View of การพัฒนาอาหารเหลวสำเร็จรูปจากข้าวก่ำเพาะงอกชนิดลดน้ำตาลและเสริมใยอาหารสำหรับผู้สูงอายุ Development of Ready-To-Eat Liquid Food from Purple Glutinous Rice with Reduced Sugar and Enriched Fiber for Elderly

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*ºŸâπ‘æπ∏åª√– “πß“π, e-mail: yuthana.p@cmu.ac.th

Development of Ready-To-Eat Liquid Food from Purple Glutinous Rice with Reduced Sugar and Enriched Fiber

for Elderly

Yuthana Phimolsiripol

^1*

, Suthat Surawang

¹

, Israpong Pongsirikul

¹

, Sujinda Sriwattana

¹

, Niramon Uttama-ang

²

, Jajira Imarromna

³

Orapan Sangsee

¹

and Nithiya Rattanpanone

⁴

ABSTRACT

The objective of this research was to develop the formula and process of easy- consumed with high value products by reduced sugar and enriched fiber from purple glutinous rice for elderly. Result showed that the optimal condition of germinated purple rice with the highest anthocyanin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was steeped in sodium benzoate at 35°C for 1h and 45 min and germination time at 25°C for 24 h. The optimum formula and process of ready-to-eat liquid food from germinated purple rice were using 15% germinated purple rice, 1.5% enzyme _α-amylase and digestion time 25 min. Vitamin and mineral premixes were used to fortify in these formulation of 2 g per serving size (250 mL). The minimized sterility value of F₀ greater than 6 was referred to as a process temperature of 121°C and process time 17.64 min. The developed product composed of nutrients vitamins and minerals, complied with the dietary reference intake. The EC₅₀ of developed product was 1.53 mg/mL and it was accepted by consumers in the range of like moderately (7.4-7.5).

Keywords: purple glutinous rice, germination, elderly, anthocyanin, gamma-aminobutyric acid

1Division of Product Development Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University

2Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University

3Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business Administration, Far Eastern University

4Postharvest Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University

*Corresponding author, e-mail: yuthana.p@cmu.ac.th

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12 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ®“°π—Èππ”¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°∑’ˉ¥â‰ª«‘‡§√“–Àåª√‘¡“≥·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π [9] ª√‘¡“≥ gamma- aminobutyric acid (GABA) [10] ·≈–§«“¡Àπ◊¥¢Õß·ªÑߥ⫬‡§√◊ËÕß Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA- 4D, Newport Scientific, Australia) μ“¡«‘∏’°“√¢Õß Phimolsiripol ·≈–§≥– [11] ·≈–«—¥§«“¡Àπ◊¥

¢Õß·ªÑߢ⓫°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°À≈—ßÕÕ°®“°‡§√◊ËÕß RVA ¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß«—¥§à“§«“¡Àπ◊¥ (model LVDV-II+, Brookfield digital viscometer, USA)

2. °“√»÷°…“ ¿“«–°“√¬àÕ¬¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°¥â«¬‡Õπ‰´¡å·Õ≈ø“-·Õ¡‘‡≈  ·≈–‡«≈“„π°“√¬àÕ¬

«“ß·ºπ°“√∑¥≈Õß·∫∫ Central Composite Design (CCD) with faced center §à“ _{± α}

‡∑à“°—∫§à“ _±1 ∑”´È”∑’Ë®ÿ¥»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß 3 ®ÿ¥ ‚¥¬º—π·ª√ª√‘¡“≥¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°∑’Ë„™â„π°“√∑”Õ“À“√‡À≈«

√âÕ¬≈– 5-25 ª√‘¡“≥‡Õπ‰´¡å·Õ≈ø“-·Õ¡‘‡≈ √âÕ¬≈– 0.5-1.5 ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°∑’Ë„™â ·≈–‡«≈“„π

°“√¬àÕ¬¢â“« 5-25 π“∑’ ´÷Ëß„π°“√∑¥≈Õß®–π”¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°∑’˺à“π°“√∫¥≈–‡Õ’¬¥¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß Ultra centrifugal mill (ZM 200, Retsch, Germany) ®“°π—Èπ𔉪√àÕπºà“πμ–·°√ß¢π“¥ 70 mesh ¡“º ¡°—∫πÈ”

™—ËßπÈ”Àπ—° ·≈–®¥∫—π∑÷°πÈ”Àπ—°∑’Ë·πàπÕπ 𔉪„À⧫“¡√âÕπ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 100 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ®π‡¥◊Õ¥‡ªìπ

‡«≈“ 5 π“∑’ ≈¥Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘≈߇À≈◊Õ 65 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ®“°π—Èπ‡μ‘¡‡Õπ‰´¡å·Õ≈ø“-·Õ¡‘‡≈  °«πμ≈Õ¥μ“¡

‡«≈“∑’Ë°”Àπ¥¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß overhead stirrer (OST 29, Yellowline, France) À¬ÿ¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å

·Õ≈ø“-·Õ¡‘‡≈  ¥â«¬°“√μâ¡®π‡¥◊Õ¥‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 5 π“∑’ ª√—∫ª√‘¡“≥‚¥¬°“√‡μ‘¡πÈ”„Àâ¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‡∑à“°—∫‡√‘Ë¡μâπ

«‘‡§√“–Àå§ÿ≥¿“æ¥â“𧫓¡Àπ◊¥ ‚¥¬„™â‡§√◊ËÕß«—¥§«“¡Àπ◊¥ (model LVDV-II+, Brookfield digital vis- cometer, USA) ·≈–ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”μ“≈√’¥‘«´å ‚¥¬«‘∏’ DNS [12]

3. °“√æ—≤π“ Ÿμ√Õ“À“√‡À≈« ”‡√Á®√Ÿª™π‘¥≈¥πÈ”μ“≈ ·≈–‡ √‘¡„¬Õ“À“√

æ—≤π“ Ÿμ√Õ“À“√‡À≈« ”‡√Á®√Ÿª∑’Ë¡’ “√Õ“À“√§√∫∂â«πμ“¡À≈—°‚¿™π“°“√ ”À√—∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿª°μ‘

·≈–ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’ˇªìπ‚√§‡∫“À«“π·≈–§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘μ Ÿß ‚¥¬„™âμ“√“ß Thai RDA ‡ªìπμâπ·∫∫√à«¡°—∫ Ÿμ√

°“√º≈‘μÕ“À“√‡À≈« ”‡√Á®√Ÿª®“°¢â“«°≈âÕß∑’Ë¥—¥·ª≈ß®“°  ÿ∑—»πå ·≈–§≥– [13] ™—Ëß à«πº ¡∑—ÈßÀ¡¥

(¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ° ·≈–‡Õπ‰´¡å·Õ≈ø“-·Õ¡‘‡≈  μ“¡ ¿“«–∑’ˇ≈◊Õ°‰¥â®“°¢âÕ 2. π¡ºß√âÕ¬≈– 3.4 πÈ”¡—π

