請分辨以下的子音是[s]或[z]。

Point 2 從屬連接詞

K. 音標符號表1-1發音位置圖

10. 請分辨以下的子音是[s]或[z]。

(1) reason

(2) kiss

專有名詞

指某特定人、事、物、地專用的名稱，常見的有：

(1)人名（Tom Smith, William Shakespeare…）

。

(2)地名（Taiwan, New York…）

。

(3)節日／月份名／星期（Mother’s Day／September／Friday…）

。

(4)報刊雜誌名（TIME, Taiwan News…）等。

◎特色：(1)起首字母大寫。(2)通常不需要冠詞。(3)沒有複數形式。

普通名 詞

可數

指具有固定形式的人或事物所共同使用的名稱，如：book, student,

animal, farm, flower

等。

◎特色：有單、複數之分。

不可數

(1)指存在人類四周可感覺得到，但沒有具體形狀，無法觸摸的性質、

概念或狀態的名稱，如：love, honesty, health 等。

(2)表示東西的材質，如：butter, water, meat, iron

等。

普通可數名詞都有單、複數之分。原則上，名詞的複數是在單數名詞字尾加 s。因為 發音或拼字的緣故，複數詞尾會有以下幾種不同形式：

(1)單數名詞字尾為s, x, z, ch, sh

則加

es

，如：

buses, foxes, quizzes, churches, dishes。

(2)單數名詞字尾為y

，且前面為子音時，將

y

改

i

，再加

es

，如：

babies, cities, parties

。

(3)單數名詞字尾為y，且前面為母音時，只加s，如：boys, days, keys。

(4)單數名詞字尾為「子音 + o」

，加

es，如：heroes, tomatoes, potatoes。

(5)單數名詞字尾為「母音 + o」

，只加

s，如：kangaroos, radios, zoos。

(6)另有名詞複數不規則變化，如：foot→feet／child →children／mouse →mice

等。

2-1

名詞的種類

2-2

名詞的複數

( ) 1. There are many around here.

(A) child (B) mouse (C) garbage (D) stores ( ) 2. Look! There are in the kitchen.

(A) one kid (B) three mice (C) a lot of yogurt (D) the only knife ( ) 3. I like in the countryside.

(A) fresh air (B) clean river

(C) friendly person (D) wide road

小試身手

-ness：加於形容詞之後，形成抽象名詞。

 careless [`kErlIs^]

→

carelessness [`kErlIsnIs^]

粗心

 happy [`h8pI^]

→

happiness [`h8pInIs^]

快樂

 kind [kAnd]

→

kindness [`kAndnIs]

仁慈

 lazy ^[`lezI^]

→

laziness [`lezInIs^]

懶惰

 sad [s8d^]

→

sadness [`s8dnIs]

悲傷

 useful ^[`jusf6l]

→

usefulness [`jusf6lnIs]

有用

-tion：加於動詞之後，形成抽象名詞。

 act [8kt]

→

action [`8kS6n]

動作

 invite [In`vAt^]

→

invitation ['Inv6`teS6n^]

邀請

 collect [k6`lEkt^]

→

collection [k6`lEkS6n^]

蒐集

 pollute ^[p6`lut]

→

pollution [p6`luS6n]

汙染

 converse [k6n`v2s]

→

conversation [`kanvR`seS6n]

會話

 celebrate ^[`sEl6'bret^]

→

celebration ['sEl6`breS6n]

慶祝活動

1

2

3-1

常見的名詞字尾：-ness; -tion; -ment

-ment：加於動詞之後，形成抽象名詞。

 agree [6`gri^]

→

agreement [6`grim6nt^]

同意

 develop [dI`vEl6p]

→

development [dI`vEl6pm6nt]

發展

 enjoy [In`d3cI]

→

enjoyment [In`d3cIm6nt]

享受

 move ^[muv^]

→

movement [`muvm6nt^]

動作

 pay [pe^]

→

payment [`pem6nt^]

支付

請填入適當的字詞變化

1. With the (develop) in medicine, people can live longer.

2. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are going to hold a birthday (celebrate) for their son.

