!"# $# %& $ '() #(# #'*#(&( ) (+,%& -&' $ #
./ + #
0/ 1"# 1#!"&
./ -& %& $ '() #(# #'*#(&( ) (+
' 02333
0/ + # %& $ '() #(# #'*#(&( ) (+4 ') $ $# + # % ' 5$# 67898:;2.<=>2??/@@=A@@>B !"
( 1"#"<C)1# ( 'D/3C!')&-&+ # ' EE=
!" !
1"
# 1#!"& F($&#% &(( #(G 6HI;JKLM::8LN;B & (( #(G
$ (( #(G ')(%&!" !"# $ '() #(# #'*#
(&( ) (+ #(& 'G E 1#
!". $&#%!"-$#,%&#((( #(G #(& # + ( G * *%' -&O" # 1# '
!"0 $&#% " ( 1# !"# $#,%&#((( #(G !"E $&#% " ( !"# $# %& $ '() #(#
#'*#(&( ) (+ (( 5 C (6N8KL:PJQ8R;B #(&
$&# !" 'D & '#()&1#)& ( 1#
.@
!"+ ( ') 'D C
( ') 'D S
( ') 'D E
&
# ( ') 'D 0
&
#!"+ ( ') 'D .
5TU')( ( !"# $# %& $ '() #(#
#'*#(&( ) (+ V" ') '#( 6(+D # 2 (+D
&20CEC2) &00A0SB
S/C. A C/33 ) G !"+
E/C. A S/C3 ) G 0/C. A E/C3 ) G
./C. A 0/C3 ) G &# ./33A ./C3 ) G &#!"+
# $"%
F
( ( $&#% ,%&!' -&!' F( ( $&#% #-
./ ,%& -&' 5U& # " (!'!" * &#!"-
$#)&# !"#% $ '() #(# #'*#(&( ) (+
0/ F( ( (( #(G !"# (&# &4 F(1& # ' EE= +
E/ '$&#%- )U4 &4 # #U'F%WXWWYMNZL:[M\J &
' # % ,4 ( #( & '(
&' !" ! () $"%
./ &# &D 5U]4 &%
&
# ^ ' ,%&#((( #(G $&# ' ,%&#((( #(G !)
.<
0/ O" &D 5U 4 &% 6 & # 0CE@2) &CEB
^ 1
"
#') )& ! O"
! , !) $#
! ' )1#' + #
E/ ("( _ 4 &%6 & # 2 0CE@2) &
.3.A.3EB
^ n X2 ( X2)
1
"
#') ! ("( _
0 ! , $# & ' #
6 B0 ! , !) ' #
! ' + #
S/ !"6 K;JKB 1"#! #( ) O" (
!"# $# %& ' 4 &% 6 & # 2 0CE@2) &
.3.B
t = X1 X2
2 1 2
1
2 2 2 2 1
1 1 1
2 ) 1 ( ) 1 (
n n n
n
s n s n
1
"
# ! !
X . ! O"$# + # !".
X 0 ! O"$# + # !"0
. ! $ $# + # !".
0 ! $ $# + # !"0
n (n-1)
03
s1 ! $# + # !".
s2 ! $# + # !"0
C/ )U ! 6M:;`\8a8:8RaJLJ MYb8NL8:Q;B 1"# (
!"( ) O" ( !" # $# %& '
# $#,%&#(! #(G -& # + G * *%' -&O"
# 1# '
^
1
"
# ! $#
! ) +
! * +
=/ ! #( cU) # ! #( G
!"&1#-A U6QdLAJHI8N;B6 U 2 0CSC2) &0C>B
x e (Oij - Eij)e
. . Eij
1
"
#O ^ G"$# 5 !"$# + !"!"-& F($&#%
1
"
# ^ G"$# 5 !"$# + !"!"-& )