√”¢â“«√âÕ¬≈– 2.4 ‚ª√μ’π-∂—Ë«‡À≈◊Õß °—¥√âÕ¬≈– 0.7 °≈‘Ëπ«π‘≈“√âÕ¬≈– 0.5 ·≈–‡≈´‘∑‘π√âÕ¬≈– 0.2)

∑”°“√æ—≤π“ Ÿμ√≈¥πÈ”μ“≈·≈–‡ √‘¡„¬Õ“À“√ ‚¥¬°”Àπ¥„Àâ¡’ª√‘¡“≥‡ âπ„¬Õ“À“√¡“°°«à“

 Ÿμ√ ”À√—∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿª°μ‘‚¥¬„™âÕ‘πŸ≈‘π√âÕ¬≈– 2.5 ·≈–º—π·ª√ “√∑¥·∑ππÈ”μ“≈ ‚¥¬«“ß·ºπ°“√∑¥≈Õß

·∫∫ ÿà¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥剥â 3  ‘Ëß∑¥≈Õß §◊Õ  ‘Ëß∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë 1 „™âπÈ”μ“≈∑√“¬√âÕ¬≈– 5 ( ‘Ëß∑¥≈Õߧ«∫§ÿ¡)  ‘Ëß∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë 2 „™âπÈ”μ“≈∑√“¬√âÕ¬≈– 1.747 ·≈–´Ÿ§√“‚≈ √âÕ¬≈– 0.003  ‘Ëß∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë 3 „™âπÈ”μ“≈√âÕ¬≈– 2.998 ·≈–

·≈–´Ÿ§√“‚≈ √âÕ¬≈– 0.002 ∑”°“√∑¥≈Õß‚¥¬∫¥¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß∫¥ —∫ (AY 4671, Moulinex, France) ·≈–𔉪∫¥μàե⫬‡§√◊ËÕß Ultra centrifugal mill (ZM 200, Retsch, Germany) ®“°π—Èππ”

¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°∑’˺à“π°“√∫¥‰ª√àÕπºà“πμ–·°√ß¢π“¥ 70 mesh π”¡“º ¡°—∫πÈ” 𔉪„À⧫“¡√âÕπ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘

100 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ®π‡¥◊Õ¥‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 5 π“∑’ ≈¥Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘≈߇À≈◊Õ 65 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ®“°π—Èπ‡μ‘¡

‡Õπ‰´¡å·Õ≈ø“-·Õ¡‘‡≈  ∑‘È߉«â‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 5 π“∑’ ∑”°“√À¬ÿ¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ¥â«¬°“√𔉪„À⧫“¡√âÕπ®π‡¥◊Õ¥‡ªìπ

‡«≈“ 5 π“∑’ 𔉪°√Õߺà“πμ–·°√ß√àÕπ¢π“¥ 50 mesh π”πÈ”‡ª≈à“‰ªμâ¡„À⇥◊Õ¥§àÕ¬Ê ‡∑‚ª√μ’π∂—Ë«

‡À≈◊Õß °—¥ π¡ºß πÈ”μ“≈°≈Ÿ‚§  §π®π≈–≈“¬‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 15 π“∑’ ®“°π—Èπ‡∑ à«πº ¡∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥≈߉ª

„πÀ¡âÕμâ¡ ª√—∫ª√‘¡“≥πÈ” ·≈⫪íòπº ¡¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕߪíòπ (Fagor, B-625 NA, Spain) „À⇢⓰—π‡ªìπ‡«≈“

5 π“∑’ 𔉪 Homogenize ∑’Ë 6000 √Õ∫μàÕπ“∑’ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 15 π“∑’ π”º≈‘μ¿—≥±å∑’ˉ¥â‰ª∑”°“√¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ

∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 121 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 30 π“∑’ ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ∑“ߪ√– “∑ —¡º— ‚¥¬∑” Central Location Test „™âºŸâ∑¥ Õ∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ 65 ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª ®”π«π 100 §π ∑¥ Õ∫§ÿ≥¿“æ¥â“𧫓¡™Õ∫

‚¥¬√«¡  ’ °≈‘Ëπ¢â“« √ ™“μ‘‚¥¬√«¡ √ À«“𠧫“¡Àπ◊¥∑’Ë¡’μàÕº≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√‡À≈« ¥â«¬«‘∏’ 9-point hedonic scale

4. °“√»÷°…“ ¿“«–∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡„π°“√¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ ·≈–∑¥ Õ∫Õ“À“√‡À≈« ”‡√Á®√Ÿª®“°¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°

 ”À√—∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿÀ≈—ß‡μ‘¡«‘μ“¡‘π ·≈–·√à∏“μÿ

‡μ‘¡«‘μ“¡‘π ·≈–·√à∏“μÿ≈ß„πº≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√‡À≈« ”‡√Á®√Ÿª®“°¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°„Àâ¡’ª√‘¡“≥

«‘μ“¡‘π ·≈–·√à∏“μÿ√âÕ¬≈– 10 Thai RDA ‚¥¬°“√‡μ‘¡ Vitamin Mineral Premix ≈߉ª„π Ÿμ√ 2 °√—¡

μàÕª√‘¡“≥Õ“À“√‡À≈« 250 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘μ√ ®“°π—Èπ𔉪»÷°…“ ¿“«–∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡„π°“√¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ„À≥âμ“¡

À≈—°‡°≥±å«‘∏’°“√º≈‘μÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥μË”∫√√®ÿ„π¿“™π–∑’˪π‘∑™π‘¥∫√√®ÿ¿—≥±åÕàÕπμ—« (retort pouch) ™π‘¥Õ≈Ÿ¡‘π—¡ πÈ”Àπ—°∫√√®ÿ ÿ∑∏‘ 250 °√—¡ ·≈–∑”°“√¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ‚¥¬„™â water rotary retort (FMC /MOD. A091, Belgium) ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 121 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  °”Àπ¥„Àâ§à“ F₀ ‡∑à“°—∫ 6 ∑”°“√«—¥

§à“∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘„®°≈“ߢÕߺ≈‘μ¿—≥±å (®ÿ¥∑’Ë√âÕπ™â“∑’Ë ÿ¥) ·≈–«—¥§à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢≥–∑”°“√¶à“‡™◊Èե⫬™ÿ¥

Õÿª°√≥å«—¥§à“ F₀ (Ellab, Denmark) ‡æ◊ËÕ∑”°“√ª√–‡¡‘πº≈§à“ F₀ ·≈–μ√«® Õ∫§ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õߺ≈‘μ¿—≥±å

¿“¬À≈—ß°“√¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ§◊Õ §à“ ’ L^* C^* h° (CR-300, Minolta Chroma, Japan) Õߧåª√–°Õ∫∑“߇§¡’μ“¡

«‘∏’°“√¢Õß AOAC [15] §à“æ≈—ßß“π (PARR 1356, Isoperibol Calorimeter, USA) ª√‘¡“≥°√¥

