CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.7 Pre-test
3.7.2 Reliability Analysis of Pre-test
Variable Dimension Item Num Mean Std Variance Skewness Kurtosis Organization
capability
OC2 201 3.66 1.169 1.367 -0.630 -0.410
OC3 201 3.76 1.036 1.073 -0.598 -0.134
OC4 201 3.36 1.285 1.651 -0.324 -0.949
OC5 201 3.27 1.126 1.267 -0.121 -0.653
OC6 201 3.33 1.262 1.592 -0.324 -0.847
leadership LS1 201 3.17 1.073 1.151 -0.048 -0.759
LS2 201 3.73 0.954 0.910 -0.335 -0.635
LS3 201 3.23 1.044 1.090 -0.135 -0.629
LS4 201 3.34 1.002 1.005 -0.029 -0.683
Digital innovation DI1 201 3.18 1.044 1.091 -0.003 -0.911
DI2 201 3.24 1.013 1.025 -0.213 -0.487
DI3 201 3.09 1.073 1.152 -0.082 -0.576
DI4 201 3.16 1.085 1.178 0.119 -0.717
DT DT1 201 3.14 0.954 0.910 -0.213 -0.105
DT2 201 3.14 1.039 1.080 0.014 -0.552
DT3 201 3.11 1.001 1.002 0.100 -0.591
DT4 201 3.12 0.978 0.956 -0.080 -0.176
Number of effective cases 201
1) Reliability test of external environment variables
According to the reliability analysis results of external environment variable shown in Table 3.7, this variable was measured by 17 measurement items of 4 dimensions, and the final Cronbach’s alpha of the whole was 0.852.
The customer needs dimension was measured by 5 measurement items, and the initial Cronbach’s alpha was 0.744. By observing the CITC between the observed variables and their latent variables, it was found that the CITC value of CN1 does not meet the general standard of 0.5, and the whole reliability can be increased to 0.890 after deleting this item, indicating that the setting of this item was not good, so it should be deleted;
The market competition dimension was measured by 4 measurement items. The initial Cronbach’s alpha was 0.828. Through observation, it was found that the whole reliability can be increased to 0.853 after deleting MC4 items, indicating that the consistency of MC4 items was poor, so MC4 should be deleted;
The government policy dimension was measured by 4 measurement items. The initial Cronbach’s alpha was 0.685. By observing the CITC between the observed variables and their latent variables, it was found that the CITC value of GP3 did not meet the general standard of 0.5, and the whole reliability can be increased to 0.904 after deleting this item, indicating that the setting of this item was not good, so it should be deleted;
The digital technology dimension was measured by 4 measurement items. The initial Cronbach’s alpha is 0.569. By observing the CITC between the observed variables and their latent variables, it was found that the CITC value of TT2 did not meet the general standard of 0.5, and the whole reliability can be increased to 0.823 after deleting this item, which indicated that the setting of this item was not good, so it should be deleted.
Therefore, after deleting the unreasonable items CN1, MC4, GP3, TT2, the reliability coefficients of all dimensions met the basic standard of greater than 0.7.
It can be seen that the questionnaire scale used in this study had good reliability.
