the analyzing of eco-tourism from the perspective

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THE ANALYZING OF ECO-TOURISM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM EXPERIENCE: A CASE STUDY OF

DAMING MOUNTAIN, GUANGXI, CHINA

ZHIFAN LI

MASTER OF ARTS IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT (INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM)

MAEJO UNIVERSITY

2022

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THE ANALYZING OF ECO-TOURISM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM EXPERIENCE: A CASE STUDY OF

DAMING MOUNTAIN, GUANGXI, CHINA

ZHIFAN LI

A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT (INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM)

ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT MAEJO UNIVERSITY 2022

Copyright of Maejo University

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THE ANALYZING OF ECO-TOURISM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM EXPERIENCE: A CASE STUDY OF

DAMING MOUNTAIN, GUANGXI, CHINA

ZHIFAN LI

THIS THESIS HAS BEEN APPROVED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS

IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT (INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM)

APPROVED BY Advisory Committee

Chair

(Assistant Professor Dr. Napat Ruangnapakul) .../.../ ...

Committee

(Dr. Winitra Leelapattana) .../.../ ...

Committee

(Dr. Jirachai Yomkerd) .../.../ ...

Program Chair, Master of Arts

in Tourism Management (Dr. Winitra Leelapattana) (International Program) .../.../ ...

CERTIFIED BY THE OFFICE OF

ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATION (Associate Professor Dr. Yanin Opatpatanakit)

AND DEVELOPMENT Vice President

.../.../ ...

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C

ABSTRACT (THAI)

ชื่อเรื่อง การวิเคราะห์การท่องเที่ยวเชิงอนุรักษ์จากประสบการณ์การ

ท่องเที่ยว: กรณีศึกษาของ DAMING MOUNTAIN กวางสี ประเทศจีน ชื่อผู้เขียน Mrs. Zhifan Li

ชื่อปริญญา ศิลปศาสตรมหาบัณฑิต สาขาวิชาการจัดการการท่องเที่ยว (หลักสูตร นานาชาติ)

อาจารย์ที่ปรึกษาหลัก ผู้ช่วยศาสตราจารย์ ดร.ณภัทร เรืองนภากุล

บทคัดย่อ

ในกระบวนการของประสบการณ์ ความสุขที่คุณรู้สึกมักจะมากกว่าหรือเท่ากับระดับของ ความพึงพอใจที่คุณคาดหวังจากบริการ กิจกรรมการท่องเที่ยวประเภทนี้เป็นการรวมตัวของ นักท่องเที่ยวที่ใช้เวลาเยี่ยมชม เยี่ยมชม เรียนรู้ และสัมผัส เป็นคอมเพล็กซ์ที่ประกอบด้วยหลายปัจจัย ที่ซับซ้อน เมื่อมีการเสนอการคุ้มครองระบบนิเวศน์จากระดับการท่องเที่ยว คำจำกัดความจะขึ้นอยู่กับ สภาพแวดล้อมทางนิเวศวิทยาที่เหนือกว่า รวมกับการดู การพักร้อนและการพักผ่อน และการ ท่องเที่ยวแบบพิเศษ ซึ่งส่งผลให้เกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงอย่างต่อเนื่องและการยกระดับความต้องการของ ตลาดสำหรับอุตสาหกรรมการท่องเที่ยวเชิงนิเวศ จากมุมมองของประสบการณ์การท่องเที่ยว บทความนี้พยายามที่จะดึงการรับรู้ของนักท่องเที่ยวเกี่ยวกับจุดชมวิวการท่องเที่ยวเชิงนิเวศ ความพึง พอใจของนักท่องเที่ยวต่อสถานที่ท่องเที่ยว และความภักดีของนักท่องเที่ยวต่อสถานที่ท่องเที่ยวผ่าน การสำรวจแบบสอบถามและการวิเคราะห์เชิงประจักษ์ด้วยความช่วยเหลือจากวรรณกรรมที่เกี่ยวข้อง คาดว่าจะมีการเสนอแนะแนวทฤษฎีทางวิทยาศาสตร์สำหรับการพัฒนาการท่องเที่ยวของจุดชมวิวทาง นิเวศวิทยาจากมุมมองของประสบการณ์การท่องเที่ยว

บทความนี้เลือก Guangxi Damingshan Scenic Area เป็นวัตถุวิจัย วิเคราะห์การ พัฒนาการท่องเที่ยวเชิงนิเวศในเชิงลึก และทำการวิเคราะห์เชิงประจักษ์ผ่านการสำรวจแบบสอบถาม ของนักท่องเที่ยว และเสนอการพัฒนาการท่องเที่ยวเชิงนิเวศและการพัฒนาผลิตภัณฑ์การท่องเที่ยว ใน Guangxi Damingshan Scenic Area จากมุมมองของการท่องเที่ยว ประสบการณ์ กลยุทธ์การ ปรับเปลี่ยนขั้นสูง

ดังนั้นการพัฒนาจุดชมวิวเชิงนิเวศจึงควรให้ความสำคัญกับประสบการณ์และการรับรู้ของ นักท่องเที่ยว และในการพัฒนาผลิตภัณฑ์ด้านการท่องเที่ยวในอนาคต ให้เน้นที่ความต้องการของ

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D ประสบการณ์ นิเวศวิทยา ความปลอดภัย นวัตกรรม ฯลฯ เพื่อเพิ่มความพึงพอใจ และความภักดีของ นักท่องเที่ยว ส่งเสริมการยกระดับอุตสาหกรรมการท่องเที่ยวเชิงนิเวศอย่างต่อเนื่อง

คำสำคัญ : การท่องเที่ยวเชิงนิเวศ, ประสบการณ์การท่องเที่ยว

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E

ABSTRACT (ENGLISH)

Title THE ANALYZING OF ECO-TOURISM FROM THE

PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM EXPERIENCE: A CASE STUDY OF DAMING MOUNTAIN, GUANGXI, CHINA

Author Mrs. Zhifan Li

Degree Master of Arts in Tourism Management (International Program)

Advisory Committee Chairperson Assistant Professor Dr. Napat Ruangnapakul

ABSTRACT

In the process of experience, often feel the pleasure can be greater than or equal to their expected satisfaction of the service. This tourism activity is a collection of tourists spending time visiting, visiting, learning and feeling, and is a complex of many complex factors. When ecological protection is put forward from the tourism level, the definition is to combine the superior ecological environment with viewing, vacation, leisure and special tourism at the historic moment, to promote the continuous transformation and upgrading of the market demand of the ecological tourism industry. This paper tries to extract the questionnaire and empirical analysis of the influence of the tourists. It is expected to put forward scientific theoretical guidance for the tourism development of ecological scenic spots from the perspective of tourism experience.

