Collaborative Problem-Based Learning Development with Scaffolding via Computer Network

(1)

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Collaborative Problem-Based Learning Development with Scaffolding via Computer Network

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Sanit Teemueangsai,¹ Monchai Taintong² and Supot Nitsuwat³

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@ ABACDEFBGHIJK 1) BHFGLMH LNOPQ RNSTHUVOHJKWO KIHCKG JK CPBL 2) I\H KIHCKGCLM CPBL 3) FIWKBH KIHCKGC LM CPBL 4) H H V]^BH FOBEOVLNH H QN H KIHCKGCLM CPBL EOVLNH H QN KMC MF 5) I_BIKR@WKBVLNH COKH KIHCKGCLM CPBL Q`H@ MOBHU 2 WACK aQNMO WACKBHFGLM CPBL QN HHQb MFWACK I\H KIHCKGCLM CPBL QN WACK ADDIE Model HJKBJKRNR@ aQNMO MKD MQK MFH KIHCKG EOCK OBRNR@ MOBHU 2 EO aQNMO EOVLNH T 4 EO OK 54 MFEOg_hPM KIHCKG 2 EO OK @` 52 V@ IO

LM CPBL KBGFK 2 QN JK QNPQL MFQNIMQNK `QNPQL FKQN PQL H LNPQ RNSTHU H LNO O Hg IH FHV iLN VLNH VLNK MFCQCOKJK MFQNIMQNK FKQN aH LNPQ RNSTHU aH LNO aO Hg IH WKBVLNK WKBVLNH FHVH EQH K HJKBJKE MFC@CI]CVLNH OVI\H KIHCKGCLM CPBL aQNH FILBOHjkGCiWKBHE MG VLNH TQHlCOKH KIHCKG CPBL K LORFQHF VLNH EOQKBH QN H KIHCKGI\W_AV]^BH LBO EOEH QN KMC MFVLNH I_BIKR@COKH KIHCKGCLMI\W_AK LOR FQ

%RR% : H O H LNPQ RNSTHU Hg IBH H O PQ RNSTHU H KIHCKGVOHJKWO

1 g_hTTHK WKIHCKGg_h jkC HPP IF@KHNIFHJK

2 .K.Q. (@ MFI\LC) KBgC@ G jFHPP Hg HPP IF@KHNIFHJK

3 Ph.D. (Computer Science) VLNO gC@ G jFHPP Hg HPP IF@KHNIFHJK CN 10 2553 BIIG 25 Hh 2553

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ABSTRACT

The objectives of this research were to 1) synthesize a model of Collaborative Problem-Based Learning via Computer Network (CPBL), 2) develop the CPBL computer instruction, 3) assess the efficiency of the computer instruction, 4) compare the achievement between the students who learned with the CPBL computer instruction and the students who had a regular class and 5) survey the satisfaction of students with the CPBL computer instruction. The research methodology consisted of two steps: the synthesis of CPBL step with Delphi technique and CPBL computer instruction development with ADDIE model. The research instrument consisted of questionnaire, quiz and computer instruction. The sample subjects were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of fifty four experts and divided into four sub-groups. The second group consisted of fifty two students and divided into two sub-groups.

The results of research indicated that the CPBL consisted of two components: a main module and an environmental component. The main module consisted of problem-based learning module, collaborative module, scaffolding module, assessment module, knowledge-based module, student module, coaching module and communication module. The environmental component consisted of mechanism of problem-based learning, mechanism of collaborative learning, mechanism of scaffolding, role of teacher, role of student, learning assessment, learning teaching package, tools-supported and monitoring of behavioral student. The results indicated that the value of the efficiency of the CPBL computer instruction was higher than the standard of Meguigans. The average opinion of the experts towards the CBPL computer instruction was high. The learning achievement of the students who studied with the CPBL computer instruction was significantly higher than those of studying in the regular class, and the average level of the satisfaction of the students with the CPBL computer instruction was high.

Keywords : Collaborative Learning, Problem-based Learning, Scaffolding, Collaborative Problem-based Learning, Computer Instruction

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RP EPCG aQNH MBK OB QHlABQNHghi@ HJKB B HPP MF

\ @_BHU EWKBBMOBH LNLNMFL STTDL`RNHUHJKBJK`TRHNB g IMFI\FHg g_h@_BHUR@`T@F VQFHgRNNLOgChROaQNK OBB EjI g_h@_BHU`TK OB BCNKBCF H PQ OKBBJKJKEOBMCOHJAKHU PQ LHUVLN

DO KQRNPQ CB aODI\VLNH RNEQN aQN ( C g , 2547 : 2)`RNHQlMFH BaOaQN I\HClCg I WQLwSBEjhjFI_B FBG HO RwxLNRwxH QHFG RNHCEV RMNST FH MFyJKC G HU CN K@AKWKBL BRNKLNPQ RNHUCCAB aO _QVLNH HUCCAB aOD`RN VLNH HVTMFMNSTRC@BaQN (`B jFg_hMOBC, 2545 : 33)

(3)

H LNPQ RNSTHU (PBL) HU H K_BHFRMNSTQB O PQ EOBNBHWNR@MFBMNST PQ P@ GSTHU@EQHCNWKBFH LN `RN I\hFMNSTQN HCEV MFJN WNKLCNKBHIJKRN`MNST (Barrow and Tamblyn, 1980 : 15)

`Hl@WKBH LNPQ RNSTHU@F W_AK LOw{wWKBVLNH BaOLN HVTSTQN CHKB K@@FHQNKMN STK@aOHQNN MF FCENRNHQH LNQN CHKB QBAVLNK@FCNKB hF@`HUHIJKFCENVLNH AMF`MB HC MOBWNKLRNINKHIJKEVLNH (E KBHJAKMWlB, 2548 : 33) y_BHO HJKVLNH hjFAH O O Hg IH (Scaffolding) HU F`RNVLNH DMNSTJKE H| K LOHJKI WKBVLNH @F`aQNQN CHKB MCO@F`aQNHJKaQNO HJK (Wood, et. al.