·Õ¡‘‚πμ“¡«‘∏’°“√ AOAC detected by GC-MS °‘®°√√¡ “√μâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–μ“¡«‘∏’¢Õß DPPH assay [14] ª√‘¡“≥«‘μ“¡‘π ·≈–·√à∏“μÿμ“¡«‘∏’¢Õß AOAC by ICP-OES technique §ÿ≥¿“æ∑“ß®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬åμ“¡

«‘∏’°“√¢Õß FDA BAM online (2001) ·≈–ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ∑“ߪ√– “∑ —¡º— ¥â“𧫓¡™Õ∫‚¥¬√«¡

 ’ °≈‘Ëπ¢â“« §«“¡Àπ◊¥ √ À«“π √ ™“μ‘‚¥¬√«¡∑’Ë¡’μàÕº≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√‡À≈«®“°¢â“«°Ë” ¥â«¬«‘∏’ 9-point hedonic scale ‚¥¬„™âºŸâ∫√‘‚¿§ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ®”π«π 100 §π‡ªìπºŸâ∑¥ Õ∫

5. °“√«‘‡§√“–Àåº≈∑“ß ∂‘μ‘

«“ß·ºπ°“√∑¥≈Õß ·≈–π”¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’ˉ¥â‰ª«‘‡§√“–Àå ¡°“√∂¥∂Õ¬·≈–À“®ÿ¥∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ (optimization) ‚¥¬„™â‚ª√·°√¡ ”‡√Á®√Ÿª Minitab (version 16) §”π«≥§à“‡©≈’ˬ ·≈–‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§«“¡

·μ°μà“ߥ⫬«‘∏’ Duncanûs multiple range test ‚¥¬„™â‚ª√·°√¡ ”‡√Á®√Ÿª SPSS (version 17.0)

º≈°“√«‘®—¬

1. º≈°“√»÷°…“ ¿“«–∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡„π°“√¬àÕ¬¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ° ·≈– ¡∫—μ‘¢Õߢ⓫°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°

®“°°“√»÷°…“ ¿“«–∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡„π°“√¬àÕ¬¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°æ∫«à“ √–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√‡æ“–ßÕ°

¢â“«°Ë”¡’º≈μàÕª√‘¡“≥·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π ¥—ßμ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 ‚¥¬¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°∑’ˇ«≈“ 24 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ®–¡’ª√‘¡“≥

·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π Ÿß°«à“°“√‡æ“–ßÕ°∑’Ë 48 ™—Ë«‚¡ß (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 2) ·≈–¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°∑’ˇ«≈“ 24 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ¡’

ª√‘¡“≥·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π Ÿß ÿ¥§◊Õ 133.34 mg/100g ·≈–æ∫«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘„π°“√·™à¢â“«°Ë”¡’º≈μàÕª√‘¡“≥

GABA (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 1) ‚¥¬¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°¡’ª√‘¡“≥ GABA ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®“° 1.14 mg/100g (control) ‡ªìπ 5.12-8.09 mg/100g ¥—ßμ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 ·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘„π°“√·™à¢â“«∑’Ë 35 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ·≈–‡æ“–ßÕ°‡ªìπ

‡«≈“ 24 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ®–„Àâª√‘¡“≥ GABA  Ÿß∑’Ë ÿ¥ (8.09 mg/100g) ¥—ßπ—Èπ®÷߇ªìπ ¿“«–∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡¢Õß

¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ° ´÷Ëß Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫√“¬ß“π¢ÕßÕ√æ‘π ·≈–§≥– [16] ‰¥â»÷°…“º≈¢Õߧà“æ’‡Õ™ (4 ·≈– 6)

·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢ÕßπÈ” (35 ·≈– 45 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ) ∑’Ë„™â·™à‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«μàÕª√‘¡“≥ GABA ¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕßßÕ°

æ—π∏ÿ墓«¥Õ°¡–≈‘ 105 æ∫«à“ ¢â“«°≈âÕ߇擖ßÕ°∑’Ë·™àπÈ”∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 35 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ¡’ª√‘¡“≥ GABA

 Ÿß°«à“·™à∑’Ë 45 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  °“√‡æ“–ßÕ°¢â“«°Ë” àߺ≈„Àâ¡’Õ—μ√“°“√À“¬„® ·≈–°“√¬àÕ¬ “√Õ“À“√„π‡¡≈Á¥

·≈–¡’°“√¬àÕ¬‚ª√μ’π‰¥â°√¥·Õ¡‘‚𠇙àπ °≈Ÿμ“‡¡μ [17] ´÷Ë߇ªìπ “√μ—Èßμâπ∑’Ë ”§—≠ ”À√—∫°“√ —߇§√“–Àå GABA

·≈– Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ß“π«‘®—¬¢Õßæ—™√“¿√≥å ·≈–§≥– [18] ∑’Ë»÷°…“°√–∫«π°“√‡æ“–ßÕ°¢â“«°≈âÕß 3 æ—π∏ÿå

‚¥¬º—π·ª√√–¬–‡«≈“°“√ßÕ°∑’Ë 0, 20, 24, 48 ·≈– 72 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 37 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  æ∫«à“

ª√‘¡“≥·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π¡’§à“≈¥≈߇¡◊ËÕ√–¬–‡«≈“°“√ßÕ°‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‚§√ß √â“ߢÕß “√·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π

®—¥‡ªìπ “√ª√–°Õ∫‰´¬“𑥑π 3 °≈Ÿ‚§‰´¥å (cyaniding 3-glucoside) ·≈– æ’‚Õ𑥑π 3 °≈Ÿ‚§‰´¥å (peonidin 3- glucoside) ∑’Ë “¡“√∂≈–≈“¬‰¥â¥’„πμ—«∑”≈–≈“¬∑’Ë¡’¢—È« ‡™àπ πÈ” ‡¡∑“πÕ≈ ·≈–Õ–´‘‚μπ [19]

√–À«à“ß°√–∫«π°“√‡æ“–ßÕ°®÷߇°‘¥°“√ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬ª√‘¡“≥·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π¡“°¢÷Èπ‡¡◊ËÕ√–¬–‡«≈“°“√ßÕ°‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ

®“°°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߧ«“¡Àπ◊¥¢Õß·ªÑߢ⓫°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß RVA æ∫«à“

√–¬–‡«≈“‡æ“–ßÕ° Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘„π°“√·™à·≈–‡«≈“„π°“√‡æ“–ßÕ°¡’º≈μàÕ°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߧ«“¡Àπ◊¥¢Õß·ªÑß

¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°∑’ˉ¥â¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ·≈–μ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 ´÷Ëß¡’º≈∑”„Àâ§à“§«“¡Àπ◊¥ Ÿß ÿ¥¢Õß·ªÑߢ⓫°Ë”‡æ“–

ßÕ°≈¥≈ßÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ (p_≤0.05) ‚¥¬°“√ßÕ°¢â“«∑’Ë√–¬–‡«≈“ 24 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ‰¥â·ªÑߢ⓫°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°∑’Ë¡’