This paper selects Guangxi Daming Mountain Scenic Area as the research object, analyzes the development situation of ecological tourism, analyzes the empirical questionnaire of tourists, and proposes the modification strategy of ecological tourism development and tourism product upgrading from the perspective of tourism experience.

Therefore, the development of ecological scenic spots should pay attention to the experience perception of tourists, in the future tourism product development

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F to focus on the experience, ecology, safety, innovation, and other requirements, so as to improve the satisfaction and loyalty of tourists. Promote the continuous upgrading of the ecotourism industry.

Keywords : Ecotourism, Tourism Experience

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G

ACKNOWLEDGE MENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

From the writing of the thesis to the completion of the whole process, I want to thank all those who have cared about me and accompanied me all the way to the end. First of all, I would like to thank Maejo University and the School of Tourism Development for providing me with such a learning platform and a good learning environment. I also want to thank all the teachers in the department, especially Assoc.

Prof. Dr. Weerapon Thongma, Dr. Winitra Leelapattana, Dr. Jirachai Yomkerd, Dr. Prayong Kusirisin, Asst. Prof. Dr. Napat Ruangnapakul for reading in me The meticulous teachings of the master degree in the past two years, their rigorous and meticulous style has always been a role model in my work and study, and their precepts and deeds will benefit me a lot in my future life.

Secondly, I would like to thank my instructors in particular. From the topic of the thesis to the writing of the thesis to the completion of the thesis, under the careful guidance of the teachers, the paper was successfully completed. I would like to express my deep gratitude to the teachers.

Finally, thank my family and my supporters forever. It is under your ardent gaze that I have completed my study career step by step. Without you, there would be no me today! I have always been very grateful to you for allowing me to have such a warm family, so that everything I can be understood and supported by you, forgiveness and sharing. Your support and encouragement are the driving force for me to move forward.

Zhifan Li

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List of Tables

Page Table 1 Statistical Table of Demographic Characteristics of Tourist in Daming

Mountain Scenic Area ... 24

Table 2 Statistical Table of Attention to Ecological Scenic Spots ... 26

Table 3 Statistical table of understanding of Ecological scenic spots ... 27

Table 4 Statistical Table of Favorites of Ecological Scenic Spots ... 27

Table 5 Statistics on the purpose of tourists visiting Daming Mountain Scenic Area . 28 Table 6 Statistics on the ways tourists understand the scenic spot ... 29

Table 7 Statistics on the way tourists come to Daming Mountain Scenic Area ... 30

Table 8 Statistics of Companions of Tourists Visiting Daming Mountain Scenic Area . 30 Table 9 Statistics table of expected value of tourists before visiting Daming mountain Scenic Area ... 31

Table 10 Statistics of Satisfaction of Tourists Visiting Daming Mountain Scenic Area . 33 Table 11 Statistical of statistical indicators ... 35

Table 12 Statistics of tourists' willingness to revisit ... 38

Table 13 Statistics of Tourist Recommendation Willingness ... 39

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List of Figures

Page Figure 1 The theoretical relationship between subject and object ... 15 Figure 2 The development relationship of each analysis factor ... 21

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

Background of study

Tourist needs focus on experience, tourism experience era of deepening development. People are more and more eager to get experience in their daily life, which promotes the rapid development of experience economy and becomes the fourth kind of human economic form after the stage of agriculture, industry and service industry. From agriculture to industry, service industry are staged experience economy, tourism experience is also produced. In foreign countries, the study of tourism experience began in the 1970s; in China, the research boom of tourism experience began to rise in the 1990s, and with the tourists' tourism experience becoming more and more full. Its tourism consumption behavior is maturing, the demand of tourism experience is rising, and the depth and breadth of tourism experience are extending.

The improvement of living conditions and the increasing pressure on people living in the city, more people choose to relax outside in their free time. At present, tourism has become a part of many people's lives. In the choice of most tourists, the traditional casual tourism can no longer be satisfied, and more people choose high quality, high experience and interactive travel methods. Travel is nothing more than eating, drinking, playing and enjoying the comfort of life. However, ecotourism is a more comfortable atmosphere from natural scenery. Ecotourism is rich in natural resources and has a sustainable ecosystem. It can give local residents and foreign tourists a variety of activities such as leisure, vacation, entertainment, fitness and so on. Some tourist scenic spots around the urban area not only have beautiful scenery and pleasant climate, but also allow tourists here to have close contact with nature, obtain physiological adjustment, and more importantly, be able to escape the noisy city life.

Look for a pure land and relax your mind.

The impact of COVID-19 on the Chinese economy is relatively short-term, and now the Chinese economy has gradually recovered. In China, COVID-19 has become stable and controllable, and various regional governments have launched response activities to promote local economic development. Daming Mountain is located in Nanning, Guangxi. The new crown pneumonia has reopened to visitors since April 2020.

The Guangxi government has launched two "Three-Three Consumption Festival"

activities to promote the economic development of tourism. The government

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cooperates with local businesses and tourist attractions to provide benefits to consumers, and encourage everyone to go out for consumption and travel to promote local economic development. In addition to government-organized activities, Daming Mountain Scenic Area also provides corresponding welfare activities on various festivals, such as International Women’s Day, which is free for all women. Damingshan Scenic Area usually receives mainly domestic tourists. Tourists need to wear masks to enter the scenic spot, and they can enter after strict disinfection. The epidemic has little effect on the number of tourists visiting Damingshan Scenic Area. The impact on this research is small.