1976: 90)PQ CWKBH LNPQ RNSTHU

@F`Hl@aQNCNKBHQ@OJKWKBVLNH HIJKHI FIWKB@H LN (Chernobilsky, et. al.

2005: 61) PQ @QRNVLNH aQNH LNOHUEO OK EOORH LNMF`Hl@WKBEO

`RNHQFCJKJKNRH HF`

MNSTyyNK EOBRNVLNH hFQNB MOBSLNMFFjGWKBVLNH MCOF (I KBQHg, 2547 : 2)`RNVLNH hFQNRNHCEV MFhFQNJK (Barkley, et. al. 2004 : 22-23) y_BH`BORhjFAH O H LN MOJK (Collaborative Learning)

PI\MFNNK OBQHl HPP ROHQW_AMFHCPCa I\

LM I\H LNMFNBB MOBH LN @_B@`HUCNKB`HPP RNHIJKI\

EjIH K (`BjFg_h MOBC, 2545 : 22) HPP HJKWO KIHCKG S@@EFI BW_A @_BDL`RNHUHJKBJK HIJKI\MFERBQNH KW_A ( KhG, 2549 : 3) y_B@FHUHKJAKFP G RNVLNH M@Fg_hHJAK@H PQ CBHI B MOBHQ aQNDLH a VLNH Dg_hHJAK

@MOBKJ `RNHQ RH LN HQ EMOBH LNW_A OBVRNHQF@ PKB g_hMFHQHKBg_hO MCOOK (CG H KB, 2548 : 33)

N F@FH LNPQ RN STHUVOHJKWO KIHCKG JK HQPK RNIGVLNKJHIJKH LN PQ aO@`HUCNKB K LORHHQ JKDHQ V`RNHQ IGBQFOB DH LNOaQN QWNK@`QRQNMCCOBFOBH D MF VLNHWNO@ ( KhG, 2549 : 3-4) HJKBJKE HO `HKWNK

@`KBDjG QPK C D`HK DjGJKSTRNVLN DHlIaQNQH@

K@A BDHJKP BMOBWNKLJKI

`TOBHNN IGSTaQN (IBhG K, 2546 : 4-5)

MNO@QH HJKWO @FWNKQ F MCO BIOVLNH BO BFSTR H HO HQNHROJK HJKB@

VLNH REOCABR@@FH MCCOB (Barkley,

et. al. 2004 : 24) VLNH K@HQaOR@ JKaORN

R@@FHWNO@ MFK@gCRB

@_B`RN@QH KaOF`Hl@

HO (I KBQHg, 2547 : 2) H LNPQ RN STHUHJKWO KIHCKGRBCMN EOB R@QHJKB@HQPKRNVLNH

(4)

K OBaO@`Q VLNH K@@FHJKH LNBB MFK@@F aQNMF`NK Ha@F`RNEH| WKB H VLNH K@@FBH MNSTWKBCHKB y_BK@HQ@MF`VQJKaOFI @F`RN VLNH LN_BMFFABH a (He, et. al. 2002 : 1)

@ISTOWNBCN VLN@ @_B R@@F`g_hQHl@VLNH T H MB@QH K `H LN MOJKPQ RNSTHUVOHJKWO KIHCKG PQ RNHHQb (Delphi Technique) HIJKRNaQNWNKLKEQHlMFKQNKB WKBVLNH T HUMBRI\LMH KHF DRNB@BaQNK OB FI MFHIJK FQEjIg_hRN CiQW_ACOKa

)WL K#%* M

1. HIJKBHFGLMH LNOPQ RNSTHUVOHJKWO KIHCKG (CPBL)

2. HIJKI\H KIHCKGCLM CPBL BHFGW_A

3. HIJKFIWKBH KIHCKG CLM CPBL BHFGW_A

4. HIJKH H V]^BH FOBEOVLNH H QN H KIHCKGC LM CPBL EOVLNH H QN H M C

5. HIJKI_BIKR@WKBVLNH COK H KIHCKGCLM CPBL BHFGW_A

) X M

1. QHlWKBVLNH TCOKLM CPBL K LORFQHF

2. QHlWKBVLNH TCOKH KIHCKGCLM CPBL K LORFQHF

3. H KIHCKGCLM CPBL BHFGW_A FILBO 1.00 CHjkG CiWKBHE MG (Meguigans)

4. V]^BH FOBEOVLNH H QN H KIHCKGCLM CPBL BHFGW_A OH LBOEOVLNH H QN H KMC FQ `TBDC .01

5. I_BIKR@WKBVLNH COKH KIHCKGCLM CPBL BHFGW_A K LORFQ

('() M

1. @ ABAHUBHFGLM CPBL MF`LMaQNaRNHUCMRI\

H KIHCKG PQ RNHJAKHW PM hKIHCKG 1 4124202 LCW KIHCKG LC IEg 2547

2. CMg_h

2.1 CMKF aQNMO LM CPBL MF H KIHCKG

2.2 CMC aQNMO QHl VLNH T FIWKBH KIHCKG V]^BH MFI_BIKR@WKBVLNH

(5)

