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The Effect of ‘3 Self ’ Health Behavior Program to Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, Self-Regulation, Self-Care and the Blood Glucose in Pregnant Women at

Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus at the Lerdsin Hospital ¹

Nualpund Eamtrakul ²

Received: July 25, 2012 Accepted: September 26, 2012

Abstract

The objective of this quasi experimental research was to evaluate the effectiveness of 3 self health behavior program which are self-efficacy, self-regulation, self-care and the blood glucose in pregnant women at risk for developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). In this study, 100 pregnant women at risk for suffering from GDM visiting the ANC clinic of the Lerdsin Hospital participated in the study from January to August 2012. They were equally divided into two groups. The first group served as control group in that women were routinely informed about GDM and its health risks for about 15-20 minutes and in case their blood glucose level was 140 mg/dl they were transferred to the physician for receiving the appropriate treatment and follow clinical practice guideline. The second group was selected as the experimental group and exposed to the ‘3 self’’

methodology which are self-efficacy, self-regulation, self-care of patients, including attempts to increase perception about diabetes, starting exercise, and improve food consumption. The female who especially achieved the project’s goals was selected as ‘role model’ to give advise and encouragement to their counterparts. Results: 1) The average age of participants were 30 years, primipara, at the onset of their pregnancy in being less than three months pregnant. The educational background was below a bachelor degree. The risk factors for getting GDM were to be in the age

>30 years and being obese before getting pregnant. 2) The knowledge score of the experimental group about GDM, nutritional intake, risk factors, abnormal symptoms, exercise, and behavior during pregnancy was significantly higher than the control group (83.52 scores against 57.78 scores) (p<0.01). 3) The health behavior score of the experimental group about self-efficacy, self-regulation and self-care was higher than for the control group (56.56 scores against 39.54 scores) (p<0.01). 4) The physicians were to 100% satisfied how the females of the experimental group controlled their blood glucose levels while this was only the case for 47% of women from the control group. 5) Ninety six percent of the participants of the experimental group gained weight according to the weight standard (12-15 kg) while only 54% of the participants of the control group could reach that goal, the weight of the rest 46% increased above weight standard. 6) According to the pregnancy care record of the experimental group (at least 5 records) 85% of the women recorded their daily meal intake, exercised at least for 15 minutes daily, recorded their weight once a week , the movement of the fetus in utero, and satisfaction or abnormal symptoms during pregnancy. 7) The experimental group was more satisfied with the health program than the control group (89.5% and 57.78%) (p<0.01).

Keywords: 3 Self health behavior program, pregnant women, diabetes mellitus

1 Research Report was supported by the National Health Security Office (NHSO) Thailand

2 Senior professional nurse, Lerdsin hospital, Public Health ministry , E-mail: [email protected] , Tel. 668-9693-5636 , 662-353-9859

(2)

ISSN 2228-9453 Journal of Behavioral Science for Development Vol.5 No.1 January 2013 Page 130

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