§à“§«“¡Àπ◊¥ Ÿß ÿ¥¡“°°«à“°“√ßÕ°¢â“«∑’Ë√–¬–‡«≈“ 48 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ´÷Ëß Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ß“π«‘®—¬¢Õß®—°√æß…å ·≈–

§≥– [20] ∑’Ëæ∫«à“ ‡¡◊ËÕ√–¬–‡«≈“ßÕ°‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ °“√ßÕ°‚¥¬°“√·™àπÈ” ·≈–°“√ßÕ°∫πºâ“¢“«∫“߇ªï¬°πÈ”

¡’º≈∑”„Àâ§à“§«“¡Àπ◊¥ Ÿß ÿ¥¢Õß·ªÑߢ⓫°≈âÕßßÕ°¡’§à“≈¥≈ßÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ (p _≤ 0.05) ·≈–™π‘…Æ“

·≈–§≥– [21] ¬—ßæ∫«à“ √–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√·™à¢â“«‡À𒬫°≈âÕßßÕ°∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ¡’º≈∑”„À⧫“¡Àπ◊¥ Ÿß ÿ¥

·≈–°“√§◊πμ—«¢Õß·ªÑߢ⓫‡À𒬫°≈âÕßßÕ°≈¥≈ßÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ (p _≤ 0.05) ‡π◊ËÕß®“°„π√–À«à“ß

°√–∫«π°“√ßÕ° ¡’°“√º≈‘μ‡Õπ‰´¡å·Õ¡‘‡≈  ´÷Ëß¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë„π°“√¬àÕ¬§“√å‚∫‰Œ‡¥√μ„Àâ¡’‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‡≈Á°≈ß ‡¡◊ËÕ

‡æ‘Ë¡√–¬–‡«≈“°“√ßÕ°®÷ß àߺ≈„À⇰‘¥°‘®°√√¡¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ [22] ·≈–®– àߺ≈„Àâ·ªÑߢ⓫°Ë”‡æ“–

ßÕ°¡’§«“¡Àπ◊¥≈¥≈ß

μ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 º≈°“√«‘‡§√“–À姫“¡·ª√ª√«π (ANOVA) ª√‘¡“≥·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π GABA ¢Õߢ⓫°Ë”‡æ“–

ßÕ° ·≈–§«“¡Àπ◊¥ (À≈—ßÕÕ°®“°‡§√◊ËÕß RVA) ¢Õߢ⓫°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°

§à“ p-value ªí®®—¬

·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π GABA §«“¡Àπ◊¥

Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘„π°“√·™à 0.892 0.001* 0.452

‡«≈“„π°“√‡æ“–ßÕ° 0.000* 0.213 0.000*

Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘„π°“√·™à*‡«≈“„π°“√‡æ“–ßÕ° 0.096 0.459 0.004*

*À¡“¬∂÷ß ¡’§«“¡·μ°μà“ßÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ (p_≤ 0.05)

μ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 ª√‘¡“≥·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π GABA ¢Õߢ⓫°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ° ·≈–§«“¡Àπ◊¥ (À≈—ßÕÕ°®“°‡§√◊ËÕß RVA)

¢Õߢ⓫°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°

μ—«Õ¬à“ß ·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π GABA §«“¡Àπ◊¥

(mg/100 g) (mg/100 g) (cP)

·™à 35°C-‡«≈“ 1.75 h ·≈–‡æ“–ßÕ° 24 h 125.63_±3.08^a 8.09_±1.49^a 481.50_±5.63^b

·™à 35°C-‡«≈“ 1.75 h ·≈–‡æ“–ßÕ° 48 h 86.93_±3.08^b 6.96_±1.99^ab 65.50_±4.82^c

·™à 40°C-‡«≈“ 1 h ·≈–‡æ“–ßÕ° 24 h 133.34_±7.75^a 5.42_±0.39^bc 495.33_±6.43^a

·™à 40°C-‡«≈“ 1 h ·≈–‡æ“–ßÕ° 48 h 80.28_±5.22^b 5.12_±0.39^c 56.17_±1.04^d μ—«Õ—°…√∑’Ëμà“ß°—π„π·π«μ—Èß À¡“¬∂÷ß ¡’§à“·μ°μà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ (p_≤ 0.05)

√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 æƒμ‘°√√¡§«“¡Àπ◊¥¢Õß·ªÑߢ⓫°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°

2. º≈°“√»÷°…“ª√‘¡“≥¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ° ª√‘¡“≥‡Õπ‰´¡å·Õ≈ø“-·Õ¡‘‡≈  ·≈–‡«≈“„π°“√¬àÕ¬

®“°°“√°”Àπ¥‡ªÑ“À¡“¬¢Õߧ«“¡Àπ◊¥¢ÕßÕ“À“√‡À≈« ‚¥¬Õâ“ßÕ‘ß®“°º≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√‡À≈«

∑’Ë«“ß®”Àπà“¬μ“¡∑âÕßμ≈“¥ (5.65-6.68 cP) °“√„™â¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°„πª√‘¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 5-25 ¡’º≈∑”„Àâ§à“

§«“¡Àπ◊¥ ·≈–ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”μ“≈√’¥‘«´å‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ ¥—ßμ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 ·≈–®“°°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å‚¥¬„™â  ¡°“√∂¥∂Õ¬ (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 4) æ∫«à“ μ—«·ª√μâπ¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈μàÕ°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß§à“§«“¡Àπ◊¥ ·≈–ª√‘¡“≥

πÈ”μ“≈√’¥‘«´å ´÷Ë߇ªìπº≈¡“®“°°“√‡°‘¥‡®≈“∑‘‰π´å¢Õß·ªÑß∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ° ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡¡Á¥·ªÑ߇°‘¥°“√

æÕßμ—« ·≈–°“√„À⧫“¡√âÕπ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¡“°°«à“ 80 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  ¡’º≈∑”„À⧫“¡Àπ◊¥¢Õß·ªÑ߇æ‘Ë¡¡“°

¢÷Èπ [23] ·μà‡¡◊ËÕ„™âª√‘¡“≥‡Õπ‰´¡å·Õ≈ø“-·Õ¡‘‡≈  ·≈–‡«≈“„π°“√¬àÕ¬¢â“«¡“°¢÷Èπ ∑”„Àâ§à“§«“¡Àπ◊¥

≈¥≈ß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡Õπ‰´¡å·Õ≈ø“·Õ-¡‘‡≈  ´÷Ëß®—¥‡ªìπ endoglucosidase ®–μ—¥æ—π∏– _α-1,4-glycosodic linkage ‡©æ“–∑’Ëμ”·Àπàߢâ“ß„π¢Õß “¬·Õ¡‘‚≈  ·≈–·Õ¡‘‚≈‡æ°∑‘π‰¥â‡ªìπ‡¥°´åμ√‘π ·≈–‚Õ≈‘‚°·´Á°§“‰√¥å [24] ´÷Ë߇ªìπ§“√å‚∫‰Œ‡¥√μ “¬ —ÈπÊ ·≈– “¡“√∂¥Ÿ¥´—∫πÈ”‰¥â¥’ ∑”„À⧫“¡Àπ◊¥≈¥≈߉¥â ‚¥¬§«“¡Àπ◊¥¡’§à“