YR M

WACKQ`H@ FKQN 2 WACK QBMVI 1

$" 1 WACKQ`H@

1. WACKBHFGLM CPBL PQ RN

@ QN HHQb WACK OK aQNMO 1.1 g_hWNKLMFIST

1.2 `QKMQ WKBLM CPBL FKQN `@`Q CDEFBG MF H| WKBLM

1.3 `QFHQlST@ VLN@ aQN

`QFHQlSTNB HIJKg_hQHl QNCOB H LM@VLNH T HIJKRNI jG IRKCWKBLM PQ `QFHQl`D aQNMO IaWKBLM aH LNPQ RNSTHU aH LNO aO Hg IH VLNK VLNH FHV EQH HJKBJKE HCQCVLNH STKE MFWNKHKMF

1.4 NBHJKBJKHlWNKL HU NBMKDM HQ@FHQlST QBO `HlWNKLRK 1

1.5 QHJKEOVLNH T VLN@ aQN QHJKVLNH TQNCOB FjGaONK O 5 HIJKFQQHlH KBGFKCOB WKB LM@FI\W_A PQ RNHHQb @` 22 y_BFKQN VLNH TWCOB aQNMO QN@Q H KMH LNPQ RNSTHU @` 8 QN@QH KMH LNOMF O Hg IBH @` 8 MFQN

@QH KHJKWO KIHCKG @` 6 1.6 `@WNKLK 1 RNMKD M HQ HlWNKL @VLNH T RNH 2-3 QG

1.7 K 2 RNMKDMFj O (Rating Scale) PQ BHFG@QHlVLNH ABQRK 1 RNVLNH TaQNI@jCQR@RMCO FFHQl

1.8 K 3 hjFHOHQ K 2 INKABMQBO i I FOB KaG MF`CK WKBVLNH TOBaRNI@jCQJK J QHlHQ

1.9 EV`@WNKL MF`_h K@ G_h

1.10 `HKLM VLN@ aQN`HK LM RFEFQCQNKIHCKGMF HPP Hg HJKB "LMH LNOPQ RN STHUVOHJKWO KIHCKG" ( CHJKByN MFjF, 2551 : 179)

2. WACKI\H KIHCKGC LM CPBL BHFGW_A CWACKWKBLM ADDIE @` 5 WACK OK (CG H KB, 2548 : 97) aQNMO

#%K* CPBL g_hWNKLMFIST

`QKMQ

`QHQlST QHJKVLNH T

NBHJKBJKMFHlWNKL EMF`HKLM

%' )'*) CPBL HFG

KKM I\

QKBRN FHV

(6)

2.1 HFG QBA 2.1.1 `QHJAK 2.1.2 `QEOVLNH H|

2.1.3 g_hHJKBJK`I\

2.1.4 HFGCDEFBGHB I]C

2.1.5 HFGHJAK 2.1.6 NBMQK 2.2 KKM QBA

2.2.1 WN K ` Q B H FKQN QN FKQN

1) HH LNPQ RN STHU CLM CPBL y_BMOBHU 3 WACK aQNMO WAHC WAFMNST MFWA FHV

2) HH LNO VLN@ RNHMOBEOV]^ JK STAD WACK

@QH LN FKQN 5 WACK aQNMO WACK

`HK WAH HUEO OK WAQK OK WARN FMI\ MFWA OKBEO ( CHJKByN MFjF, 2552 W : 5)

3) HHgI

BH VLN@ RNHHgIBH 4 MWKB b @`M aQNMO QNQ KQ QN EG QNQ MFQNF VLN@ aQN`

KKMMCOFQNMQN IGCLKH 3 C HIJKQ_BQLQR@MF@Q@`WKBVLNH QN JK QN IVLNH TMCOFQNMWNK ( CHJKByN MFjF, 2552 : 8)

2.3 I\ FKQN 2.3.1 HC 2.3.2 NBH

2.3.3 `HKFKH 2.4 QKBRN

2.4.1 QKBRN E 2.4.2 QKBRNEO OK

2.4.3 QKBRNVLNH TQN HMFQNHJAKWKBH KIHCKG HIJKFH HFQN MKD

2.5 FHV

2.5.1 QKBRNEO CK OB @ ABAHU@ HBQKB PQ RNM MVQKBM Pretest Posttest Control Group Design (CG , 2548 W : 148-149) PQ MOBEOCK OB KKHUEOQKB (ER) H QN H KIHCKG CLM CPBL @` 26 MFEOE (CR) HUVLNH H QN KC @` 26

2.5.2 `@I_BIKR@WKBEO QKB

2.5.3 HFGMFEVQKB

KKL)'#

@ RABAMOBHU 2 EO QBA

1. KL$ MOBKK 4 EO OK QBA

1.1 EOVLNH TQNLM CPBL @ O Bg_hWKBiFjGaONK O 5 MFQHJKHUEOCK OBPQ H@F@BC H T aQNEOCK OB@` 22 FKQN VLNH TEO OK QBA

1.2 EOVLNH TQNHJAKMFK FjGQNKR HW PM hKIHCKG @DKEQg_hWKBi QHJK HUEOCK OBPQ H@F@B aQNEOCK OB@` 12

1.3 EOVLNH TQNHMF WKBH KIHCKG FjGQNH

@QH KVOHJKWO KIHCKG @

(7)