Less research on ecotourism from the perspective of tourist experience. The essence of ecotourism is that tourists feel life in natural scenery and bring a comfortable experience. With the development of some characteristic tourism resources and the increasing of tourism forms, all localities are enriching tourism experience projects. Ecotourism is gradually not the first choice for tourists. However, many ecotourism scenic spots have found problems and gradually attach importance to the tourism experience of ecotourism. The tourism experience items of ecotourism, such as hiking, ordinary viewing and so on, can no longer meet the experience needs of tourists, the expectations and satisfaction of tourists are different, and the willingness to revisit is not strong. At the same time, there are many researches on ecotourism in our academic circles, mainly focusing on the significance and orientation of ecotourism to society and so on. The focus of the study is the impact of ecotourism itself. But the pure tourist experience as the angle of view research is less. This paper takes the tourist experience as the angle of view, through the field experience, the literature review, the questionnaire survey and so on way carries on the analysis to the tourist traveling satisfaction degree, carries on the research to the scenic spot ecological landscape design, the development project and so on, further enriches the tourist experience as the angle of view ecotourism research and the analysis.

The necessity and urgency of ecotourism research from the perspective of tourism experience. There are many problems in the development of ecotourism, including the operator relying only on some natural resources or historical and cultural heritage to provide tourists with a sense of satisfaction of sightseeing, until natural and cultural resources have been destroyed, and the operator has learned the lessons of the former and considered the needs of tourists. This kind of tourism model can attract certain tourists in a short time, but when they find that the model is similar and tasteless, lack of creative plagiarism, gradually become boring, no one is interested in the end is not far away; from the environmental point of view, Wanton artificial

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3 construction caused huge environmental damage, for the long-term development of scenic spots will be very unfavorable. From the point of view of the problems, the observation and research of ecotourism from the perspective of tourism experience is a call to ecotourism operators, which is to warn the problems that appear in the current tourism industry.

Tourism is a green industry and is gradually growing into a new engine for economic growth. In recent years, China has issued many relevant policies to promote the development of tourism industry, which has led to the rapid development of tourism and related industries. It can be said that in the future China will usher in the spring of tourism development, tourist demand will also be stimulated and released to a certain extent, many tourism industries will also be more personalized and participation, only pay attention to tourist experience, Tourism projects aimed at tourist demand can take the lead.

How to ensure that tourist destinations can attract all kinds of tourists for a long time is the key to ensure the growth of tourist destinations. In such a tourism environment, it is very important to pay attention to ecological landscape design, play project experience and satisfaction evaluation.

Ecotourism in Daming Mountain Scenic Area is representative as the research object. Daming Mountain Scenic Area is located in Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. The Damingshan Scenic Area receives an average of 10,000 tourists every day, and during holidays or winter, the peak number of tourists in a single day can reach 4,500. Daming Mountain is 68 kilometers long and 23 kilometers wide.

It straddles the four counties of Wuming, Shanglin, Mashan and Binyang, and is 76 kilometers away from Nanning. The Tropic of Cancer passes through the center with an average elevation of 1,200 meters, and the main peak, Longtou Mountain, is 1,760 meters above sea level. , Is the highest peak in central and southern Guangxi. Daming Mountain is a national nature reserve. The main protection objects are the diverse, rare and endangered unique animal and plant resources of mountain forest ecosystems. In recent years, Daming Mountain has been awarded the title of "Nanning City's Most Leisure and Health Care Scenic Spot", "International Ecotourism Demonstration Base" and "Famous Mountain with Chinese Characteristics". In 2009, it was rated as "National 4A Tourist Attraction."

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Research Problem

The main problems I want to examine and solve in this study include:

1. What is the current situation of ecotourism development? What are the factors that affect the development of ecotourism?

2. What is the present situation of ecotourism development in Daming Mountain Scenic area?

3. What are the factors that affect the tourist experience in domestic tourist attractions?

4. What are the determinants of tourist experience in Daming Mountain Scenic area of Guangxi?

5. How to improve tourists' satisfaction with ecotourism tourism experience from the perspective of each subject?

6. What should attention be paid to the development of ecotourism scenic spots? In what ways to attract tourists?

Objectives of the Study

This study will extend the research content of domestic ecotourism. The development of ecotourism is a hot topic in recent years. Chinese scholars also have a lot of research on ecotourism, but it is still in its infancy. Daming Mountain Scenic area is a good ecological landscape, rich resources. At the same time, ecological vulnerability is high, so it is urgent to carry out relevant protection, and strive to promote tourism without harming its environmental interests. Therefore, how to deal with the contradiction between tourism and ecological protection has also become an important issue. On the basis of literature review, this paper studies and formulates the dimensions and scales suitable for the actual background of ecotourism in China, broadens the research content of ecotourism theory in China, and promotes the development of ecotourism.

This study will enrich the study of tourist behavior and satisfaction with ecotourism from the perspective of tourism experience. This study carries on the actual social investigation to the Guangxi Daming Mountain scenic spot ecotourism in the tourism experience angle, through the investigation Daming Mountain ecotourism prominent present situation and the question carries on the analysis, On the basis of the obtained data, the determinants of tourist tourism experience in Daming Mountain Scenic area are analyzed. Finally, how to improve tourists' satisfaction with ecotourism

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5 experience from the perspective of managers, developers and government departments. Starting from the tourists themselves, we should establish a diversified and multi-level three-dimensional management mechanism, actively cultivate the ecotourism market and create an ecotourism complex.

This study will provide effective guidance for tourism sustainable development.

Tourism has long been praised for its low carbon environmental protection, so people pursue the economic benefits brought by tourism and strive to maximize the benefits of tourism. At the same time, it ignores the negative effect of tourism activities on the ecological environment. In recent years, the carrying pressure of tourist areas is increasing day by day, and the impact of tourism activities on the natural environment is increasing day by day. It should be recognized that there is an urgent need to find a sustainable path to tourism development and that these shocks will have irreversible consequences without effective management and coordination. This study discusses the relationship between tourist experience, tourist satisfaction of tourist destination and tourist environmental responsibility behavior in Daming Mountain Scenic area, and provides relevant effective guidance for the promotion of tourist satisfaction of tourist destination in ecotourism area, and further provides scientific guidance for promoting the sustainable development of ecotourism.

This study will help the development and construction of ecological scenic spots to promote the development of ecotourism. Ecotourism has been recognized by the market and developed rapidly, but its development is facing severe problems.

First of all, there is a discrepancy between the special protection and economic benefits of ecotourism. The funds needed for ecological protection are difficult to obtain from the benefits, and there is a contradiction between the two. Secondly, the certification standard of ecotourism is difficult to be consistent. Because the natural conditions and bases of the region are very different, the characteristic resources of each ecotourism place are different, the core elements of the certification are also different, and the standards of ecotourism in China have not been unified. It is not conducive to guiding the development and standardization of ecotourism in China.