∑’Ë„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫º≈‘μ¿—≥±å∑âÕßμ≈“¥ ·≈– ¿“«–∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡§◊Õª√‘¡“≥¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°√âÕ¬≈– 15 ª√‘¡“≥

‡Õπ‰´¡å·Õ≈ø“-·Õ¡‘‡≈ √âÕ¬≈– 1.5 ·≈–‡«≈“„π°“√¬àÕ¬¢â“« 25 π“∑’

3. °“√æ—≤π“ Ÿμ√Õ“À“√‡À≈« ”‡√Á®√Ÿª∫√‘‚¿§ßà“¬™π‘¥≈¥πÈ”μ“≈·≈–‡ √‘¡„¬Õ“À“√

®“°°“√º—π·ª√ “√∑¥·∑ππÈ”μ“≈ ‰¥â·°à ´Ÿ§√“‚≈  ·≈–‡ âπ„¬Õ“À“√‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇪ìπ·À≈àߢÕß„¬

Õ“À“√ ‚¥¬„™âÕ‘πŸ≈‘π√âÕ¬≈– 2.5 ‰¥âº≈¥—ßμ“√“ß∑’Ë 5 ‚¥¬∑”°“√»÷°…“∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 3  ‘Ëß∑¥≈Õß´÷Ëß„π°“√∑¥≈Õß

®–„™âª√‘¡“≥πÈ”μ“≈μà“ß°—π æ∫«à“§–·π𧫓¡™Õ∫‚¥¬√«¡„πÕ“À“√‡À≈«∑’Ë„™âª√‘¡“≥πÈ”μ“≈μà“ß°—π¡’§à“

·μ°μà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ (p_≤ 0.05) §à“§–·π𧫓¡™Õ∫¥â“π ’ ·≈–°≈‘Ëπ¢â“«„πÕ“À“√‡À≈«∑’Ë„™âª√‘¡“≥

πÈ”μ“≈μà“ß°—π‰¡à¡’§«“¡·μ°μà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ (p _> 0.05) ·≈–§à“§–·π𧫓¡™Õ∫¥â“𧫓¡Àπ◊¥

√ À«“π ·≈–√ ™“μ‘‚¥¬√«¡„πÕ“À“√‡À≈« ”‡√Á®√Ÿª∑’Ë„™âª√‘¡“≥πÈ”μ“≈∑√“¬√âÕ¬≈– 2.998 ·≈–´Ÿ§√“‚≈ 

√âÕ¬≈– 0.002 ( ‘Ëß∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë 3) ‰¡à¡’§«“¡·μ°μà“ß°—π°—∫°“√„™âª√‘¡“≥πÈ”μ“≈∑√“¬√âÕ¬≈– 5 ( ‘Ëß∑¥≈Õß

∑’Ë 1, control) Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ (p_>0.05) ¥—ßπ—Èπ Ÿμ√∑’Ë„™âπÈ”μ“≈∑√“¬√âÕ¬≈– 2.998 ·≈–·≈–´Ÿ§√“‚≈ 

√âÕ¬≈– 0.002  “¡“√∂≈¥°“√„™âπÈ”μ“≈∑√“¬ ·≈–„™â “√∑¥·∑𧫓¡À«“π·∑π‰¥â ‚¥¬„Àâº≈§–·ππ

§«“¡™Õ∫‰¡à·μ°μà“ß°—∫ ‘Ëß∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë„™âπÈ”μ“≈∑√“¬‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«

μ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 º≈¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ° ª√‘¡“≥‡Õπ‰´¡å·Õ≈ø“-·Õ¡‘‡≈  ·≈–‡«≈“„π°“√¬àÕ¬¢â“«μàÕ ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”μ“≈√’¥‘«´å ·≈–§«“¡¢âπÀπ◊¥¢ÕßÕ“À“√‡À≈«

 ‘Ëß∑¥≈Õß ¢â“« ‡Õπ‰´¡å ‡«≈“¬àÕ¬ §«“¡Àπ◊¥ πÈ”μ“≈√’¥‘«´å

(°√—¡) (°√—¡) (π“∑’) (cP) (mg/mL)

1 5 0.5 5 1.96 6.47

2 25 0.5 5 49.40 27.16

3 5 1.5 5 2.08 5.69

4 25 1.5 5 32.16 38.58

5 5 0.5 25 2.07 8.27

6 25 0.5 25 10.50 35.03

7 5 1.5 25 1.89 10.46

8 25 1.5 25 26.58 49.24

9 5 1.0 15 1.90 5.33

10 25 1.0 15 45.24 31.98

11 15 0.5 15 5.94 14.72

12 15 1.5 15 5.97 26.40

13 15 1.0 5 4.79 28.17

14 15 1.0 25 4.63 29.95

15 15 1.0 15 5.12 32.74

16 15 1.0 15 4.70 29.95

17 15 1.0 15 5.16 31.22

μ“√“ß∑’Ë 4  ¡°“√§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ߧ«“¡Àπ◊¥ ·≈–πÈ”μ“≈√’¥‘«´åμàÕª√‘¡“≥¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ° ª√‘¡“≥

‡Õπ‰´¡å ·≈–‡«≈“„π°“√¬àÕ¬¢â“«

§à“§ÿ≥¿“æ  ¡°“√# (uncoded equation) Adj. R²

§«“¡Àπ◊¥ 16.36-1.28^*rice-12.62^*enzyme-0.44^*digestion+0.12^*rice² 0.844 -0.06^*rice^*digestion+0.82^* enzyme^*digestion

πÈ”μ“≈√’¥‘«´å -16.75+2.64^*rice+31.15^*enzyme-1.06^* digestion-0.06^*rice² 0.907 -16.25^*enzyme²+0.04^*digestion²+0.61^*rice^*enzyme

μ“√“ß∑’Ë 5 §–·π𧫓¡™Õ∫¢ÕߺŸâ∫√‘‚¿§μàÕº≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√‡À≈« ”‡√Á®√Ÿª®“°¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ° (n=50)  ‘Ëß∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë 1  ‘Ëß∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë 2  ‘Ëß∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë 3 πÈ”μ“≈√âÕ¬≈– 5 πÈ”μ“≈∑√“¬√âÕ¬≈– πÈ”μ“≈∑√“¬√âÕ¬≈–