DKEQg_hWKBi QHJKHUEOCK OBPQ H@F@B aQNEOCK OB@` 5

1.4 EOVLNH TQNHJAKWKBH KIHCKG HUVLNFjGQNKR HW PMhKIHCKG @DKEQg_hWKB i QHJKHUEOCK OBPQ H@F@B aQNEOCK OB

@` 5

2. KL![\ HUg_hBQ PM KIHCKG jF gCGMF HPP BFH H HW PMKIHCKG 1 RH 1/2552 @` 3 LOH ABQ 75 QHJKEO CK OBPQ HIFH@F@B aQNEOCK OB 2 LOH ABQ 52 MOBHU 2 EO QBA

L 1 EOQKB HUEOVLNH H QN H KIHCKGC CPBL @` 26

L 2 EOE HUVLNH H QN H KC @` 26

%&'#&' M

HJKBRNR@ QBA

1. MKD@ aQNMO MKD QHlVLNH TQN HHQb MFH HFWKBCDEFBGHJAK MFH KQNKBFOBCDEFBGMQK MFH HFQNHMFHJAK MFMKD I_BIKR@WKBVLNH

WACKNBMKD WACK aQNMO

`QKCDEFBG NBMKD `HKK _h C@KHJKWKBMKD

2. MQK WACKNB WACK aQNMO NBMQKCCDEFBGHBI]C C@KH BCB QKEjIMQK

HIJKO BO OK`@@`M MFOHJK MFQHJKMQKOKMFBH

3. H KIHCKGCLM CPBL WACKNBCWACKWKBLM ADDIE

]('

@ RABA VLN@ aQN`HlWNKL HIJK`RNRB@ FHK QQBA

1. HlWNKL@VLNH T WACKQBA

1.1 CQCOKFBa BVLNH T 1.2 Q`HWKBJKMCOBCABVLNH T 1.3 OBMKDa BVLNH T PQ RN CCNKBMFFQWKBVLNH T aQNMO OBBahj G MKDMKKaG

@Q KHlKG MF`OBQN CVLN@ HKB

1.4 MKDJ@VLNH T PQ RNCCNKBMFFQWKB VLNH T aQNMO OBBahj G CK MKDMKKaG @Q KHlKG MF VLN@ aMKDQN CHKB

2. HlWNKL@VLNH HUEO CK OB VLN@ aQNQ`HCWACKQBA

2.1 HlWNKLHUFMQKOK H PQ RNVLNH HUEOQKBMFEOE`

MQKOKH

2.2 HlWNKLFOB@Q@ VLN@

aQN`H KIHCKGI\W_AaRNEOQKB 2.3 HlWNKLB@Hl@A@Q H K aQNMO FM`MQKBH WKB VLNH AB 2 EOMFI_BIKR@WKBEOQKBB@

H QN H KIHCKGPQ RNMKD

(8)

%K*('

VLN@ aQNRNDCHIJKHFGWNKL QBA 1. HFGWNKLMKDWKBH HQb K 2 MF 3 DCRNHFGWNKL QBA

1.1 O i (Median) WKBFM CKMKDMCOFWNK

1.2 OKaG (Quartile) HIJKQ F@ WKBWNKL

1.3 OI FOBKaG (Interquartile Range) HIJKQF@ WKBWNKL

2. HFGWNKLMFEjIMQK 2.1 OH BCB (Validity) 2.2 O BO (Difficulty) 2.3 OK`@@`M (Discrimination) 2.4 OHJK (Reliability) PQ RN LC`jCWKBLHQKGGQ (Kuder - Richardson) RNLC : KR-20

3. HFGHJKWKBMKD QHlWKBVLNH T PQ RNF^MKb (α-Conefficient) WKBK (Cronbach)

4. HFGFIWKBH KIHCKG PQ RNFICHjkGWKB HE MG (Meguigans)

5. HFGH H V]^B H FOBEOQKBEOE PQ QK MCCOBWKBFMH WKBEOCK OB AB 2 EO PQ QKO (t-test)

$ M

V@ QBA

1. VBHFGLM CPBL VLN@ aQN`

BHFG@QHlKQNKB WKBVLNH T @` 22 PQ RNHHQb MN

`@QIGWKBKBGFKaD

`BFK OBBC @aQNKBGFK 2 QN aQNMO QNPQL MFQNIMQNKWKBLM FHK QQBA

1.1 QNPQL FKQN 8 PQL QBA

1.1.1 PQLH LNPQ RNSTHU (PBL Module) `NEHJKBJK`

@QH KCWKBH LNPQ RNST HU @QIMQNKHKJAKCOKH QNCHKB MF EFMNSTK OBHUF

1.1.2 PQLH MOJK (Collaborative Learning Module) `NE HJKBJK`@QFEO MFH H MOJK

1.1.3 PQLO Hg I H (Scaffolding Module) `NEHMF HJKBJK`O HJK MF`VLNH RND`

@JKH LNaQNCH|

1.1.4 P QL F H V (Assessment Module) `NEHJKBJK`

RN VLNH FHCHKB REOFH VLNK FH ABFHV]^ FQg I BH MF BNNBH

1.1.5 PQLiLN (Knowledge- Based Module) `NHUI H LN Hl WNKL@H HJAKFH WNKB MFP@ G STMFDjGCOB

1.1.6 PQLVLNH (Student Module)

`N@QHlWNKLWKBVLNH NNWKBH FQg IH VFHQNCOB MFWNKL

`@H COB WKBVLNH

1.1.7 P QL VLN K ( Coaching Module) `NERNO HJK MF`VLNH ABMRN`MF`PQ VLNK MFMRNFHKH@G

(9)

