit management, mainly to establish a relatively independent credit management departments, the establishment of customer management files on the customer credit evaluation, the implementation of specific credit standards, develop the best policy. From the financial aspects of the management of accounts receivable, mainly to strengthen the financial basis of work, play the role of accounting supervision, overdue accounts receivable should be timely to add these two aspects to improve.