Table 3.7 Reliability Test Results of External Environment Variables
Dimension Item CITC
Cronbach’s Alpha if Item
Deleted
Cronbach’s Alpha of Dimension
Cronbach’s Alpha of the
Whole Customer
needs
CN1 -0.079 0.890 Initial
α=0.744 Final α=0.890
Initial α=0.796
Final α=0.852
CN2 0.698 0.631
CN3 0.643 0.643
CN4 0.721 0.616
CN5 0.747 0.607
Market competition
MC1 0.712 0.758 Initial
α=0.828 Final α=0.853
MC2 0.722 0.751
MC3 0.695 0.765
MC4 0.511 0.853
Government policy
GP1 0.683 0.470 Initial
α=0.685 Final α=0.904
GP2 0.737 0.446
GP3 -0.068 0.904
GP4 0.711 0.436
Digital technology
TT1 0.586 0.306 Initial
α=0.569 Final α=0.823
TT2 -0.040 0.823
TT3 0.575 0.315
TT4 0.482 0.397
2)
Reliability test of internal conditions variables
According to the reliability analysis results of internal conditions variable shown in Table 3.8, this variable was measured by 13 measurement items of 3 dimensions, and the final Cronbach’s alpha of the whole was 0.914;
The digital strategy dimension was measured by 3 measurement items, and Cronbach’s alpha was 0.899. The organization capability dimension was measured by 6 measurement items. The initial Cronbach’s alpha was 0.766. By observing the CITC between the observation variables and their latent variables, it was found that the CITC values of OC2 and OC3 did not meet the general standard of 0.5, and the
whole reliability had been greatly improved after deleting these two items, indicating that the setting of OC2 and OC3 was not very good, so they should be deleted. The whole reliability can be increased to 0.915 after deleting OC2 and OC3 items;
The leadership dimension was measured by 4 measurement items. The initial Cronbach’s alpha was 0.786. By observing the CITC between the observed variables and their latent variables, it was found that the CITC value of LS2 did not meet the general standard of 0.5, and the whole reliability can be increased to 0.918 after deleting this item, indicating that the setting of this item was not good, so it should be deleted. Therefore, after deleting the unreasonable items OC2, OC3, LS2, the reliability coefficients of all dimensions met the basic standard of greater than 0.7.
It can be seen that the questionnaire used in this study had good reliability.
Table 3.8 Reliability Test Results of Internal Conditions Variables
Dimension Item CITC
Cronbach’s Alpha if Item
Deleted
Cronbach’s Alpha of Dimension
Cronbach’s Alpha of The Whole
Digital strategy DS1 0.817 0.842 0.899 Initial
α=0.869 Final α=0.914
DS2 0.814 0.844
DS3 0.772 0.88
Organization capability
OC1 0.734 0.663 Initial
α=0.766 Final α=0.915
OC2 0.113 0.823
OC3 0.155 0.806
OC4 0.693 0.678
OC5 0.696 0.685
OC6 0.725 0.670
Leadership LS1 0.801 0.615 Initial
α=0.786 Final α=0.918
LS2 0.152 0.918
LS3 0.734 0.656
LS4 0.774 0.638
3) Reliability test of digital innovation variable
According to the reliability analysis results of digital innovation variable shown in Table 3.9, the digital innovation variable was single-dimensional variable, which was measured by 4 measurement items. The initial Cronbach’s alpha was 0.863. By observing the CITC between the observed variables and their latent variables, it was found that the CITC value of DI3 did not met the general standard of 0.5, and the whole reliability can be increased to 0.913 after deleting this item, indicating that the setting of this item was not good, so it should be deleted; After deleting the unreasonable item DI3, the reliability coefficients of all dimensions met the basic standard of greater than 0.7. It can be seen that the questionnaire used in this study had good reliability.
Table 3.9 Reliability Test Results of Digital Innovation Variable
Dimension Item CITC Cronbach’s Alpha if Item Deleted
Cronbach’s Alpha Digital
innovation
DI1 0.766 0.802 Initial α=0.863
Final α=0.913
DI2 0.801 0.789
DI3 0.485 0.913
DI4 0.818 0.778
4) Reliability test of DT variable
According to the reliability analysis results of DT variable shown in Table 3.10, the DT variable was single-dimensional variable, which was measured by 4 measurement items. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.889, and the coefficient met the basic standard greater than 0.7. In addition, the CITC between the observed variables and their latent variables meet the requirement of greater than 0.5, which indicated that the question setting of each latent variable was good and the reliability of the questionnaire was good. At the same time, by excluding the observation variables, the specific method is to delete each variable. If the reliability index does not change after deletion, it is considered that the measurement items of this variable have good reliability. The results showed that the whole Cronbach’s alpha coefficient after deleting each item
had not been improved, so it showed that each item was set well. It can be seen that the questionnaire used in this study had good reliability.
Table 3.10 Reliability Test Results of DT Variable
Dimension Item CITC Cronbach’s Alpha if Item Deleted
Cronbach’s Alpha
DT DT1 0.724 0.835 0.871
DT2 0.738 0.829
DT3 0.735 0.830
DT4 0.701 0.844