(Agent-Based System) @FRNO HJKaQNPQ KCPC

1.1.8 P QL C Q CO K J K (Commu-nication Module) `NK` FQ OKBBRCQCOKJKVOHJKWO KIHCKG HO KKaG FQD-CK M@NBHCJK WO MFFg @Q KHlKG HUCN

$" 2 PQLWKBLM CPBL 1.2 QN IM QNK WK BL M FKQN 9 O QBA

1.2.1 aH LNPQ RNSTHU aH LNO WACKH LN 3 WA QBA 1.2.1.1 WA H C (Preparation Process) HUHC INKWKB VLNH EOVLNH g_hKMQ CDEFBG H LN hFCNKB I MOBH LN FHVRMCOFEQH

1.2.1.2 WA F MNST (Problem-solving Process) H@WA 1) ` HWNR@gIGMFPgG 2) `QST 3) HFG ST 4) CABCi 5) CABCDEFBGH LN 6) WNKLMFHg 7) HFGWNKLMFQK Ci MF 8) EVMF`HK K@A BD aQNChjFWKBHJAKaQN

1.2.1.3 WA F H V (Evaluation Process) Q`HFHCHKB FH FEO FH@/VB MFFH V]^BH MF BV

1.2.2 a H LN O FKQN HHFLMAMF DI\HJKWO KIHCKGaQN aQNMO MOBEOV]^ (STAD) MOBEOMWOBW (TGT) EOJ (Group investigation) OBCOKST (Send-A-Problem) OCOKLN (Jigsaw) MNSTMPBNB (Structured problem solving) MFHFG (Analytic teams) y_BHJKH QBOK@RNH H JKVV @F`

RNVLNH E aO@`H@HJKO ABAW_AK LO LC HJAKF CDEFBG H FQD WKBVLNH MFHPP E

1.2.3 aO Hg I H FKQN HO HJKVLNH HF LMEQC`QQHlVLNH T JK QBMFM@M@BBRNHF^, QBHU B OK aOyyNK^, NBMB@LBR@K OBCOKHJKB, A

@EQ`T, ESTJKWNKBR@, C, RN`D`, RNBHCJKJKCAMF^, RN

`K MF ERNVLNH HWNOO WKBVLNK

1.2.4 VLNK (Tutor)

`TJK HUVLNK` FQ (Facilitator) HUVLNNB LN HUVLN`OKBLN HU_hJKVLNH T HU VLNEQLM HUVLNFHV MFHUVLN@QEO

1.2.5 WKBVLNH

`TWKBVLNH JKHUVLNH FCJKJKN (Active learner) H LNFH LNJKMBLNQN CHKB HUEOFCJKJKN ONB gQ H LN MH LNR-KEORNO HJKVLN

Student Module PBL Module

Collaborative Module Scaffolding

Module

Assessment Module

Communication Module Knowledge

Module

Coaching Module

(10)

DQNK O RNDH LNaQN aQN MF FHVNNBH WKBCHKBMFEO K OBCOKHJKB

1.2.6 FHVH FH KEEQN aQNMO FH LN FHFH LN FHF

`BEO FHVB FHI]CH JK FHH@CWKBVLNH

1.2.7 OFKWKBEQ FKQN KMQ, CDEFBGH LN, hF CNKB,P@ GST, HH LNMOJK, HO Hg IBH , I H LN, FHVVLNH , LOJKL, LOJKVLNH , MF FHEQH KQNKBMFKEAB LC

1.2.8 HJKBJKE FKQN 2 QNaQNMO QNCQCOKJK HO FQH, KKaG, FEBaQN H B/QPK, KKaG, @Q KHlKG HUCN O QNOBHH LN HO HJKBJKJN, HllK, FQKHlKG, VBQKHlKG, Mb|

FBKHlKG, EQ`gIGKHlKG, PCF JKKaG, @KKaG, K B KKaG, NKBEQKKaG, NKBCHJK@B, KIHCKGO K, BJKKHlKG, HlayCG, EQ _KKaG HUCN

1.2.9 HC@CI]C VLNH RNHQBAJK HW _H LN

_`@ FHCHKB FH

FEO `MQK B NN RNLMBKKaG HFG HNBH MFRNFHKH@G

HFGQHlWKBVLNH TCOK LM CPBL IOQHlWKBVLNH TCOK FHQlWNKLaQNWKBLMABQ K LORFQLB EQ (^X= 4.72, S.D. = 0.50) MFEOVLNH THlO WNKLaQNWKBLMABQA`TEQ (Mdn = 4.79) MFHlKQNKB (IR = 0.72)

1. VI\H KIHCKGC LM CPBL VLN@ aQNI\PQ RNFLHQ (Moodle) OHJAKRNRI\ JKHW PM hKIHCKG 1 WKBW KIHCKG LC y_BI\

H KIHCKG EjCCPQLAB 8 PQL CK OBPBNBH KIHCKGI\ QBL 1

1 PBNBWKBH KIHCKGCLM CPBL

PBNBWKBH KIHCKG MOBKKHU 9 O H MCOFO FKQN CDEFBG MOBH LN DjGST MFMQKQBCK OB RL 2

(11)

