Contents
Preface vii
Author and editorial advisers Author
Editorial advisers Acknowledgements
Chapter 1 Women and tobacco: the issues at stake 1 Chapter 2 Women and tobacco use: patterns and
trends 3
Global overview 6
Tobacco use 6
Tobacco-related morbidity and mortality 7 Worldwide prevalence of tobacco consumption
by women 9
Developed countries 13
The current situation 13
Young women and smoking 15
Groups at high risk 18
Developing countries 20
Evolution of tobacco use among women 21
Regional patterns 22
Monitoring the epidemic 28
Chapter 3 Tobacco or health 3 1
Constituents of tobacco 3 1
Constituents of tobacco smoke 3 1 Constituents of smokeless tobacco 32
Nicotine dependence 33
Mortality and morbidity 34
WOMEN AND TOBACCO
Cardiovascular diseases Coronary heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Atherosclerosis
Aortic aneurysm Hypertension Cancer
Lung cancer Other cancers
Bronchopulmonary diseases Reproductive health
Other effects on well-being Smoking and occupational health Passive smoking
Health consequences for women Health consequences for children Economic consequences
Assessing further the effects of the epidemic Chapter 4 Why women start and continue to smoke
When young girls start smoking Why young girls start smoking
Sociocultural factors Personal factors Environmental factors
Why do smokers continue to smoke?
Physiological factors Psychosocial factors Social environment Which women smoke?
Women as role models Documenting the epidemic
Chapter 5 Prevention and cessation of tobacco use Preventing the uptake of smoking
Information and health education Promoting a tobacco-free image
Restrictions on the availability of tobacco
CONTENTS
Cessation of tobacco use
The benefits of smoking cessation Quitting techniques
Relieving social pressure Role of health professionals Halting the epidemic
Chapter 6 Women against tobacco: a strategy for individual, community, national and international action
A worldwide strategy
Identify and strengthen the strategists Improve knowledge
Provide the tools References
Selected further reading
Annex l Survey on tobacco use Summary country profile
Guidance for the completion of the country profile