This study studies the relationship between ecotourism experience and tourism destination satisfaction. Further provide reference for the development and construction of the most critical ecological scenic spots in the development of ecotourism.

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Expected the Results

Through this investigation and research, the expected result is to analyze the current situation of Daming Mountain's eco-tourism development based on the status of my country's eco-tourism development combined with the investigation and study of the current situation of Damingshan Scenic Area. It is hoped that tourists' positioning of the tourism experience can be obtained from the survey information Features (including value, profundity, service, remoteness, participation, subjectivity, etc.) and analysis of the determinants of ecotourism influencing tourism experience, and finally discusses the promotion of sustainable development and improvement of ecotourism from the perspective of each subject Measures for tourist satisfaction, improving the current situation of tourism services in Damingshan Scenic Area, etc.

Scope of the study

On the basis of literature review and summary, this study extracts the factors of tourist experience, tourist satisfaction to tourist destination and tourists' environmental responsibility behavior, and uses the questionnaire method to obtain the relevant data of this paper. Daming Mountain is a national nature reserve, with diverse mountain forest ecosystem and rare and endangered unique animal and plant resources as the main protection object. The total area of the reserve is about 17000 hectares.

Limitations of the study

This paper mainly carries on the investigation and research in a certain range, and there will be some research limitations due to the limitation of conditions.

This study mainly conducted a questionnaire survey on tourists who had traveled to the Daming Mountain Scenic Area in the past two years. The sample selection used random sampling. Therefore, the sampled sample may not represent the researched population. The research will produce and statistically exist. Selectivity bias and other related issues. If you are unable to reach the right answerers of the questionnaire, or the geographic area involved is not wide enough, and the number of statistical measurement samples is insufficient. In these cases, the selected sample will affect the effectiveness of the survey and research.

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7 The theme of this research is ecotourism research from the perspective of tourism experience. Many scholars have explored ecotourism, but most of them analyze ecotourism from the perspective of managers and developers. When engaging in this research, the content of the past literature should be cited as the basis of the research. Reviewing the literature can provide a theoretical basis for the research topic.

However, due to the different perspectives of the subject of this research, the relevant literature may be limited.

The research area is Daming Mountain, which has four distinct seasons in spring, summer, autumn and winter.

The interviewees may have deviations due to their cultural background and personal opinions on specific phenomena, and have different views and feelings on the tourism experience of ecotourism, which may affect the rationality of the study. In addition, researchers may only cite data or results that support their own research assumptions.

Operation Definition of the Terms Tourism experience

Tourism experience is a kind of comprehensive experience with super-utilitarian experience. Travel experience first appeared in the book "experience economy ", which mentioned that experience is to use services and goods to make consumers deeply integrated into it and create unforgettable activities. After the publication of

"experience economy ", the word tourism experience has attracted more and more attention, its attention is more and more high, and the scope of research is more and more extensive. Some people think that tourism experience is a way for tourists to adjust and change their psychological way by connecting with the outside world, and some people define "tourism experience" as "the direct observation or participation process and the formation of tourists' feelings about things or events in tourist destinations." In this process of experience, tourists can obtain aesthetic pleasure in landscape viewing, taste colorful life in communication with people, and discover and develop themselves in the process of actively imitating different roles. Can also enjoy the secular music in the process of tourism consumption. These pleasures are generally attached to some kind of super-utilitarian color. The goal of tourism experience is to pursue tourism pleasure. Tourism pleasure is a special pleasure, which is the psychological pleasure of relaxation, change, experience, novelty and reality experienced by tourists through viewing, communication, imitation and consumption.

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Ecotourism

The problem of environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, the constraints of natural resources are becoming more and more tense, and the trend of ecosystem degradation is becoming more and more serious. Under these crises, people gradually realize the importance of the concept of ecological civilization of respecting nature, conforming to nature and protecting nature. Therefore, the understanding of ecological civilization is divided into three stages: environmental problems, sustainable development concept, green economy and global environmental governance. Therefore, when the ecological protection is put forward from the tourism level, the definition is a compound view, vacation and leisure and special tourism based on the superior ecological environment, which promotes the continuous transformation and upgrading of the market demand of the ecotourism industry. The early scholars of the term ecotourism thought that ecotourism was based on nature, for the purpose of studying, studying and viewing natural scenery or wildlife, to those natural areas which were less disturbed by human beings or not polluted.

However, at present, many experts tend to think that ecotourism is only one of the many forms of tourism and a branch of tourism activities, and therefore oppose ecotourism and mass tourism. Ecotourism is a special tourism product designed to meet the special interests and needs of a few people. Of course, some people think that ecotourism should also be an effective means and way to achieve the goal of sustainable tourism in the development and utilization of tourism resources. However, whether it is defined from the classification of tourism products or from the development and utilization of tourism resources, the connotation of ecotourism is not sufficient and comprehensive enough. If ecotourism is only a special way of tourism, or only a special tourism product to meet the needs of a few people, then it is not enough to attract so much attention and attention from the tourism industry.

Therefore, ecotourism is not the opposite of mass tourism. On the contrary, only when ecotourism is widely popularized and widely accepted, replacing the traditional tourism model and becoming a new mass tourism model, Eco-tourism can truly achieve the goal of promoting the sustainable development of tourism.

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9

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW AND RELATED STUDY

Theory Core theory

The tourism value based on sustainable development is not only the guiding ideology of ecotourism under tourism experience, but also the ultimate idealization demand. Therefore, tourism experience theory, tourism life cycle theory and sustainable development theory as the core theory, is also the soul of this study.

1. Theory of sustainable development

The most intuitive and concise explanation of sustainable development theory is that it cannot only meet the needs of contemporary human development, but also pose a dangerous development to the ability of future generations to meet the needs.

This concept is generally accepted globally, perhaps because it contains theoretical and practical connotations that are generally accepted. Sustainable development pursues the overall development of the earth's ecosystem, the coordinated development of economy, society and environment, the fair development of space- time dimension, the efficient development under the coordination of economy, society, resources, environment, population, etc., and takes the multi-dimensional development road which accords with the reality of the country or the region, diversity, multi-mode and so on.