2 PBNBO H

O H MCOFO @FMQBDjG STMF@CNKB` RMCOFDjGST FKQN BK` FQCOKH aQNMO O Hg IBH _hK@ G FQ MH QHl Mb|FB B NN CDEFBG MFMOBH LN QBL 3

3 CK OBDjGSTMF@

O Hg IBH 4 M

`HKQN IGCL 3 CHIJKRN`MF`O HJK VLNH RMCOFDjGST CK OBQBL 4

4 O Hg IBH 4 M

H LNOJKMMOBEOV]^ HJK VLNH aQN`QKRMCOFO MN @FDQLV QKHUCBE MQBABFMP FQ DWKBEO CK OBQBL 5

5 CBEFMI\WKBEO VFHH KIHCKGQN VLNH T IO FQQHlWKBVLNH TQN HMF K LORFQHF (x = 4.28, S.D. = 0.60) MFFQQHlWKBVLNH TQN HJAK K LORFQHF (x = 4.36, S.D. = 0.57)

3. VHFGFIWKBH KIHCKGCLM CPBL IO FI (1.07) LBOHjkGCiWKBHE MG (1.00)

(12)

4. VH H V]^BH IO VLNH H QN H KIHCKGCLM CPBL V]^BH LBOEOVLNH H QN KMC K OB `TBDCFQ .01

5. VHFGI_BIKR@WKBWKBVLNH COKH KIHCKGCLM CPBL K LORFQ (x = 4.19, S.D. = 0.68)

'" $ M

V@@ FHQl`T`K VQBA 1. BHFGLM CPBL VLNH T HlCOKFHQlWNKLaQNWKBLMABQ K LOR FQLBEQ MFHlOWNKLaQNWKBLMABQ A`TEQMFHlKQNKB K@

HJKB@ LM CPBL BHFGW_A Lj H LNPQ RNSTHUHH LNO MFHO Hg IH HIJKO RNVLNH DH LNaQNK OBFI RCNIMQNK H LNVOHJKWO KIHCKG

K@ALM CPBL BE@Q H KHNVLNH HU`T @QH LNQN HVTDjG OBHFQMNST KQNKBIFTTCg_hMOBC I.g. 2542 MFMVg_hMOBC (I.g. 2545-2559) FRN

@Q@RNVLNH HQH LN@FjG@B HIJK`RNVLNH QHUMFHQRwxLNK OBCOKHJKB PQ VVLNCOB RNHQQE MFCNKB OBHRNHQ g IMQNK JKH LN MF K` FQHIJKRNHQH LN PQ @QH LNRN HQW_AaQNEHMFD (`BjF g_hMOBC, 2545 : 13-15)

LM CPBL FKQN KBGFK`T D`BFK OBHFMFHKJAKCOK

H LNVOHJKWO KIHCKG FKQN KBGFK 8 PQL KQNKBg_hWKB Glenn, et. al. (1997) aQNg_hKKMLMEOJK`

H LNPQ RNSTHU MFKQNKB KhG (2549) MF Beck, et. al. (1996) I\

LMH OMK FVOHJKWO KIHCKG MCORg_hABAaQNHI PQLH LN PQ RNSTHU PQLVLNKMFPQLO H g IH HWNRLM CPBL

2. H KIHCKGCLM CPBL VLNH TQNHMFMFVLNH TQNHJAK QHlWKBK LORFQHF MF FIWKBH KIHCKGFILBO HjkGCiWKBHE MG K VaQN QBA

H KIHCKGVLN@ I\W_A aQN`HK LM CPBL HUCMRI\H KIHCKG MFVOKKMMFI\FH KK OBHUF CLMK ADDIE PQ Kg WKBF y_BHU KPQ a KQNKB CG H KB (2548 : 97) OO LMK ADDIE D`aRNKKMMFI\

H KIHCKGaQNHUK OBQ

K@AKKMKGMG`H KIHCKGaQNVOC@KHFMF KQNKB@VLNH TQNHJAKMFK y_BaQNMO CDEFBGHBI]C HJAK `QHJAK MF MQK PQ HIFMQKaQNVO`aQK EjI@aQNMQKFIK LORHjkG KaQN

VLN@ RNHMOBEOV]^ (STAD) HUH OHFH HJKWO PQ MOBVLNH KKHUEOHIJK`BO MH H LN HIJK`Hl@WKBEO MWOBWFOB EOMNDCQCNN VBWKBEO

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HlayCG KQNKB g PQ (2550 : 129) OO LMH LNOMMOBEOV]^HJKWO KIHCKG D`aRN H Q HFG QNBG@F`aMNST JK NBBRO aQNHUK OBQ

H KIHCKGaQNRNHH g IH 4 M WKB b aQNMO QN Q KQ QN EG QNQ MFQN FH LN HIJKRNO HJKMOVLNH RN DMNaWST JK@RN`Hl@aQNQN CHKB KQNKB E H@T (2551 : 267) OO Hg IH K@HU`MF`MBCKQ@

EGCOB RMNSTJKC@RN`Hl@ K@

HURNO HJK PQ LJKVLNH T D_BB NBW_ARBMQNKKHURNEQCOK VLNH HIJKRNHQH LN QBAVLN@ aQN`KKM Hg IH MCOFQNMQN IGCLMK H 3 C HUCMVLNH TRMCOFQNHIJKRN