§ÿ≥¿“æ (control) 1.747 ·≈–´Ÿ§√“‚≈  2.998 ·≈–´Ÿ§√“‚≈ 

√âÕ¬≈– 0.003 √âÕ¬≈– 0.002

§«“¡™Õ∫‚¥¬√«¡ 7.4_±0.8^a 6.9_±0.4^b 7.6_±0.6^a

 ’^ns 7.4_±0.5 7.2_±0.7 7.5_±0.5

°≈‘Ëπ¢â“«^ns 7.2_±0.6 7.1_±0.7 7.2_±0.6

§«“¡Àπ◊¥ 7.2_±0.6^a 6.9_±0.5^b 7.4_±0.6^a

√ À«“π 7.3_±0.6^a 6.3_±0.9^b 7.4_±0.6^a

√ ™“μ‘‚¥¬√«¡ 7.5_±0.6^a 6.8_±0.6^b 7.4_±0.5^a

μ—«Õ—°…√∑’Ëμà“ß°—π„π·π«πÕπ À¡“¬∂÷ß ¡’§à“·μ°μà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ (p_≤ 0.05) ns À¡“¬∂÷ß ‰¡à¡’§«“¡·μ°μà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ (p_> 0.05)

4.  ¿“«–∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡„π°“√¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ

®“°°“√π” Ÿμ√Õ“À“√‡À≈« ”‡√Á®√Ÿª®“°¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°∑’Ëæ—≤π“‰¥â ‰ªÀ“ ¿“«–∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡„π

°“√¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ·∫∫ Sterilization ¥â«¬ Water Retort ‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“∂÷ß°“√º≈‘μ„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å¡“°¢÷Èπ

„π°“√∑¥≈Õß°”À𥇫≈“„π°“√¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ ®–∑”°“√«—¥§à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘„π·μà≈–®ÿ¥¢Õß Water Retort ∑’ˇªìπ®ÿ¥

∑’Ë√âÕπ™â“∑’Ë ÿ¥ ·≈–«—¥§à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢≥–∑”°“√¶à“‡™◊Èե⫬™ÿ¥Õÿª°√≥å«—¥§à“ F₀ ‡æ◊ËÕ∑”°“√ª√–‡¡‘πº≈§à“ F₀

‰¥âº≈°“√∑¥≈Õߥ—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 ®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’ˉ¥â ‡¡◊ËÕ„™âÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘„π°“√¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ‡∑à“°—∫ 121 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬  come up time ‡∑à“°—∫ 7.24 π“∑’ æ∫«à“„™â‡«≈“„π°“√¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ‡∑à“°—∫ 17.64 π“∑’

√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ·≈–‡«≈“„π°√–∫«π°“√ Sterilization (F₀=6)

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0

00:00:00 00:07:12 00:14:24 00:21:36 00:28:48 00:36:00

Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ (Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ )

‡«≈“ (™—Ë«‚¡ß:π“∑’:«‘π“∑’)

®“°°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåª√‘¡“≥°√¥·Õ¡‘‚π„πÕ“À“√‡À≈«®“°¢â“«°Ë”ßÕ°æ∫«à“ ¡’ª√‘¡“≥≈‘«´’π øïπ‘≈

Õ–≈“π’π ‰Õ‚´≈‘«´’π ‰≈´’π ‡¡‰∑‚Õπ’π ∑√’‚Õπ’π ·≈–∑√‘ª‚μ‡øπ μ“¡≈”¥—∫ ¥—ßμ“√“ß∑’Ë 6 ´÷Ëߢ⓫∑’Ëπ”

¡“‡æ“–ßÕ°®–¡’§ÿ≥§à“∑“ßÕ“À“√ Ÿß°«à“„π¢â“«ª°μ‘ ‚¥¬‡©æ“– GABA ·≈–¬—ߺ≈‘μ°√¥·Õ¡‘‚π∑’Ë√à“ß°“¬

‰¡à “¡“√∂ —߇§√“–ÀåÀ√◊Õ √â“߉¥â§◊Õ ‰πÕ–´’π ·≈–‰≈´’π‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ 4 ‡∑à“ ´÷Ëß°√¥·Õ¡‘‚ππ’ș૬‡ √‘¡ √â“ß

·≈–´àÕ¡·´¡ à«π∑’Ë ÷°À√Õ¢Õß√à“ß°“¬ [25]  ”À√—∫ª√‘¡“≥«‘μ“¡‘π ·≈–·√à∏“μÿ„πº≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√

‡À≈« ”‡√Á®√Ÿª®“°¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°∑’Ëæ—≤π“‰¥â‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫ª√‘¡“≥«‘μ“¡‘π ·≈–·√à∏“μÿμ“¡¢âÕ°”Àπ¥

§«“¡μâÕß°“√æ≈—ßß“π ·≈– “√Õ“À“√∑’˺Ÿâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ§«√‰¥â√—∫„π·μà≈–«—π (√âÕ¬≈– 10 Thai RDI) æ∫«à“

„πÕ“À“√‡À≈«∑’Ëæ—≤π“‰¥â‡ªìπÕ“À“√®“°¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ° ”‡√Á®√Ÿª ¡’ª√‘¡“≥«‘μ“¡‘π ·≈–·√à∏“μÿ§√∫∂â«πμ“¡

¢âÕ°”Àπ¥ª√‘¡“≥ “√Õ“À“√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß∑’˧«√‰¥â√—∫ª√–®”«—π ”À√—∫§π‰∑¬ æ.». 2546 (Thai RDI, 2546)

¥—ßμ“√“ß∑’Ë 7

μ“√“ß∑’Ë 6 ª√‘¡“≥°√¥·Õ¡‘‚π„πº≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√‡À≈« ”‡√Á®√Ÿª®“°¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°

™π‘¥°√¥·Õ¡‘‚π ª√‘¡“≥ (μàÕÕ“À“√ ™π‘¥°√¥·Õ¡‘‚π ª√‘¡“≥ (μàÕÕ“À“√

‡À≈« 250 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘μ√) ‡À≈« 250 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘μ√)

Õ–≈“π’π 116.77 ≈‘«´’π 571.67

Õ“√å®’π’π _<5.00 ‰≈´’π 152.02

°√¥·Õ ª“√åμ‘° 168.10 ‡¡∑‚∏‚Õπ’π 102.77

´’ ∑’π _<5.00 øïπ‘≈Õ–≈“π’π 536.52

°√¥°≈Ÿμ“¡‘° 329.05 ‚æ√≈’π 294.27

‰°≈´’π 84.07 ´’√’π 79.15

Œ’ ∑’¥’π 73.67 ∑√’‚Õπ’π 90.67

‰Œ¥√Õ°´’‰≈´’π _<5.00 ∑√‘ª‚μ‡øπ 84.25

‰Œ¥√Õ°´’‚æ√≈’π _<5.00 ‰∑‚√´’π 223.72

‰Õ‚´≈‘«´’π 418.45

μ“√“ß∑’Ë 7 ª√‘¡“≥«‘μ“¡‘π ·≈–·√à∏“μÿ„πº≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√‡À≈« ”‡√Á®√Ÿª®“°¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°

«‘μ“¡‘π ·≈–·√à∏“μÿ ª√‘¡“≥ (μàÕÕ“À“√‡À≈« 250 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘μ√) √âÕ¬≈– 10 Thai RDI