3. Money cannot buy (happy). It lies in contentment（知足）.

4. I got an (invite) to my best friend’s wedding. I felt so happy for her.

5. Because of his (careless), he didn’t pass the exam.

小試身手

3-2

常見表身分或職業之字尾：-er; -or; -ess; -ist; -man; -woman; -person

3

-er 或 -or：附加於動詞之後，表身分或職業。

 teach ^[

titS

] → teacher ^[

`titSR

] 教師

 wait ^[

wet

] → waiter ^[

`wetR

] 男服務生

 vend ^[

vEnd

] → vendor ^[

`vEndR

] 小販；自動販賣機

 visit ^[

`vIzIt

] → visitor ^[

`vIzItR

] 訪客；參觀者

-ess：常表女性身分或職業。

 prince ^[

prIns

^] → princess ^[

`prInsIs

^] 公主

 act ^[

8kt

] → actress ^[

`8ktrIs

] 女演員

-ist：表示具特殊技能或思想的人。

 science ^[

`sA6ns

] → scientist ^[

`sA6ntIst

] 科學家

 art ^[

art

] → artist ^[

`artIst

] 藝術家

-man、-woman、-person：字尾加 man 或 woman 表身分或職業，現代 英文為了避免性別爭議，常使用中性字尾 -person。

 business ^[

`bIznIs

] → businessman ^[`

bIznIs'm8n

]；

businesswoman [`

bIznIs'wUm6n

^]；businessperson [

`bIznIs'p2sN

^] 商人

 mail ^[

mel

^] → mailman ^[

`mel'm8n

^]；mail carrier [

mel `k8rIR

^] 郵差

 sale ^[

sel

] → salesman ^[

`selzm6n

]；saleswoman [

`selz'wUm6n

]；salesperson

[

`selz'p2sN

^] 推銷員

 chair ^[

tSEr

^] → chairman ^[

`tSErm6n

^]；chairwoman [

`tSEr'wUm6n

^]；chairperson

[

`tSEr'p2sN

] 主席

請填入適當的字詞變化

1. Bill Gates is a very successful (business).

2. When the police come near, the street (vend) begin to run away.

3. I dreamed of becoming a (teach). However, now I am a (science).

4. The famous (act) plays the role of the (prince) very well.

5. The service in that restaurant is excellent. All the (wait) are very polite.

小試身手

2

3

4 1

-ful：加於名詞之後，形成形容詞，表示「充滿……的」。

 care [kEr]

→

careful [`kErf6l]

小心的

 color [`kVlR]

→

colorful [`kVlRf6l]

色彩繽紛的

 help [hElp]

→

helpful [`hElpf6l]

有幫助的

 success ^[s6k`sEs]

→

successful [s6k`sEsf6l]

成功的

 use [jus]

→

useful [`jusf6l]

有用的

 wonder ^[`wVndR]

→

wonderful [`wVndRf6l]

神奇的

-less：加於名詞之後，形成形容詞，表示「無……的」。

 care [kEr]

→

careless [`kErlIs]

粗心的

 child [tSAld]

→

childless [`tSAldlIs]

無小孩的

 color [`kVlR]

→

colorless [`kVlRlIs]

無色的

 help ^[hElp]

→

helpless [`hElplIs]

無助的

 home [hom]

→

homeless [`homlIs]

無家的

 use [jus]

→

useless [`juslIs]

無用的

4-1

常見的形容詞字尾：-ful; -less; -able

1

2

-able：

加於名詞或動詞之後，形成形容詞，表示「具有……的性質」 、 「能夠……

的」、 「可以……的」 。

 comfort [`kVmfRt]

→

comfortable [`kVmfRt6bL]

舒適的

 fashion [`f8S6n]

→

fashionable [`f8S6n6bL]

時尚的

 value [`v8ljU]

→

valuable [`v8lj6bL]

有價值的

 believe ^[b6`liv]

→

believable [b6`liv6bL]

可信任的

 change [tSend3]