Sustainable development requires limited development to achieve the coordinated development of economic construction, social development and natural carrying capacity, that is, human development is controlled within the carrying capacity of the earth. Ecological sustainable development, More emphasis to protect the ecological environment and resolutely deny the opposition between environmental protection and social development, but to solve the problem from the root by looking for a reasonable development model. The sustainable ecological view emphasizes the efficient utilization and waste recycling, the harmonious symbiosis between the internal elements of the ecosystem, and the perfection and sustainability of the self- regulation function of the internal organization of the system.

With the acceleration of tourism development, many tourism operators only see the immediate interests, predatory development, extensive management, ecological environment has suffered serious damage. The requirement of sustainable

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development theory for tourism development is to rely on scientific management, reasonable development strategy of scenic spots, high quality tourism products and follow the principles of natural ethics on the basis of not destroying the local ecological environment. The development of ecological scenic spots puts forward more strict requirements for ecological protection, and it is urgent to put forward a set of innovative development models to obtain the interests of all parties and finally realize the sustainable development of tourism.

2. Tourism experience theory

Experience is a fact verified by life, a deep feeling of personal experience.

Tourism experience, as a branch of experience, or a special type of experience, can be expressed as "tourism environment stimulation-tourists' processing and integration of information-Tourism experience seven Xie Yanjun has led to the concept of tourist field according to the concept of" psychological field "in Gestalt Psychology. Tourism experience is that tourists feel pleasure in the process of experience by participating in tourism activities, which is greater than or equal to the satisfaction of their expected service. This kind of tourism activity is a collection formed by tourists taking time to visit, study and feel, and is a complex of many complex factors.

In nature, tourism experience is similar to a "mirror experience ". Through the mirror of destination, tourists gaze at the other and know themselves. From the structural point of view, tourism experience has a multi-level structure: first, from the time structure, tourism experience includes expected experience, on-site experience and recall experience, showing stage characteristics, and constantly sublimated with the passage of time, and then evolved adult life experience and part of the spiritual world; second, from the depth structure, tourism experience presents a certain level, basically can be divided into sensory experience, physical experience, emotional experience, spiritual experience, spiritual experience, spiritual experience five levels, the deeper the tourism experience, the more can make tourists feel the significance of tourism; Third, from the point of view of intensity structure, tourism experience can usually be divided into two levels: general experience and peak experience. The more peak experience can be reached, the more tourists can feel the value of tourism.

3. Life-cycle theory of tourist destinations

The life cycle theory of tourist destination expounds the characteristics of time, situation and curve of tourist destination in different stages of life cycle, and deeply explains the relationship between individual influencing factors, realizes the diagnostic analysis of tourist destination, and provides a clear development orientation and train of thought. In academic circles, many researchers have analyzed the tourist destination

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11 and tourism products, and think that the extension of tourist destination is wider, which can be used not only as the concept of spatial carrier of tourism products, but also as a comprehensive tourism product. The life cycle of tourist destination is reflected by the life cycle of each tourism product. The organic synthesis of the life cycle of each tourism product constitutes the life cycle of the tourist destination and also indicates the diversity of life cycle change factors.

The development process of tourist destination generally includes six stages:

exploration, participation, development, consolidation, stagnation and decline. This is essential for the operators of tourist destinations. Therefore, accurately grasp their own stage of development, flexible grasp of the focus of investment and management, to make correct business decisions. The development and operation of ecotourism scenic spots should use the life cycle theory of tourist destination, grasp their own development stage, think about how to develop new tourism products, meet the needs of the audience of tourism experience, and put forward a scientific development strategy for ecotourism.

Support theory

Landscape ecology, tourism service economy theory and the relationship between man and land are the supporting theories of this study. In the process of ecotourism, the people who are served are tourists, and the improvement of ecotourism satisfaction should be discussed from the direction of tourism service, tourism landscape design and development and construction.

1. Landscape ecology

The research of landscape ecology focuses on the ecological impact of human activities on the landscape and the relationship between the ecosystem, and focuses on the study of landscape management, landscape planning and design, as well as the interaction between the empty structure and the ecological process. Landscape ecology also takes human perception of landscape as the starting point of landscape evaluation. Through the intersection of natural science and humanities, the ecological value, economic value and aesthetic value of landscape are considered synthetically around the goal of constructing pleasant landscape. Modern landscape ecology is a new and developing discipline. The object and content of the study include landscape structure, that is, the type, diversity and spatial relationship of landscape components;

landscape function, that is, the interaction between landscape structure and ecological process; landscape dynamics, It refers to the changes of landscape structure and function over time. The structure, function and dynamics of the landscape are

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interdependent and interactive. The specific contents of landscape ecology research are very wide, often involving the pattern and process of different organizational levels.

For example, the characteristics of landscape structure and physiological and ecological processes, individual behavior, population dynamics, community dynamics and the role of ecosystems in different time and space scales belong to the category of landscape ecology observation and research.

2. Tourism economics

The research object of tourism service economy is the people facing the tourism economy service and the people carrying it out, the various phenomena, relations and internal laws reflected in the process of tourism activity, the tourism service economy from the analysis of the formation, change and contradiction of tourism demand and tourism supply, reveals the inherent regularity and realization condition of tourism supply and demand balance, and analyzes and studies the types and characteristics of tourism market, the composition and changes of tourism price, the strategy, the structure and economic benefit of tourism industry, and provides scientific theoretical guidance for the effective realization of tourism service economic activities. Economic relations between tourists and tourism enterprises and between tourism enterprises and related enterprises. Tourist operators provide tourists with corresponding food, housing, travel, travel, purchase, entertainment and other services, while tourists pay a certain amount of remuneration, thus forming an economic relationship between tourists and tourism enterprises. In order to arrange tourist activities, tourism enterprises need to have economic ties with other enterprises or departments concerned. These economic links form the content of tourism economy, which is a part of the operation of national economy. On the basis of maintaining a good ecological environment, the research on sustainable development of tourism economy is to promote people's understanding of the economic and environmental benefits of tourism while maintaining and enhancing the opportunities for future development. Improve the quality of life of residents, provide high-quality tourism experience for tourists, and protect the environmental quality of future tourism development.

