Chapter V The contemporary status of Shanxi Badatao in China
1. Shanxi Badatao’s music ontology
Percussion music is a typical musical form in the history of our country. From its rhythm, key, score, instrument, as well as performance form, repertoire and instrumental music, it shows that it is a national music genre, and it is a complex and unique Encourage the culture of wind music. "Shanxi Badatao" is a large-scale, exquisitely structured, and elegant tunes of large-scale sheng-wind tunes. It can be seen from Figure 5.
Figure 5 Shanxi Badatao (The order from left to right in the front row in the photo is Sheng, Suona, Sheng, Guanzi, Sheng, Guanzi, Sheng, Dizi. From left to right in the back row are bells,
wooden fish, drums, and cymbals.) Make: Hao Yantian
53 Over the years, many experts have made their sets, types and combinations of sets, The research and comparison from the micro and macro perspectives are of extremely important significance for us to further study the scientific connotation and practical value of the eight major sets, and to further explore the rules of the composition of traditional Chinese music sets.
The famous musicologist and professor of the Central Conservatory of Music, Yuan Jingfang, compiled the "Chinese Buddhist Music Culture of Han Dynasty". There are three main types of music structure: "only music, combined music, and routine music". Only song, also known as single, is an instrumental piece to be played independently. The basis of its musical structure is qupa; Lianqu is a musical instrument that consists of two or more tunes in series. This kind of tune does not form a fixed pattern and pattern in musical structure on the series of tunes, similar to traditional Chinese music. The tunes; the tunes, also known as the main set and the complete set, are composed of multiple tunes (or music) connected according to a certain procedure into a fixed musical structure and pattern, similar to the complete set in traditional Chinese music.
Mr. Jing Weigang stated in the article "Structural Features of Song Forms": "Shanxi's folk instrumental music is mainly composed of musical forms." It is divided into: single, variation, combination, loop and Take the body. Shanxi Badatao's "Eight Boards" and "Ball Hammers"
belong to single-stage tune singles. "Proverbs" is a more typical variation style suite, which is a wide range of variations of the whole piece of music. Among them, "Look at Dengshan" has been changed three times, and "Eight Beats" has been changed seven times. The music of "Pu An Zhou" is a loop music composed of an introduction, a main paragraph and three different auxiliary paragraphs. During the process of the music, they are arranged in a certain order to make the music present a looping state. "Shanxi Badatao" is a set of music, which is a fixed set (a complete set), based on the total music concept, with a title, and a layout to combine and arrange various pieces of music. All tunes and their order are indeed relatively fixed, and they cannot be changed at will. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Zhao Chenggui spent a lot of effort to collect the songs of "Shanxi Badatao", but he did not collect the songs of "Last Autumn", so he had no choice but to replace it with "Wan Nian Huan". In 1921, when Mr. Zhang Rulin wrote the
"Shanxi Badatao" music score, in order to make up for this shortcoming, he added "Interview" in the first set of "Qing Tian Ge", and added "Interview" in the second set. Back to "Autumn Coming", "Anxious Monkey" and "Into the Orchid House" have been added to the third set of
54
"Pushing the Roots". Except for some music lovers who perform based on Zhang Rulin's supplementary performance, folk artists still use traditional performance methods and do not recognize Zhang Rulin's supplementary. Therefore, these tunes are not popular. The reason is that
"Shanxi Badatao" is a regular structure, which cannot be increased or decreased arbitrarily, but this "change" is absolute, not relative. With the development of the times, people's perfection and performance needs, the repertoire of "Eight Major Sets" has also been continuously developed and changed among folk artists. For example, in the first set of "Shanxi Badatao", "Qing Tian Ge", there were four tunes of "Qing Tian Ge", "Zhu Ma Ting", "Shan Slope Sheep" and "Chao Tian Zi" in the late Qing Dynasty. Later, "The Hanging Branches", "Liu Yeqing", and "Interview"
were added. The reason is that when the original four tunes were played in folk ceremonies and rural banquets, the playing time was relatively short, which did not meet the needs of music appreciation.
1.2 Musical structure
Structure is the form of existence of things. Everything has a structure, and different things have different structures. "Shanxi Badatao" is a representative music genre in traditional Chinese instrumental music, and it is a large-scale suite. Its structure also has its distinctive features. It includes three forms of complete structure, part structure and single structure:
The whole structure can be divided into three parts: The first part consists of 9 pieces in random sequence, including the three endings, which are actually 6 paragraphs, which are performed by instrumental music. The second part is the middle preface, composed of 18 songs, the second set of "Bangzhuangtai Set" has 9 songs, and the third set of "Qing Tian Song Set" has 4 songs. The fourth set of "Persuasive Cup Set" has 7 songs, and there are a total of 20 songs above, including 2 endings, which are actually 18 paragraphs, mainly singing. The third part is Qupo. The fifth set "Pu'an Zhou" has 2 songs, the sixth set "Cut Denghua Tao" has 2 songs, the seventh set "Elang Tao" has 6 songs, and the eighth set "Dashu Yu "Lang Tao" has 2 songs, of which there are 12 songs in total, which are actually 12 sections, which are mainly dances.
55 Table 2 Musical structure of "Shanxi Badatao" Musical structure of "Shanxi Badatao"
Sequence Performance content
Number of paragra
phs
Composition Important note
First part Music 6
The first set of "Tui Luzhou Set" has 9 songs, "Pushing Luzhou", "Flying Bee", "Aunt Wang", "Jishengcao",
"Jasmine", "Ball Hammer" and the epilogue "Laying Broken Bridge" and
"Guazi" (unknown). The above 6 songs and 6 paragraphs of "Baban'er"
are basically the same.
"Shanxi Badatao"
is composed of three parts:
music, song, and dance. However, due to historical development and artistic evolution, the two parts of singing and dancing are gradually replaced by instrumental music
performance, and all the songs of
"Shanxi Badatao"
today are performed by instrumental music.
Second
part Songs 18
The second set of "Bangzhuangtai Set" has 9 songs, "Bangzhuangtai",
"Liu Yaojin", "Come in Spring",
"Come in Summer", "Come in Autumn", "Come in Winter", "Wan Nian Huan", "Yue Er Gao" and the epilogue " Western Tibet. The third set of "Qingtian Songs" has 4 songs,
"Qingtian Song", "Zhuma Ting",
"Mountain Sheep" and "Chaotianzi".
The fourth set of "Quanjinbei Set" has 7 songs, "Persuade Jin Cup", "Mian Daxu", "Jing Pinger", "Walking Horse", "Fish Music", "Twelve Floors" and the epilogue "Caicha Song" and a total of 20 songs
56 Table 2 (Continued)
Sequence Performance content
Number of paragra phs
Composition
Third part Dance 12
The fifth set "Pu an zhou" has 2 songs
"Pu an zhou" and "Pa shan hu", the sixth set "Wufangwu Set" has 2 songs,
"Cut Lantern Flower" and "Creeping Tiger", and the seventh set "Goose Lang Set" There are 6 songs "Goose Lang", "Twelve Storeys", "Wai Suihuang", "Night Passing the South Tower", "Wang Aunt" and "Five Music". A total of 12 songs and 12 paragraphs above are very consistent with each other.
Make: Hao Yantian