→

changeable [`tSend36bL]

多變的

請填入適當的字詞變化

1. The weather in Taipei is (change). It’s changing all the time.

2. He didn’t know what to do and felt (help).

3. The dictionary is very (use) to me. It helps me learn English better.

4. He is a very (care) student. There are a lot of mistakes in his writing.

5. May is a (success) businesswoman. She makes a lot of money every year.

小試身手

4-2

常見的形容詞字尾：-ous; -al; -ive; -y

3

-ous：表示「……的」、

「具有……的」 。

 danger [`dend3R]

→

dangerous [`dend36r6s]

危險的

 fame [fem]

→

famous [`fem6s]

有名的

 humor [`hjumR]

→

humorous [`hjum6r6s]

有幽默感的

 nerve [n2v]

→

nervous [`n2v6s]

神經的；緊張的

-al：表示「……的」

。

 center [`sEntR]

→

central [`sEntr6l]

中心的

 nation [`neS6n]

→

national [`n8S6nL]

國家的

 nature [`netSR]

→

natural [`n8tS6r6l]

自然的；天生的

 person ^[`p2sN]

→

personal [`p2sNL]

私人的

-ive：表示「……的」、

「具有……的性質」 。

 act [8kt]

→

active [`8ktIv]

活潑的；主動的

 expense [Ik`spEns]

→

expensive [Ik`spEnsIv]

昂貴的

 talk [tck]

→

talkative [`tck6tIv]

健談的

 attract ^[6`tr8kt]

→

attractive [6`tr8ktIv]

吸引人的

-y：表示「……的」

、「多……的」。

 cloud [klWd]

→

cloudy [`klWdI]

多雲的

 rain [ren]

→

rainy [`renI]

多雨的

 anger [`89gR]

→

angry [`89grI]

生氣的

 hunger ^[`kV9gR]

→

hungry [`hV9grI]

飢餓的

 health [hElZ]

→

healthy [`hElZI]

健康的

 luck ^[lVk]

→

lucky [`lVkI]

幸運的

請填入適當的字詞變化

1. I didn’t sleep well last night because it was too (noise) outside.

2. Kelly is good at music; she has a (nature) talent for music.

3. After working all day, Jack felt very (hunger). He could eat a horse.

小試身手

2

3

4 1

4. Even though he became (fame) at an early age, he cares very little for fame.

5. I like this skirt very much but it is too (expense). I really need to cut my expense.

許多「情緒」動詞在字尾加上-ing 或-ed 就變成形容詞。一般而言，-ing 表示「令 人……的」；-ed 表示「感到……的」。

boring adj. [`borI9^]

令人無聊的 ；bored adj.

[bord^]

感到無聊的

◆ The writing practice is boring.（寫作練習令人覺得無聊。）

◆ I felt bored with this writing practice.（我對這寫作練習感到無聊。）

confusing adj. [k6n`fjuzI9^]

令人困惑的；

confused adj.[k6n`fjuzd^]

感到困惑 的

◆ The questions were confusing.（這些問題令人困惑。）

◆ The students were confused by the questions.

（學生們對這些問題感到困惑。）

exciting adj. [Ik`sAtI9^]

令人興奮的；excited adj.

[Ik`sAtId^]

感到興奮的

◆ There was an exciting baseball game yesterday.

（昨天有場令人興奮的棒球賽。）

◆ Jack felt excited about the coming baseball game.

（Jack 對即將來臨的棒球賽感到興奮。）

4-3

常見的形容詞字尾：-ing; -ed

2 1

3

embarrassing adj. [Im`b8r6sI9^]

令人尷尬的；embarrassed adj.

[Im`b8r6st^]

感到尷尬的

◆ Taking off the clothes in front of the doctor was embarrassing.

（在醫生面前寬衣這件事令人尷尬。）

◆ Donna felt embarrassed about taking off the clothes in front of the doctor.

（Donna 對在醫生面前寬衣這件事感到尷尬。）

interesting adj. [`Int6rIstI9^]

有趣的；interested adj.