3. On the Relationship between Man and Land

The theory of the relationship between man and earth is the theory of analyzing the relationship between human beings and human social activities and natural geographical environment, and is the central subject of the basic theory and research of human geography. The development of the theory of the relationship between man and earth has gone through a long process. According to the background

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13 of the times and the differences of space and region, the views of human center, the theory of coordination between man and nature, the theory of retrogression and the theory of ecological humanities appear. Among them: the theory of human center advocates that "man wins heaven ", and man can conquer and transform nature and dominate nature. The theory of harmony between man and nature advocates that the relationship between man and nature is inseparable and should exist in a stable ecosystem. Retrogressive theory that humans should return to primitive society and live a natural life of gathering and hunting. Eco-humanism, which looks at humans as an integral part of the ecosystem and, like other organisms in nature, as members of the biosphere, is interrelated. With the deepening of human practical activities, the theoretical research is gradually deepening. On the basis of cultural landscape theory and ecological theory, the ecological geographical system theory is put forward, and the dynamic relationship between human society and natural ecology is squarely faced.

The gradual deepening of the understanding of man-land relations has promoted the emergence and development of ecotourism, which is the concrete practical manifestation of harmonious man-land relations theory. The new understanding of man-land relationship theory provides theoretical guidance for the emergence and development of ecotourism, which is a practical form of harmony theory and sustainable development of man-land view, and gives new content to man- land relationship. The goal of practice is to achieve sustainable development of tourism through human efforts and symbiosis with nature.

The theory of landscape ecology provides the theoretical basis and operation method for the development, utilization, management and protection of ecotourism resources, while the balance of supply and demand of ecotourism market and the realization of its benefit goal depend on the guidance of the relevant theories of tourism economics. Without the guidance of tourism economics theory, ecotourism will lose market space, and without the guidance of landscape ecology theory, ecotourism will be difficult to realize sustainable development. Therefore, landscape ecology, the relationship between man and land and tourism economics are three important cornerstones to support ecotourism theory.

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Relevant theories

1. Systems theory

The system is an organic whole with specific functions, which is organically combined by many complex and interrelated elements. System theory holds that everything in the universe is in a unified motion system, and each element has its position in the system. Play a specific role, interrelated and constitute an indivisible organism. System theory is to unify the elements of all the research objects to form a system, analyze the function, movement and structure of the system, and analyze the interaction between the system and the surrounding environment, and constantly optimize. According to the core idea and method of system theory, we should focus on the whole situation in the research and analysis, coordinate the relationship between system, elements and environment, optimize the scheme of dealing with problems continuously, and achieve the best research effect.

Tourism itself is a complex and comprehensive social phenomenon, which contains complicated subjects and elements, and the related elements are closely combined into an organic whole, which is in line with the core idea of system theory.

In the process of tourism research, it is necessary to use the viewpoint, thought and analysis method of system theory to systematically analyze the essential attributes, operational relations, internal and external conditions, social influence and occurrence and development of tourism. The choice of the mode of tourism development and operation needs to use the method of system theory to determine the scheduled state of the mode system, analyze the theme, strategy, image, product and operation management, etc., in order to put forward the best development model, exchange the maximum income with the minimum consumption, and realize the most ideal economic, social and environmental benefits.

Ecotourism is a comprehensive and highly relevant tourism, so the theoretical basis of ecotourism must also involve multi-disciplinary diversification theory. The study of ecotourism behavior and demand involves the theories of marketing, psychology and aesthetics; the study of ecotourism resources involves tourism resources, tourism geography, eco-economics and related development planning theories; the study of ecotourism will involve the contents of enterprise management and development economics. Therefore, the related theories of ecotourism include marketing, psychology, aesthetics, tourism resources, tourism geography, ecological economics, development planning theory, enterprise management, development economics and so on.

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15 Theoretical framework

The study of ecotourism theory from the perspective of tourism experience is based on the empirical experience of the development of traditional tourism, using a series of relevant theories and methods represented by the theory of sustainable development. The main body of tourism (tourists), object (tourism resources) and their mutual relations are standardized research.In this study, more attention is paid to the feelings of tourists' activities, which is a highly comprehensive activity. Therefore, the study of tourism activities must also be based on the cross-infiltration of multiple disciplines and theories. A series of theories and methods can be summarized into three categories: core theory, supporting theory and related theory.

Figure 1 The theoretical relationship between subject and object Related Study

Overview of the study on the tourism experience

In a general sense, tourism is considered to be the time, cost, energy and desire for people to leave the area where they often live and travel to another destination to carry out leisure activities for the purpose of economic benefit. What is gained is not economic material, but an experience. Experience is the experience gained from practical experience in the field. The fusion of subject and object of experience has aesthetic connotation and is also the psychological result caused by the process and process of psychological experience. The psychological results of tourists' feelings to the outside world during the journey are organically combined into the experience of

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tourism. As a new hotspot of tourism research, tourism experience has achieved fruitful results.

In the early 19th century and early 20th century, after large-scale tourism activities appeared in western society, tourism as a social phenomenon gradually attracted the attention of academic circles. However, because of the social background of work at that time, the study of leisure was not mature, and the study of tourism for a long time was relatively shallow. Since the 1960s, a large number of scholars in the mainstream field of socialization began to pay attention to tourism research, and from their respective fields to study tourism, tourism experience has gradually become a research hotspot. During this period, a group of scholars who contributed to the study of tourism experience emerged. Boost in and Turner first put forward the definition of tourism experience combined with their own research direction. The former thinks that tourism experience is a popular consumption behavior and a kind of artificial, predictable and rigid mass tourism. On the other hand, the early tourists really pursue some kind of real experience, which applies the relevant theoretical viewpoints of social psychology to the study of tourists' tourism experience, and regards the tourism experience as a social ritual. This ritual can bring people from the state of life to another state. It is obvious that their definition of tourism experience is different. In fact, it is difficult to define tourism experience accurately under the social conditions at that time. But they have caused people to debate the positive and negative effects of modern leisure tourism. During the ensuing academic debate, Cohen's point of view was concerned. He believed that the meaning of experience lies in everyone's world outlook, depending on the individual's spiritual thoughts, that is, different people want to get different experiences. Different experiences have different meanings for different individuals and societies. During the process of Cohen tourism research, we always pay attention to the tourism experience and its social benefits.