«‘μ“¡‘π A 0.1 0.07

«‘μ“¡‘π B1 0.16 0.12

«‘μ“¡‘π B12 0.00035 0.00024

«‘μ“¡‘π B2 0.325 0.13

«‘μ“¡‘π B3 (Niacin) 3.4 1.60

«‘μ“¡‘π B6 0.5 0.20

«‘μ“¡‘π D 0.0013 0.001

«‘μ“¡‘π E 3.25 1.5

·§≈‡´’¬¡ (Ca) 160.25 100

‡À≈Á° (Fe) 2.255 1.04

·¡°π’‡´’¬¡ (Mg) 62.5 30

·¡ß°“π’  (Mn) 0.5375 0.23

øÕ øÕ√—  (P) 199 70

‚æ·∑ ‡´’¬¡ (K) 286.5 -

®“°°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ∑“ߪ√– “∑ —¡º— ¢ÕßÕ“À“√‡À≈« ”‡√Á®√Ÿª®“°¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°∑’Ë æ—≤𓉥âæ∫«à“ §à“§–·π𧫓¡™Õ∫„π§ÿ≥≈—°…≥–¥â“𧫓¡™Õ∫‚¥¬√«¡  ’ °≈‘Ëπ¢â“« §«“¡Àπ◊¥ √ À«“π

√ ™“μ‘‚¥¬√«¡¢Õߺ≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫§«“¡™Õ∫ª“π°≈“ß (7.4-7.5) ¥—ßμ“√“ß∑’Ë 8

μ“√“ß∑’Ë 8 §–·π𧫓¡™Õ∫¢ÕߺŸâ∫√‘‚¿§μàÕº≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√‡À≈« ”‡√Á√√Ÿª®“°¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ° (n=100)

≈—°…≥–§ÿ≥¿“æ §–·π𧫓¡™Õ∫

§«“¡™Õ∫‚¥¬√«¡ 7.5 _± 0.6

 ’ 7.5 _± 0.5

°≈‘Ëπ¢â“« 7.4 _± 0.6

§«“¡Àπ◊¥ 7.4 _± 0.6

√ À«“π 7.4 _± 0.6

√ ™“μ‘‚¥¬√«¡ 7.5 _± 0.6

®“°°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå ¡∫—μ‘∑“ß°“¬¿“æ ‡§¡’ ·≈–∑“ߥâ“π®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å¢ÕßÕ“À“√‡À≈« ”‡√Á®√Ÿª®“°

¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°æ∫«à“ º≈‘μ¿—≥±å∑’Ëæ—≤π“‰¥â¡’ ’πÈ”μ“≈ ‚¥¬¡’§à“ ’ L^*, C^* ·≈– h^* ‡∑à“°—∫ 35.85, 10.83

·≈– 52.34 μ“¡≈”¥—∫ ¡’§«“¡Àπ◊¥¡’§à“‡∑à“°—∫ 4.68 cP ´÷Ëß„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫º≈‘μ¿—≥±å„π∑âÕßμ≈“¥

(5.65-6.25 cP) º≈‘μ¿—≥±å∑’Ëæ—≤π“‰¥â¡’æ≈—ßß“π‡∑à“°—∫ 104.09 °‘‚≈·§≈Õ√’μàÕ 100 °√—¡ ‚¥¬¡’§«“¡™◊Èπ

‚ª√μ’π ‰¢¡—π ‡∂â“ „¬Õ“À“√ ·≈–§“√å‚∫‰Œ‡¥√μ‡∑à“°—∫√âÕ¬≈– 76.50, 2.10, 2.89, 1.09, 6.58 ·≈– 10.84 μ“¡≈”¥—∫ ‰¡àæ∫®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ·≈–¬’ μå·≈–√“ ¥—ßμ“√“ß∑’Ë 9 ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‰ªμ“¡‡°≥±å¡“μ√∞“πº≈‘μ¿—≥±å

™ÿ¡™ππÈ”¢â“«°≈âÕß

μ“√“ß∑’Ë 9 §ÿ≥¿“æ¥â“π‡§¡’ °“¬¿“æ ·≈–∑“ß®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å¢ÕßÕ“À“√‡À≈« ”‡√Á®√Ÿª®“°¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°∑’˺à“π

°“√¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ

§à“§ÿ≥¿“æ §à“∑’Ë«‘‡§√“–À剥â

DPPH (IC₅₀, g/mL) 1.53 _± 0.00

ABTS (IC₅₀, g/mL) 0.51 _± 0.03

§à“ ’ L^* 35.85 _± 0.41

C^* 10.83 _± 0.04

h_° 52.34 _± 0.58

§«“¡Àπ◊¥ (cP) 4.68 _± 0.86

®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ (cfu/g sample) _<10

¬’ μå ·≈–√“ (cfu/g sample) _<10

 √ÿª·≈–Õ¿‘ª√“¬º≈

 ¿“«–∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡„π°“√æ—≤π“º≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√‡À≈« ”‡√Á®√Ÿª§◊բ⓫°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ°√âÕ¬≈– 15 ª√‘¡“≥‡Õπ‰´¡å·Õ≈ø“-·Õ¡‘‡≈ √âÕ¬≈– 1.5 ·≈–‡«≈“„π°“√¬àÕ¬¢â“« 25 π“∑’ ·≈– “¡“√∂≈¥°“√„™â πÈ”μ“≈∑√“¬‰¥â‚¥¬„™âπÈ”μ“≈∑√“¬√âÕ¬≈– 2.998 ·≈–´Ÿ§√“‚≈ √âÕ¬≈– 0.002 º≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√‡À≈«

 ”‡√Á®√Ÿª®“°¢â“«°Ë”‡æ“–ßÕ° ”À√—∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ¡’ “√Õ“À“√√«¡∑—Èß«‘μ“¡‘π·≈–·√à∏“μÿ μ“¡¢âÕ°”Àπ¥ª√‘¡“≥

 “√Õ“À“√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß∑’˧«√‰¥â√—∫ª√–®”«—π ”À√—∫§π‰∑¬ ¡’§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡μ“¡À≈—°‡°≥±å«‘∏’°“√º≈‘μÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’

§«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥μË”∫√√®ÿ„π¿“™π–∑’˪π‘∑ ¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ∑“ߪ√– “∑ —¡º— ‡ªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫¢ÕߺŸâ∫√‘‚¿§ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ

·≈–ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ “√μâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–

°‘μμ‘°√√¡ª√–°“»

¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥ ”π—°ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√«‘®—¬·Ààß™“μ‘ ·≈– ”π—°ß“πæ—≤π“°“√‡°…μ√ (Õߧ尓√¡À“™π)  ”À√—∫∑ÿπ π—∫ πÿπß“π«‘®—¬

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß

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°“√§“¥ª√–¡“≥ª√–™“°√¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ 2533-2563. Àπâ“ 17-19.