`MF`COB MOVLNH y_BHIOR@ MF

@Q@`WKBVLNH aQNQOMQN WNK

I\H KIHCKGABA VLN@ RN FLHQ (Moodle) HUF@QQNH LN (LMS) FIMFHUFHUyKbCGMGH JQ EOLBRI\HIHCMFHJKBJK EHI BIKCOKI\H KIHCKGC LM CPBL KQNKB EI ETJK (2550 : 102) MF F gH B (2549 : 21) OO F LHQ D`NHJKHUgL GBH

@QHC LC CQCFHVCABMCOVLNH aQNH BFH H @FB@LCaQN

K@AH KIHCKGI\W_AaQNVO QKBRN EMFQKBRNEO OK HIJKQK

`BWKBH CABMCOCN@@ HIJKC@

WNKVQIQCOB HQW_ARMCOFWACK MF`MNaW

@aQNH LjG KQNKB CG H KB (2548 : 286) OO WACKQKBRNHUWACK

`TaONK OWACKKJ y_BVLNI\@FCNKB`

QKBRNBRhjFHJK@BEF HIJKg_hMF C@K`BWKBH K OBKK

3. H H V]^BH IOVLNH H QN H KIHCKGI\W_A V]^BH LBO EOVLNH H QN KMC K OB `TBDCFQ .01 MQBRN HlO H KIHCKGI\W_A `RNVLNH V]^BH LBW_A KQNKB EI ETJK (2550) MFF gH B (2549) MF Nikos (2001) aQN@ V]^H WKBH KIHCKG H WNKBH LNPQ RNSTHUVOHJKWO KIHCKG PQ IOVLNH V]^BH LB OVLNH H QN H KMC K VaQNQBA

H KIHCKGCLM CPBL I\W_AaQNKg EjCWKBFHJKWO KIHCKG HFH LNPQ RNSTHU KQNKB McAlphine and Clements (2001) OO H LNPQ RNSTHUVOFKIHCKG D`HKDjGJKSTRNVLNH DHl IaQNQH@@EjCRMQBVMCHQ K@A BEIGFOBVLNH VO HJKWO KIHCKG y_B@FO MNSTQNHMF DaQN K@A BDHJKP BMOBWNKL OBHNNQN CHKBaQN KQNKB Chernobilsky, et. al. (2005 : 61) OO H KVOFKIHCKG DRNO HJK EHIJKHg IWKBVLNH @VLNKRN MF` AMF HIJKRNMBMNSTMOVLNH VO HJKWO KIHCKGaQNHUK OBQ MF BKQNKB K@ jGMFjF (2545) OO @F`RN VLNH

(14)

DNLNRO @MOBH LNCOB aQN MFD`H aQNCKQH DCQCMF FBKJ PQ VOHJKBJKR CQCOKJK DOK JKCQCVEaQN

K@AH KIHCKGCLM CPBLHQ@`HKKBGFK aQNMO H LN PQ RNSTHUVVH MOJK MFHg IBH MOVLNH y_BKQNKB MQWKB E\G N B (2545 : 54-55) OO H LNPQ RNSTHUaOHI BMCO@FHIhF MNSTRNHQH LNMN BOO RNVLNH HQ hFRH LNQN CHKB hFCQCOKJKMF hF`BEO MFKQNKB Chernobilsky, et.

al. (2005 : 53) OO PQ CWKBH LNPQ RN STHU @FHUOJK HIJKHIFI MFEjIWKB@H LN @_B@QRNVLNH aQN H LNOHUEO OK PQ MCOFCNKBO ORH LN MFR`Hl@WKBEO D`RN HQFCJKJKNRH KQNKB I KBQ Hg (2547 : 2-5) OO H LNOHUF FCENRNHQH HF`MNSTyyNK EOBRNVLNH hFQNBMOBSLNMF FjGWKBVLNH MCOF MCO`Hl@WKBH

@FW_AK LOw{wWKBVLNH BaOLN HVTST QN CHKB K@@FHQNKMN QBALM@_BaQNH PQLO Hg IH KHWNRLM HIJKFCENVLNH AMF`MB HC MOBWNKL H WNKBHIJKEVLNH KQNKB E KBHJAK MWlB (2548 : 33) MF Wood, et. al. (1976 : 90) OO O Hg IBH HUF`RNVLNH DMNST Q`HB JKEH| K LOHJK I WKBVLNH @F`aQNQN CHKB MCO@F`aQNHJK aQNO HJKE MF BKQNKB PIH l (2547 : 78) OO HJKVLNH CNKBH LN

BROJKB VLNH K@CNKBO HJK W_A HJKVLNH H@F`BAaQN`Hl@ O HJK EA@FOK QB @FBVLNH D`B AaQNQN CHKB

4. I_BIKR@WKBVLNH COKH KIHCKGCLMI\W_AK LORFQ D K VaQNQBA

@VLN@ aQNI\H KIHCKG K OBHUFCKWKBLM CPBL `HKH OR@MFHUWACK @QFOOR MH H LNMF`@MNSTOHUEO FRNO HJKABQNO Hg I H MFO HJKPQ VLNKVOHJKWO KIHCKG DCQCNN FHVaQNQHl MOBWNKLHI BIK MFDCQCOKJKFOB `RNVLNH I_BIKR@COKH KIHCKG K LORFQLB KQNKBB@ WKB EI ETJK (2550 : 110) OO VLNH I_BIKR@HJKB@VLNH HUKFRH MFKFaQNag_hNNQN CHKBVLNH aQNVMFEJKaQNQN CHKB VLNH LN_KFMFI_BIKR@JK VLNH aQNPKaQN yDMFNMQBKKW_A KQNKB K hG (2549 : 131) OO H LNOMKKaG

