CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
6. Research Data Collection Tools 1 Research Tools
- Survey
- Interview form - Observer
- Documentary studies
Through various channels, using various methods and methods, there are plans and purposeful understanding of the real situation of things. Processing, and gradually understand the nature and laws of objective things.
The interview question form is one of the important information collection tools. According to the research questions formulated in advance, they will be
26 submitted to the interviewees in written form. The interviewees will have a clearer understanding of the research content and make targeted explanations. Researchers can also develop new questions about the answers given by the interviewees or consider deeper interviews. At the same time, the question-and-answer form can make both sides of the question-and-answer participants keep communication and flexibility and give the interviewees enough time to consider problems.
However, during the interview, the interviewer is required to explain the content on the question and answer form to help the interviewee understand. After the interview, we can consider whether we need to organize more in-depth interviews according to the process and results of the interview. Interviews can be conducted with different people or multiple times with the same person.
6.2 Data Collection - A fieldwork
Fieldwork is a general term used to describe the collection of raw materials.
Fieldwork is mainly carried out in the field. Such as interviewing or observing clansmen to learn their language, folklore, and clan's social structure are also included. In some situations, the fieldwork must be designed to avoid the risk of observer effects or over-theorization or idealization of the actual cultural activity.
Field investigation can be divided into five phases of Dongkou ZongCi: preparation phase, start phase, investigation phase, investigation report writing phase, and supplementary investigation phase.
6.3 Data Tabulation and Analysis
Research record can be used as one of the personal data of researchers, and the main content is research objectives, research plan, and time arrangement and so on. At the same time, it shall also include the list, address and contact information, time arrangement of tasks, research funds and other contents of researchers. Researchers need to check the work record in time to determine the
27 work stage and the considerations of different work stages, etc. Finally, the record can be stored as auxiliary data.
6.4 Research results
The basic data recording tools are cameras and recorders. Cameras are used to collect image data and should be used for image data collection of ZongCi and on-site image data of ZongCi related activities. The recorder is used to record conversations in formal or informal situations to facilitate further data analysis and research. In the scope of a scientific and technological research project or research project that you are engaged in, a series of mental and physical work, such as experimental observations, investigations, and comprehensive analysis, are obtained and reviewed and identified to confirm creative results with academic significance and practical value.
7. Scope of the Research 7.1 Scope of study
This study takes ZongCi of Dongkou in 1436-2020 periods as the main research object, and is based on architecture art involving culture, economy, politics and other aspects.
7.2 The research areas
The spatial scope of this study is Dongkou county, Hunan province of China.
Dongkou county, located in the central and western part of Hunan province, is known as Capital of Chinese ZongCi culture for media, and is known as Capital of County of Chinese couplet culture for Chinese couplet association". Xiang (Xiang, J. N., & Zhao, Y., 2014, pp.86-93) comments "At the same time, Dongkou county has the largest number and most concentrated group of ZongCi buildings in China. In its heyday, Dongkou had more than 300 ZongCis. After a tortuous evolution process, more than 100 ancient ancestral temples have survived to this day." In recent years, the state
28 has given great support to the inheritance and protection of ZongCi culture.Dongkou county several ZongCis are listed as national or provincial cultural relics protection units. Among them, there are 11 national level cultural protection ZongCis.
Therefore, this study is representative.
7.3 Research Unit of analysis
There are many ZongCis in Dongkou. This study will take Dongkou Gaosha Museum of Literature and History and Qingming Festival as the key research object.
I will to study its social memory and meaning changes in four periods in detail, and specifically study its main ritual activities, such as on the day of Qingming Festival, the Chinese New Year, and memorial day of death anniversary of ancestor. Gaosha Museum of Literature and History is also the Zeng's ZongCi. Zeng's ZongCi was built in 1742, about 278 years ago. It has more than 30,000 clansman and is the largest ZongCi building in Dongkou County. As a museum, it was established in 1992 to protect the Zeng's ZongCi. In 2011, it was listed as one of the 13 private museums in Hunan Province. In 2013, it was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit in China. In 2014, the Dongkou County Tourism Bureau guided and started to build it into a national 3A tourist attraction for Zeng's ZongCi. In the same year, the Dongkou County Civil Affairs Bureau and the Gaosha Town People's Government commissioned the Gaosha Museum of Literature and History to repair the Gaosha Anti-Japanese Martyrs Cemetery 600 meters away from the Zeng's ZongCi. The museum has completed the basic work including integrating cultural relics and tourism resources.The Gaosha Museum of Literature and History is not only a museum, it also retains the original functions of the Zeng's ZongCi. The museum displays and inherits the civilization left by the offsprings of the Zeng's, promotes cultural exchanges, and reflects the politics and history of Hunan Province. It retains important social memories of people in different periods and it is an important local cultural and historical treasure house. It is a representative in the ZongCi in Dongkou
29 County. Qingming Festival is a major traditional Spring Festival. It is a fine tradition of the Chinese nation since ancient times to sweep tombs, offer sacrifices and remember ancestors. so they are selected as the key analysis unit in this paper.
7.4 Time (Duration and length)
In terms of time, according to the evolution history of Dongkou ZongCi, I have divided this paper into the following four stages for analysis:
7.4.1 Period from 1436 to 1911, feudal society
7.4.2 Period from 1912 to 1948, chaos caused period by war.
7.4.3 Period from 1949 to 1977, Early Period of the Founding of the People's Republic.
7.4.4 Period from 1978 to 2020, since the inheritance, innovative and meaning in China's Economic Reform.
According to the influence of different historical, social, political, cultural and artistic environments, the changes of social memory and meaning change left by the ZongCi are analyzed.