[`Int6rIstId^]

感興趣的

◆ The story sounds very interesting to me.（這故事我聽起來很有趣。）

◆ I am interested in the story.（我對這故事感興趣。）

請填入適當的字詞變化

1. Our boss was (satisfy) with our report. He said we did a good job.

2. May came home very late recently; her parents were (worry) about her.

3. I can’t answer your questions now. I just feel so (confuse).

4. Jim likes to tell those (bore) jokes. You’d better stay away from him.

5. That’s really an (embarrass) question. You shouldn’t ask a girl about her weight.

小試身手

4

5

in-：附加於單字之前，表否定意味。

 convenient [k6n`vinj6nt]

→

inconvenient ['Ink6n`vinj6nt]

不方便的

 expensive [Ik`spEnsIv]

→

inexpensive ['InIk`spEnsIv]

價格低廉的

im-：附加於字首為m、p

或

b

的單字之前，表否定意味。

 polite [p6`lAt]

→

impolite ['Imp6`lAt]

無禮的

 patient [`peS6nt]

→

impatient [Im`peS6nt]

沒耐心的

 mature [m6`tUr]

→

immature ['Im6`tUr]

不成熟的

 possible ^[`pas6bL]

→

impossible [Im`pas6bL]

不可能的

il-：附加於字首為l

的單字前，表否定意味。

 legal [`ligL]

→

illegal [I`ligL]

非法的

 logical [`lad3IkL]

→

illogical [I`lad3IkL]

不合邏輯的

ir-：附加於字首為r

的單字前，表否定意味。

 responsible [rI`spans6bL]

→

irresponsible ['IrI`spans6bL]

無責任感的

 regular [`rEgj6lR]

→

irregular [I`rEgj6lR]

不規則的

5-1

常見表否定意味之字首：in-; im-; il-; ir-

2

3

4 1

請填入適當的字詞變化

1. Life in America is very (convenient) if you don’t have a car.

2. Smoking in public places is (legal) in Taiwan.

3. You are too (patient) to take care of a baby.

4. I don’t have much money so I can only buy these (expensive) shoes.

5. Bill is a very (responsible) boy. You can’t trust him.

un-：

 happy [`h8pI]

→

unhappy [Vn`h8pI]

不快樂的

 lock [lak]

→

unlock [Vn`lak]

開鎖

 like [lAk]

→

unlike [Vn`lAk]

不像

 friendly ^[`frEndlI]

→

unfriendly [Vn`frEndlI]

不友善的

dis-：

 honest [`anIst]

→

dishonest [dIs`anIst]

不誠實的

 believe [b6`liv]

→

disbelieve ['dIsb6`liv]

不信

 agree [6`gri]

→

disagree ['dIs6`gri]

不同意

 like ^[lAk]

→

dislike [dIs`lAk]

不喜歡 小試身手

5-2

常見表否定意味之字首：un-; dis-; mis-

1

2

注意 like 的詞性與意思，作為介系詞時，

like

意為「像……」 ，其反義字為

unlike

； 作為動詞時，意為「喜歡」 ，其反義字為 dislike。

mis-：表否定或錯誤。

 trust [trVst]

信任 →

mistrust [mIs`trVst]

不相信

 use [juz]

使用 →

misuse [mIs`juz]

誤用

請填入適當的字詞變化

1. Peter likes ice cream. (like) him, I (like) ice cream.

2. Our neighbors are very (friendly) to us. They never greet us.

3. She is a(n) (honest) girl. She likes to tell lies.

4. This door is locked. Do you have the key? Can you (lock) it for me?

5. I (agree) with my father on this. I think he is wrong.

小試身手

3

uni-：表「唯一；單一」之意。

 form [fcrm]

→

uniform [`jun6`fcrm]

制服

 cycle [`sAkL]

→

unicycle [`jun6'sAkL]

單輪車

bi-：表「二；雙」之意。

 cycle [`sAkL] → bicycle [`bA'sIkL]

二輪腳踏車

 weekly [`wiklI] → biweekly [bA`wiklI]