`RNVLNH NMQBKKRMQBQHl VOHJKWO K@A BKQNKB I KBQ Hg (2547 : 60) OO H LNOVOHJKWO KIHCKG@F`RNVLNH aOOK NMQBKKRAH C NMQBKKBQHIW_A `RNVLNH HQ FQMNSTMFQHUFW_A

L $ M

V@ EaQNQBA

LM CPBL KBGFK 2 QN JK QN PQL FKQN 8 PQL aQNMO H LNPQ RN

(15)

STHU H LNO O Hg I H FHV iLN VLNH VLNK MF CQCOKJK MFQNIMQNK FKQN 9 O aQNMO aH LNPQ RNSTHU aH LN O aO Hg IH WKB VLNK WKBVLNH FHVH EQ H K HJKBJKE MFHC@C I]CVLNH OVI\H KIHCKG CLM CPBL aQNH FI VLN V]^BH LBOEOEH QN KMC MFVLNH I_BIKR@COKH KIHCKGCLMI\W_AK LORFQ

(''K&'R$ M`

1. LM CPBL BHFGW_AAD

`aRN RQlaQN JKLj HWN QN PQ HIFK OB BH CNKBw{F Q QKB @Q HVTDjG Q NBG QHFG BMV HW PM HUCN

2. HC INKMFHWNR@

`WKBVLNKMFVLNH C`QaNR LMI\W_AHUIHgh HJKB@LM CPBL HU LMKMCCOB@H MC aO ENH H K@`RNB MFRNH W_AOH MC

3. HC INKWKB CNKB CDEFBGQH@ DjGJKP@ GSTCNKB OR@ N `HKRLMCHQ JK M@`KBDjG (Simulation) K@A BCNKB HC MOBH HI BIK MF `g_h NN HIJKRN`MNST

4. I\H KIHCKGCLM CPBL HJKRNHH OHF

hjF @QMFI\H MF HFI\HJKWO KIHCKG JKK@@F HJKRNVVHIJKRNHQH MF OR@W_A

5. I\H KIHCKGCLM CPBL `FHKH@CG (Agent) HWNO R`B WKBPQLCOB RND`BaQNPQ KCPCW_A HIJKRNDRNO HJKVLNH FCENVLNH aQN HlW_A MFQFBWKBVLNKB

''#' #

jFg_hMOBC, `B. (2545).

K) ![\#) K`(

) (b 2) .!. 2545. EBHI : . . (2545). $![\#) .!.2545- 2549: bL . EBHI : .

g PQ. (2550). K' K Y "

M M&'#L

$fY g (STAD) %&'(' '*])

&'#h K% ))K Y![\)' . IGEgC KECjkC WHPP KIHCKG jkC HPP IF@KHNIFHJK.

F gH B. (2549). #K' K Y "%' )'*'

%&'(' '*]) ( 1 RiY![\

j 5 )W![\ #) 'L![\ "%)K''b#&' LY!

2549. IGEgCKEC jkC WHPP KIHCKG jkC HPP IF@K HNIFHJK.

(16)

I KBQHg. (2547). R'

%&'(%' )'*R ) K ) )#.

IGEgCQEhjkC W HPP MFJKg_h LC KMFHPP g_h @EBjG .

CG H KB. (2548). ''K%'*

*R%' )'*. IIGAB 2.

EBHI : DHPP IF@KHNIF HJK

.

CG H KB. (2548). ''K%'*

*R%' )'*. IIGAB 2.

EBHI : DHPP IF@KHNIF HJK

.

. (2548). W ) K Y M#%

!. EBHI : DHPP IF

@KHNIFHJK.

E\G N B. (2545). K ' KL)*%

&'# W"#

%k )!)*. IGEgCQEhjkC WLCMFK @EBjG .

KhG. (2549). '

%' )'*'Mb KK$

%&'(%' )'*. IGTQEh

jkC WKIHCKGg_h jkC DHPP IF@KHNIF HJK.

C g . (2547).

$ !*#.

EBHI : EHl.

IBhG K. (2546). $ X

%' )'*)'% '#

Mkk. IGg_hgCjkC WHPP g_h jFg_hgCG H BRO.

E KBHJAKMWlB. (2548).

YL M(' R

![\K K!) i#.

IGEgCjkC W@Q H LN IF.

CHJKByN , CG H KBMFEI@G C GE\G.

(2551). LMH LNMOJKPQ RN STHUVOHJKWO KIHCKG.

KLK) %' )'*K%

! %i# 4. (23-24 I.. 2551) N 179. EBHI : HPP IF@K HNIFHJK.

. (2552). H LNOVOHJKWO KIHCKGPQ RNHQMOBEO V]^ (STAD) FLHQ (Moodle).

KLK) %' )'*K

%! %i# 5. (22-23 I..

2552) N 5. EBHI : HPP IF@KHNIFHJK.

. (2552). FH IBH (Scaffolding) 4 M HIJKO RH VO HJKWO KIHCKG HW PM hKIHCKG1. KLK)

%' )'*K%! %i# 5.

( 22-23 I . . 2552) N 8. E B H I : HPP IF@KHNIF HJK.

E H@T. (2551). %![\ : f\h l ) . WKMO : B .

(17)

EI ETJK. (2550). ' '#&'M # K'L![\. IGg_hQEh

jkC WHPP g_h gP\.

K@ jGMFjF. (2545). $('#

)'# %%

MkkK$fY g#('#

![\. SCC : g_h BWG.

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