⌫
⌫ ⌦⌫
⌦ ⌫
⌫⌫ ⌦⌫ ⌫
⌫⌫
⌫ ⌫⌫⌫
⌫⌦
⌫
⌫
⌫⌫
⌦⌫⌫⌫⌫
⌫⌫
⌫
⌫ ⌦⌫ ⌦⌫
⌫⌫
⌫
☯
⌫⌫
⌫
⌫
☯ ⌦
⌫
⌫ ☯
⌫ ⌦⌫⌦
☯ ☯
☯
⌦⌫
⌫⌫⌦
⌫⌫⌫
⌦⌫
⌫
⌫ ⌦
⌫⌦⌫ ⌦
⌫
⌫
⌫ ⌫⌦
⌫
⌫
☯
⌫
⌫⌫
⌫⌫
⌫ ⌫
⌫⌫⌫ ☯
m&r ⌫
f cap
r d
m& =0.95π8 μ
⌫
⌫ ☯
⌫⌫
⌫
( )
( ) ⎥⎥
⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢
⎢
⎣
⎡
+
− +
−
− +
+
−
=
2 2 2 2
,
00015 . 0 01524 . 0 43826 . 0
00194 . 0 23284 . 0 90989 . 9
0069 . 0 3167 . 1 12950 . 130 3600
1
e c c
e c c
c c
comp r
t t t
t t t
t t
m&
( )
( ) ⎥⎥
⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢
⎢
⎣
⎡
+
− +
− +
− +
+
−
=
2 2
2 2
00068 . 0 06466 . 0 37331 . 1
00332 . 0 63628 . 0 09224 . 18
06207 . 0 84761 . 9 81950 . 389 1000
1
e c c
e c c
c c
comp
t t t
t t t
t t
P
⌫ ⌫
⌫
☯ ηm
⌫ ηf
r comp f m
m w =η η•P
45
⌫
⌫
45 4
5 h w
h = +
⌫ NTU−ε
⌦ ☯
☯ ☯
⌫
⌫ ⌫
(( ))
[
( )]
⎪⎭
⎪⎬
⎫
⎪⎩
⎪⎨
⎧ − −
−
− =
− 1 exp exp 0.78 1
22 . 0
8 min
8
dsh dsh
aci c
rdsh CN
C N t
t C
t t
C
c dsh dsh
dsh U A
C
f = N min
( )
( )
( to fin ) as
as rs ti
c dsh
h A
A h h A U A
1 /
1 1
+ + + −
=
φ
φ
⌫
☯ hi
⌫ ☯ ho
☯
( c)
r
dsh c t t
q = 8−
a dsh aci
atpi t q C
t = + /
⌫
⌫⌫
Ntp
tp =1−e−
ε
( )
( ) ( )
(c atpi)
atpi atpo atpi
c atpi atpo a
tp t t
t t t
t C
t t C
−
= −
−
= −
min
ε
a c tp tp tp tp
tp C
A F U C
A
N =U =
min
⌫ ftp= Atp/Ac
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
−
= −
atpo c
atpi c c tp
a
tp t t
t In t A U
f C
Utp Udsh ⌫
a r fg atpi
atpo t m h C
f /
+ •
=
( ), 1
1− + + ≤
= tp dsh tp dsh
sc f f f f
f
( ) 1
,
0 + >
= tp dsh
sc f f
f
fsc ⌫ ⌫ ⌦
⌫
dsh
tp f
f =1−
(c atpi)
tp
tp C t t
q =ε min −
⌫
⌫ ⌫
Cmin
A f
Nsc=Usc sc c
( )
[ ]
⎪⎭
⎪⎬
⎫
⎪⎩
⎪⎨
⎧ − −
−
=1 exp exp 0.78 1
22 . 0
sc sc
sc CN
C
ε N
( )
rcs atpo rs sc rs
rco C
t t t C
t −
−
= ε min
Usc Udsh ⌫
(c rco)
rsc
sc C t t
q = −
a sc atpo
aco t q C
t = + /
⌫
sc tp dsh
c q q q
q = + +
⌫⌫
⌫⌫
⌫
⌫
twm ⌫
⌫
⌫
t3 =twm +(t2−twm)exp⎜⎜⎝⎛−UhdshAhdsh/m•rCpr⎟⎟⎠⎞
⌫
( )
ws h
hi ho ho rs hi
ho hdsh
h k
d d In d h d U d
1 2
/ 1
+ +
=
hrs
⌫
hws
☯
( )
( )4/9 6 9
16 / 9
4 / 1
10 10
Pr 559 . 1 0
51 . 36 0
.
