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Passive Low Energy Cooling of Tropical House
Suthat Yiemwattana1, * Kornticha Oonprai1
1 "!%&ก '!%&ก !( ).*'+,ก 65000
1 Department of Architecture ,Faculty of Architecture , Naresuan University, Phitsanulok,65000
* Corresponding author E-mail address:[email protected]
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Abstract
Passive low energy cooling of tropical house is the applied research, aimed to investigatemodification strategies for thermal comfort in local houses. Architectural design concepts covering site planning, spatial characteristics (e.g. span, height), the size and placement of openings, roof types, as well as building materials were examined to identify the impact of these physical factors on the residents’ thermal comfort.
The result of this research found that many characteristics of local houses in Paikhonam Village, a study site, could be defined as the passive cooling methods. Natural ventilation system and heat gain prevention were main methods. The house’s characteristics that encouraged air ventilation were open plan, high roof, raised ground floor, and a number of windows which increased fresh air movement. The passive method of heat gain prevention was found in large roof overhangs and the selection of high heat resistant materials such as wood wall and terracotta pavement. The large overhangs provided shading to a house, the surface area exposed to the solar radiation therefore decreased. In addition, wood and terracotta had low capacity in storing and absorbing heat, the use of these materials can therefore protect the building from receiving excess heat.
Unfortunately, modern materials tended to replace these traditional energy- efficient materials. Almost all houses’ roofs in the village were changed from wood shingles to metal sheet, one of the most high thermal conductivity materials. Also, the height of gable roof was lowered in many houses; accelerating the rate of heat transfer.
Changes in roof form and roof material significantly increased heat storage and led to the reduction of comfortable temperature within the house. Apart from architectural components, behaviors and life-style were considered as the key factors in achieving thermal comfort. Wearing traditional vest, eating spicy and food vegetable, and regular drinking water all not only helped to release heat from body but also maintained biological equilibrium, resulting in a comfortable feeling. In conclusion, the concept of passive cooling methods found in local houses should be applied in contemporary houses mainly relied on mechanical cooling method that is air conditioning. High roofs with large overhangs, light weight wall with low heat absortion and large area of openings, raised ground floor allowing natural ventilation, and water features in house house surroundings are cooling solutions should be integratively used in order to decrease the electric demand of air conditioning use.
Keywords : thermal comfort; vernacular architecture; passive cooling method
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2010. ,. $(1ก " ",http //: www.thaiweather.net / 0 2$ / 2, 1 $ 1522552.
Olgyay,V. Design With Climate. Princeton,New Jersey : Princeton University Press ,
1969.
P.O. Fanger. Thermal Comfort Analysis and Application in Environmental Engineering. USA : McGraw-Hill ,1972