雙週的

tri-：表「三」之意。

 cycle [`sAkL]

→

tricycle [`trAsIkL]

三輪車

 angle [`89gL]

角 →

triangle [`trA'8ngL]

三角形

sub-：表「在……之下；次一等」之意。

 way [we]

→

subway [`sVb'we]

地下鐵

 culture [`kVltSR]

→

subculture [sVb`kVltSR]

次文化

tele-：表「遠的；電傳」之意。

 vision [`vI36n]

→

television [`tEl6'vI36n]

電視

 course [kors]

→

telecourse [`tEl6kcrs]

電視廣播課程

1

2

3

4

5

5-3

其他常見字首：uni-; bi-; tri-; sub-; tele-; re-; pre-

re-：表「再」之意。

 write [rAt]

→

rewrite [ri`rAt]

重寫

 view [vju]

→

review [rI`vju]

複習

pre-：表「在……之前」之意。

 historic [hIs`tcrIk]

→

prehistoric ['prihIs`tcrIk]

史前的

 war [wcr]

→

prewar [pri`wcr]

戰前的

請填入適當的字詞變化

1. Our school has a (weekly) newspaper. It comes out every other week.

2. A good student always (view) the lessons after teachers teach them.

3. I have to (write) my homework because the teacher thought I didn’t do my best.

4. London is the first city that has a (way) system.

5. Junior high school students have to wear (form) to school.

小試身手

6

7

附-1

bet bet bet 打賭

cost cost cost 花費

cut cut cut 切

hit hit hit 打；擊中

hurt hurt hurt 傷害

let let let 讓

put put put 放置

quit quit quit 放棄

read read read 閱讀

set set set 放；設置

beat beat beaten 拍打；

跳動

become became become 變成

come came come 來

run ran run 跑

bless blessed/

blest

blessed/

blest 保佑

bring brought brought 帶來

build built built 建造

buy bought bought 購買

catch caught caught 接住

dig dug dug 挖；掘

deal dealt dealt 處理

dream dreamed/

dreamt

dreamed/

dreamt 作夢

feed fed fed 餵

feel felt felt 感覺

fight fought fought 打仗

find found found 找到

hang hanged hanged 絞死

hang hung hung 懸掛

have/has had had 有

hear heard heard 聽見

hold held held 握；拿

keep kept kept 保持

lead led led 引導；

通往 learn learned/

learnt

learned/

learnt 學習

leave left left 留下；

離開

lend lent lent 借給

lie lied lied 說謊

light lighted/lit lighted/lit 照亮

lose lost lost 失去

make made made 製造

mean meant meant 意指

pay paid paid 付錢

say said said 說

sell sold sold 賣

send sent sent 寄

sit sat sat 坐

sleep slept slept 睡覺

slide slid slid 滑行

smell smelled/

smelt

smelled/

smelt 聞

spell spelled/

spelt

spelled/

spelt 拼寫

spend spent spent 花費

stand stood stood 站立

swing swung swung 揮打

teach taught taught 教

AAA

AAB

ABA

ABB

附-2 understand understood understood 了解

win won won 贏（得）

am/is was been 是

are were been 是

begin began begun 開始

bite bit bitten 咬；啃

blow blew blown 吹；颳

break broke broken 弄壞

choose chose chosen 選擇

do did done 做

draw drew drawn 畫畫

drink drank drunk 喝

drive drove driven 駕駛

eat ate eaten 吃

fall fell fallen 掉落

fly flew flown 飛行

give gave given 給

go went gone 去

grow grew grown 使生長

lie lay lain 躺

ride rode ridden 騎

ring rang rung 按鈴

rise rose risen 升起

see saw seen 看

shake shook shaken 搖動

sing sang sung 唱歌

speak spoke spoken 說；講

swim swam swum 游泳

take took taken 拿走

throw threw thrown 扔；丟

wake woke woken 醒來

wear wore worn 穿戴

write wrote written 寫

forget forgot forgotten/

forgot 忘記

get got gotten/got 獲得

show showed shown/

showed 給……看

ABC