In China, the academic research of tourism experience started late. Before 2000, the study of tourism experience was almost unattended. Xie Yanjun first put forward the academic proposition of "tourism experience" in "basic tourism science "(1999 edition), and began to carry out research, but at that time did not get the response of domestic academic circles immediately. After the translation of

"experience economy" by Xia Yeliang and Gilmore in 2002, there was an upsurge of experience research in China, and the tourism academic circles were also influenced by the experience thought expounded in "experience economy ". Therefore, the study of tourism experience has quickly become a hot spot for many scholars. The earliest and most profound study of tourism experience is Xie Yanjun, in fact, compared with

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17 the original "experience economy" published in the same year in the "basic tourism"

has had the word "tourism experience ", and has done research on it and get incisive conclusions, and the subsequent research has always occupied the commanding point in the field of tourism experience research. After that, domestic scholars have also combed and summarized the related research of tourism experience, and the research on the concept, classification, content, behavior motivation and quality of tourism experience has achieved fruitful results. Later scholars are also constantly improving the research of tourism experience, and will become a research hotspot in the future.

The definition of tourism experience in the early stage is vague, and the definition of different scholars is quite different, mainly because of the difference of the research background of the scholars. The following is the research exposition of different scholars on tourism experience in different periods:

Boostin in the study of tourism experience in 1964, it is concluded that tourism experience is a popular consumption behavior and a kind of artificial, predictable and rigid mass tourism. On the other hand, old-fashioned tourists are the real pursuit of some real experience.

Turner regarded tourism experience as a social ritual in 1969, which can bring people from life to another. Tourists can look at themselves and society from a different angle through their daily living environment.

The conclusion MacCanne ll got in the study of tourism experience in 1973 is contrary to the Boostin view, which also leads to the debate on the positive and negative benefits of tourism in academic circles. MacCannell believe that tourism experience pays more attention to a real behavior.

Cohen thought in 1979 that the significance of tourism experience lies in the difference of individual world outlook, which depends entirely on whether the individual follows its spiritual world, that is, different people want to get different experiences, in turn, Different experiences have different meanings for different individuals and societies. He believes that individual experience reflects the stable mode of various demand motives, that is, individual motivation various ways to seek meaning from the pursuit of pleasure.

By studying the behavior and attitude of the tourism experimental samples in 1982, Pearce found whether the relevant impressions of the tourist destinations changed. Through comparative analysis, it is found that tourism experience is the reaction of the whole process of tourism activities to the influence of tourism individuals, including cognitive, emotional and emotional psychological results.

Ryan believe that for individuals, tourism experience is a comprehensive leisure

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activities, including a variety of functions such as entertainment, communication includes such functions as entertainment, learning and seeking knowledge and difference. The later research believes that the quality of tourism experience can be reflected by the correlation between tourist expectations and satisfaction.

In 1999, Xie Yanjun explored that tourism experience is a tourist activity carried out at the destination to satisfy the individual's travel desire, which makes the individual's psychological pleasure and spiritual level satisfied in the process. Tourism experience is related to the connotation carrier of tourism.

From the above discussion, we can see that the word "tourism experience" is put forward by foreign scholars and is studied deeply. Domestic research began at the end of the 20th century, with Xie Yanjun taking the lead. With the advance of time, scholars are constantly exploring, The definition of tourism experience is becoming more and more mature, and the content is more and more abundant. After the concept of tourism experience has been gradually popularized and recognized, many academic monographs and periodicals have borrowed these concepts and applied them to the field of tourism practice. Therefore, the concept of tourism experience can be considered as accompanying tourism, which is a comprehensive psychological perception and result formed by tourists visiting different places and participating in the process of experiencing exotic demeanor.

Overview of ecotourism research

The origin of ecotourism is a process, its germination can be traced back to the middle of the 20 th century.Hetzer, used the concept of ecology in 1965 to think about the responsibility of tourism development process, to avoid the damage to the natural and humanistic ecological environment caused by the unfavorable development of tourism, and to regard this idea as the germination of ecotourism.However, ecotourism became a professional academic term for academic circles in the early 1980s.Moulin,1980 published an academic paper on community participation in eco- culture, using the concept of eco-tourism when targeting the natural and social environment in rural tourism.After that, different scholars began to study ecotourism in all aspects and defined the concept of ecotourism differently.

The study of ecotourism has been fruitful for more than half a century since its germination. There is no unified view on the definition and extension of ecotourism.

Moulin introduced the definition of ecological tourism concept in 1980 for the situational use of rural tourism development. Ecological tourism is the integration of

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19 tourists with scenery, ecological environment, atmosphere and customs, and does not cause them to be destroyed.

Elizabeth Boo defined ecotourism in 1990 as a tourist activity carried out in natural areas that are less or free from human interference and pollution for special purposes such as enjoying, visiting and enjoying natural scenery and studying ecological plants and animals. In 1992, it was supplemented with a clear goal of appreciating or studying natural ecology and related cultural characteristics, taking into account social and economic benefits, such as the financing of protected areas, the employment of community residents, and social and environmental education. And finally achieve sustainable development of natural tourism.

Ecotourism Sociecy in 1993 there was a more official definition of ecotourism as a tourism activity that takes into account the protection of the ecological environment and the interests of the community

Wang Xingbin also put forward his own statement on ecotourism in 1996. He thinks that ecotourism is a new tourism product aimed at appreciating the ecological environment, realizing the beauty of the ecological environment, maintaining the ecological balance, popularizing and propagating ecological knowledge, etc. Its tourism attraction is social ecology and natural ecology.

All the above definitions can explain that the concept of ecotourism in academic circles is more and more vague, the research is not thorough, and the process of studying the concept of ecotourism is still very long. Although the connotation of ecotourism has not yet formed a unified understanding, we can also find that there are some common understanding bases, including: ecotourism is sustainable tourism, the main tourist attraction of ecotourism is ecological environment, ecotourism is education and fun tourism, ecotourism can realize the unity of social, economic and environmental benefits.