0 < <
⎟⎟
⎟⎟
⎟⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎜⎜
⎜⎜
⎜
⎝
⎛
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛ ⎟
⎠
⎜ ⎞
⎝ +⎛ +
= Ra Ra
NuD
( )
( ) 5 12
2
27 / 16 8 / 9
6 / 1
10 10
Pr 599 . 1 0
387 . 6 0
.
0 < <
⎟⎟
⎟⎟
⎟⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎜⎜
⎜⎜
⎜
⎝
⎛
⎟⎟
⎟⎟
⎟⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎜⎜
⎜⎜
⎜
⎝
⎛
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛ ⎟
⎠
⎜ ⎞
⎝ +⎛ +
= Ra − Ra
NuD
K d
NuD =hws ho
DPr Gr
Ra=
( )
2 3
,
ν
β r wm hout
D
d t t
Gr g −
=
⌫ t3
⌫⌫
⌦
⌫
(h2 h3)
m
qhdsh = •r −
⌫
t3
⌫
⌫
( gc)
hdsh mr h h
q = • 2−
⌫
⌫
⎟⎟⎠
⎜⎜ ⎞
⎝
⎛
−
− −
=
•
wm wm c hdsh r pr
hdsh t t
t In t U
C A m
2
⌫
⌫
hdsh h
htp A A
A = −
⌫⌫ ⌫
⌫
⌫
(c wm)
htp htp
uhtp U A t t
Q = −
(h h3)
m
quhtp= •r gc−
h3
fg fc xh h
h3 = + 3
⌫ ⌫
r fg
htp m h
q
= •
⌫
(c wm)
htp htp
htp U t t
A q
= −
⌫
htp hdsh h
hsc A A A
A = − −
⌫
t3=twm+(tc−twm)exp⎜⎜⎝⎛−UhscAhsc/m•rCpr⎟⎟⎠⎞
(h h3)
m
qhsc = •r fc−
hsc htp hdsh
h q q q
q = + +
pw w h ws
we m C
x t q
t 60
+
=
⌫⌫
⌫ ⌫
⌫ ⌫⌫⌫
(r am) ll r pr r
ll
ll U t t dA m C dt
q
−•
= +
=
rad conv
ll dq dq
dq = +
⌫
⌫⌫ ⌫
( tpstf tpsta) tprbf
e P P P
P = Δ +Δ +Δ
Δ
⌦
⌦
⌦⌫
⌫
☯ ⌫
☯
☯
⌫
⌫ ⌫
⌫ ⌫
⌫
⌦
⌫
⌫
⌦
⌫
⌫
⌫
⌫ ⌫
⌫ ⌫
⌫
⌫ ⌫
⌫⌫
⌫⌫ ⌦⌦ ⌫⌫
⌫
⌫ ⌫
⌦⌫
⌫
⌫
⌫ ⌫
⌫
⌫
⌫
⌫
⌫
⌫
⌫ ⌫
⌫⌫⌫⌫
⌫⌫⌫⌫
☺
☺
☺
⌧
☺
☺
⌫
☺
☺
☺ ☺
m2
max min/ C
C
Cp ☺
f
m/ s2
GrD
h ☺
hasr
☺
haswm
☺
k
Le
mr
•
mw
NuD
ΔP
qhhtp
⌧
quhtp
tam
twe
tws
twb
U
Uww
w
w45 ☺
wswm
⌧
β ⌧
φ
ε ⌧
ηf
ηm
μf
π8
⌧ ⌧