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3. Huang, D; Ou, B; Hampsch, M; Flanagan, A. J; & Deemer, E. K. 2002. Development and Validation of Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity Assay for Lipophilic Antioxidants Using Randomly Methylated -Cyclodextrin as the Solubility Enhancer. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 50(7): 1815-1821.

4. ¡—≥±π“ π§√‡√’¬∫ ·≈–‰¡μ√’  ÿ∑∏®‘μμå. 2555.  “√惰…‡§¡’„π‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«‡À𒬫¥” ·≈–ª√–‚¬™πå

∑’Ë¥’μàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ. «“√ “√π‡√»«√æ–‡¬“. 5(1): 28-35.

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Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal. 15(2): 293-303.

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8. »ÿ¿πÿ™ „ à·ªß π‘√¡≈ Õÿμ¡Õà“ß ·≈–¬ÿ∑∏π“ æ‘¡≈»‘√‘º≈. 2553. º≈¢Õß ¿“«–„π°“√·™à¢â“«μàÕ ¡∫—μ‘

∑“߇§¡’°“¬¿“æ¢Õß·ªÑߢ⓫°≈âÕßÀÕ¡¡–≈‘·¥ßßÕ°. „π ‡Õ° “√°“√ª√–™ÿ¡∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß

¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…μ√»“ μ√å §√—Èß∑’Ë 48:  “¢“Õÿμ “À°√√¡‡°…μ√. °√ÿ߇∑æœ. Àπâ“ 100-107.

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10. Jannoey, P; Niamsup, H; Lumyong, S; Suzuki, T; Katayama, T. & Chairote, G. 2010.

Comparison of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Production in Thai Rice Grains. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 26: 257-263.

11. Phimolsiripol, Y; Siripatrawan, U; & Henry, C. J. K. 2011. Pasting Behaviour, Textural Properties and Freeze-Thaw Stability of Wheat Flour-Crude Malva Nut (Scaphium scaphigerum) Gum System. Journal of Food Engineering. 105: 557-562.

12.  ÿ∑—»πå  ÿ√–«—ß. 2552. §Ÿà¡◊ժؑ∫—μ‘°“√°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå§ÿ≥¿“æ„π°“√æ—≤π“º≈‘μ¿—≥±å. ¿“§«‘™“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’

°“√æ—≤π“º≈‘μ¿—≥±å §≥–Õÿμ “À°√√¡‡°…μ√ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡™’¬ß„À¡à.

13.  ÿ∑—»πå  ÿ√–«—ß  ÿ√‘π∑√åæ√ »√’‰æ√ π∏‘Ï  ÿ®‘𥓠»√’«—≤π– ‡¡∏‘π’ ‡Àà«´÷Ë߇®√‘≠ ‰æ‚√®πå «‘√‘¬®“√’ ·≈–π‘∏‘¬“

√—μπ“ªππ∑å. 2550. °√–∫«π°“√∑”Õ“À“√‡À≈« ”‡√Á®√Ÿª ”À√—∫ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ. ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡™’¬ß„À¡à.

14. Manthey, J. A. 2004. Fractionation of Orange Peel Phenols in Ultrafiltered Molasses and Mass Balance Studies of Their Antioxidant Levels. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 52(25): 7586-7592.

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16. Õ√æ‘π ‡°‘¥™Ÿ™◊Ëπ ≥—Ø∞“ ‡≈“À°ÿ≈®‘μμå ·≈–Õ√∑—¬ ‚°°‘≈°π‘…∞. 2556. º≈¢Õßæ’‡Õ™·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢Õß πÈ”∑’Ë„™â·™à‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«μàÕ§ÿ≥§à“∑“ßÕ“À“√¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕßßÕ°æ—π∏ÿ墓«¥Õ°¡–≈‘ 105. «“√ “√«‘®—¬ ¡ ¥  “¢“«‘∑¬“»“ μ√å·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’. 6(1): 171-186.

17. Alpi, A; & Beervers, H. 1983. Effects of O₂ Concentration on Rice Seedlings. Plant Physiology. (71): 30-34.

18. æ—™√“¿√≥å √—μπ∏√√¡ ≥—Ø∞“ ‡≈“À°ÿ≈®‘μμå ·≈– Õ√æ‘π ‡°‘¥™Ÿ™◊Ëπ. 2556.  “√ª√–°Õ∫øïπÕ≈‘° ·Õπ‚∑

‰´¬“π‘π ·≈– ¡∫—μ‘°“√μâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–¢Õߢ⓫°≈âÕß ’ßÕ°. «“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ μ√凰…μ√. 44(2):

442-444.

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Polymeric Procyanidinsas Radical-scavenging Components in Red-hulled Rice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 50: 7524-7529.

20. ®—°√æß…å ‚ «–æ—π∏å °¡≈«√√≥ ·®âß™—¥ ·≈–æ—™√’ μ—Èßμ√–°Ÿ≈. 2554. º≈¢Õß ¿“æ°“√ßÕ°μàÕ ¡∫—μ‘

§«“¡Àπ◊¥ ·≈–ª√‘¡“≥ GABA ¢Õß·ªÑߢ⓫°≈âÕßßÕ°∑’˺≈‘μ®“°¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ°. „π ‡Õ° “√°“√ª√–™ÿ¡

∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…μ√»“ μ√å §√—Èß∑’Ë 49:  “¢“Õÿμ “À°√√¡‡°…μ√. °√ÿ߇∑æœ.

Àπâ“ 250-257.

21. ™π‘…Æ“ «ß»å∫“ °å °¡≈«√√≥ ·®âß™—¥ Õπÿ«—μ√ ·®âß™—¥ æ—™√’ μ—Èßμ√–°Ÿ≈ ·≈– ÿ§π∏√  ∏“¥“°‘μμ‘ “√.

2552. º≈¢Õß ¿“«–„π°“√ßÕ°∑’Ë¡’μàÕ ¡∫—μ‘∑“ß°“¬¿“æ·≈–∑“߇§¡’¢Õߢ⓫‡À𒬫°≈âÕßßÕ°. „π

‡Õ° “√°“√ª√–™ÿ¡∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…μ√»“ μ√å §√—Èß∑’Ë 47:  “¢“Õÿμ “À°√√¡‡°…μ√.

°√ÿ߇∑æœ. Àπâ“ 630-638.

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LWT-Food Science and Technology. 43: 784-791.

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New York.

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25.  ”π—°ß“πæ—≤π“°“√«‘®—¬°“√‡°…μ√. 2558. °≈ÿࡺ≈‘μ¿—≥±å·ª√√Ÿª®“°‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«. ‰¥â®“° http://

www.arda.or.th/kasetinfo/rice/rice_product/rice-product1_3.html. 10 ¡’π“§¡ 2558.

‰¥â√—∫∫∑§«“¡«—π∑’Ë 18 ¡’π“§¡ 2558

¬Õ¡√—∫μ’æ‘¡æå«—π∑’Ë 15 情¿“§¡ 2558