As we all know, theory comes from practice. Before the concept of ecotourism was put forward, there were practical cases of ecotourism. With regard to the embryonic form of ecotourism, it is estimated that China and foreign countries have already had it, such as the ancient thought of the unity of nature and man in China, the description of Taohuayuan and so on, all of which are in line with the concept of ecotourism. The practice of ecotourism is accompanied by the establishment of nature reserve. Yellowstone National Park (Yellow National Park), the earliest nature reserve in the world, was first built in 1872. This is the first time that the United States has responded positively to the impact and threat of industrial civilization on the ecological environment. At this time, the national park has its unique connotation: (1)

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it is an area protected by national laws and cannot be infringed; (2) it is of scientific value to protect wildlife, geology and geomorphology, primitive landscape and hydrological posture in the area; (3) it is forbidden to kill wild animals privately and destroy and collect plants. From these connotations, we can know that the nature reserve was only to protect natural resources. By the middle and late 20th century, the national economic recovery in the world, people demand more outdoor recreation space, which promotes the upgrading of the function of nature reserves. With the emergence of problems and the interlacing of problem solving, the tourism development of nature reserves has a functional zoning model to ensure that nature reserves can be effectively protected. Ecotourism is slowly formed on the basis of nature reserves.

The development of ecotourism scenic spots in China also predates the concept of ecotourism. Of course, the way of development is also in the form of nature reserves. The development track of ecotourism scenic spots is consistent with the trend of the world. China's first nature reserve - the Dinghu Mountain Nature Reserve in Guangdong, opening the prelude to the development of China's nature reserve. With the requirements of the organization and meeting of world environmental protection, our country has made corresponding adjustments and kept following up. By 2000, China had a network of more than 800 nature reserves.

National scenic spots are "national parks" with Chinese characteristics. National wind scenic spots and foreign national parks are a level concept and belong to the system of nature reserves. With the expansion of the demand of recreation market, these scenic spots have gradually become the object of tourism development. In order to protect and develop these scenic spots reasonably, the state is involved in organizing investigation, evaluation, planning and evaluation, and upgrading them to key scenic spots. In 2000, China established more than 500 scenic spots, and more than 120 national scenic spots, but also hot tourist attractions.

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21 Conceptual framework and Research Hypothesis

Figure 2 The development relationship of each analysis factor

Source: Liu Guoping. 2014. Research on the development of Yunding ecotourism scenic spot in China from the perspective of tourism experience. Fujian normal University.

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Locale of the Study

Daming Mountain Scenic Area, Nanning City, Guangxi Autonomous Region.

Population and Sampling Procedures

The main population of this study is the tourists who have been to Daming Mountain Scenic Area in the past two years.

This study uses random sampling to obtain information on tourists who have been to Daming Mountain Scenic Area in the past two years. The questionnaire was conducted via the Internet. Therefore, data can be obtained from samples. Because Daming Mountain is a famous scenic spot in Guangxi, the number of tourists entering the scenic spot reached a peak of 4,500 at some point in the past two years. The average number of people entering the scenic spot every day is 1,000. The total amount of samples in this study cannot be estimated.

The confidence interval of this study is 95%, and the 95% confidence interval will include the overall mean, and the corresponding Z standardized score is 1.96.

Choose the appropriate sample size by estimating the overall proportion. Use the Cochran formula:

n=[zα/2²P(1-P)]÷E²

n=[0.5(1-0.5)(1.96)²]÷(0.05)² n≈349

n= sample size

Z= confidence section

P= with relevant attributes Proportion of population (estimated) E= error margin

So the sample size of this study is between 349~400 Research Instrument

The statistical measurement method is used to deal with the data collected in the early stage and the results of questionnaire arrangement. By observing and

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23 analyzing the characteristics of the data, the conclusion of seeking truth from facts is obtained. Through SPSS 22.0 descriptive exploration, reliability and validity test and correlation study of the questionnaire data, combined with factor analysis, and finally using structural equation analysis software AMOS analyze the relationship between the development and construction of scenic spots in Daming Mountain Eco-tourism area and the satisfaction degree of tourism destination experience, test the research hypothesis and draw a conclusion.

Data Gathering

This research method includes five basic links: proposing topics or hypotheses, research design, collecting literature, sorting out literature and conducting literature review. Through the collection and identification of books, periodicals and newspapers and other related documents, the paper collates the materials suitable for this paper, and combs the relevant knowledge elements to achieve the purpose of standing on the shoulders of giants to do research.

In order to obtain the first-hand information of the empirical research objects, a questionnaire for tourists was designed, and the questionnaire was conducted through the Internet. Ask for instructions to fill in relevant questions and comments on the research design. Organize and analyze the sub-volumes, find out the problems and laws reflected in them, and provide empirical data for research.

Research Duration

2 months.

Research Budgeting

The pre-distribution of this study questionnaire has not been carried out, the overall budget includes material printing, tickets, accommodation and other parts, personal forecast is around 1500-2000 yuan.

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CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Analysis of tourist demographic characteristics angle

Table 1 Statistical Table of Demographic Characteristics of Tourist in Daming Mountain Scenic Area

STATISTICAL

INDICATORS CLASSIFICATION INDICATORS NUMBER OF

PEOPLE PERCENT

GENDER male 187 48.1

female 202 51.9

AGE Age under 25 years 62 15.9

25-30 years 135 34.8

30-45 years 82 21.1

45-55 years 94 24.1

Over 55 16 4.1

HOME LOCATION

Nanning Local Area 157 40.3

Guangxi outside Nanning 144 37.1

Outside Guangxi 79 20.3

overseas 9 2.3

OCCUPATION

worker 18 4.6

Retired 23 5.9

national public servant 115 29.5

medical personnel 19 4.8

Laid-off, unemployed, unemployed 23 5.9

Science, education , culture , health and sports workers

73 18.7

Individual private enterprise, individual business enterprise

55 14.1

Business management personnel 14 3.5

Freelance 37 9.5

other 12 3

the analyzing of eco-tourism from the perspective

THE ANALYZING OF ECO-TOURISM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM EXPERIENCE: A CASE STUDY OF

DAMING MOUNTAIN, GUANGXI, CHINA

ZHIFAN LI

MASTER OF ARTS IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT (INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM)

MAEJO UNIVERSITY

2022

THE ANALYZING OF ECO-TOURISM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM EXPERIENCE: A CASE STUDY OF

DAMING MOUNTAIN, GUANGXI, CHINA

ZHIFAN LI

A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT (INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM)

ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT MAEJO UNIVERSITY 2022

บทคัดย่อ

ABSTRACT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Tables

List of Figures

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW AND RELATED STUDY

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION