1. J. Kent Crawford, The Strategic Project Office: A Guide to Improving Orga- nizational Performance, Marcel Dekker, 2001.
2. Gary Hamel, Leading the Revolution, Plume, 2002.
3. Jeannette Cabanis-Brewin, Interview with Richard Russell of the Balanced Scorecard Collaborative, Project Management Best Practices Report, Sep- tember 2000.
4. Joe Mullich, Human Resources’ Goals Work Best When They’re Tied to Company Success, Workforce Management, December 2003.
5. Jeremy Hope and Robin Fraser, Figures of hate: traditional budgets hold companies back, restrict staff creativity and prevent them from responding to customers, Financial Management, February 2001.
6. Gene Slowinski, Zia Rafii, John Tao, Lawrence Gollob, Matthew Sagal, and Krish Krishnamurthy, After the acquisition: managing paranoid people in schizophrenic organizations, Research Technology Management, May–June 2002. Other resources: Maslow, A., Motivation and Personality, Harper &
Row, New York, 1954; Nonaka, I., A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge, Organizational Science, Vol. 5, No. 1, February 1994; Feldman, M. L. and Spratt, M.F., Post-Merger Integration, pp. 409–417 in Rock, M.L., Rock, R.H., and Sikora, M., The Mergers and Acquisitions Handbook, 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1994.
7. Jeannette Cabanis-Brewin, Fooling with tools: project portfolio manage- ment: what it isn’t, Project Management Best Practices Report Executive Briefing, Winter 2003.
8. Michael Starkey and Neil Woodcock, ‘I wouldn’t start from here’: finding a way in CRM projects, Journal of Database Marketing, Sept. 2001; also Taylor, A., IT projects: sink or swim, Computer Bulletin, January 2000.
9. Jeremy Hope and Robin Fraser, ibid.; also Russ Banham, Revolution in planning, CFO Magazine, August 1999; Corporate strategic planning suffers from inefficiencies, PR Newswire, 25 Oct. 1999.
10. The Balanced Scorecard, briefly, allows companies to assess the knowl- edge, skills, and systems that employees have or will need to innovate and build the right strategic capabilities and ef ficiencies (the internal processes) that deliver specific value to customers, which will eventually lead to higher shareholder value (the financials). For more about applying the scorecard concept to project management, see Chapter 8.
11. Mike Bourne, Patience charter, Financial Management, March 2002.
12. Jason Oliveira, The Balanced Scorecard: an integrative approach to per- formance evaluation, Healthcare Financial Management, May 1, 2001. Also Kaplan, Robert S. and Norton, David P., The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA, 1996.
13. David Gilmour, presentation at the Project Leadership Conference, March 2002.
14. Michael Starkey and Neil Woodcock, presentation at the Project Leadership Conference, March 2002.
Introduction xxxiii
15. Breaking HR’s vicious cycle, Canadian HR Reporter, December 3, 2001, www.hrreporter.com, article #1448.
16. Gopika Kannan and K.B. Akhilesh, Human capital knowledge value added:
a case study in infotech, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 2002.
17. From an Accenture study of 200 CEOs, COOs, CFOs, CIOs, and others in the United States, Europe, and Australia, cited in Workforce Magazine, August 2003.
18. Jeannette Cabanis-Brewin, Your career: project of a lifetime, PM Network, April 1996.
19. Ritu Agarwal, Crafting an HR strategy to meet the need for IT workers, Communications of the ACM, July 2001. Also Becker, B. and Gerhart, B., The impact of human resource management on organizational perfor- mance: progress and prospects, Academy of Management Executive, Aug.
1996, p. 779–801; Ferratt, T. and Short, L., Are information systems people different: an investigation of motivational differences, MIS Quarterly, Dec.
1986, 377–387; Pfeffer, J., Competitive Advantage through People, Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA, 1994; see also Pfeffer, J., Hatano, T., and Santalainen, T., Producing sustainable competitive advantage through the effective management of people, Academy of Management Executive, Feb. 1995, 55–72; U.S. Department of Commerce, America’s New Deficit: The Shortage of Information Technology Workers, Office of Tech- nology Policy, Washington, D.C., Sept. 29, 1997; and Walton, R., From control to commitment in the workplace, Harvard Business Review, March 1985, p. 77–84.
20. James R. Lucas, The Passionate Organization: Igniting the Fire of Employee Commitment, AMACOM, 2001.
21. Kevin Ward, Damian Grimshaw, Jill Rubery, and Huw Beynon, Dilemmas in the management of temporary work agency staff, Human Resource Management Journal, 2001.
22. From an Accenture study of 200 CEOs, COOs, CFOs, CIOs, and others in the United States, Europe, and Australia, cited in Workforce Magazine, August 2003.
23. Richard McDermott, Ph.D., Knowing is a human act: how infor mation technology inspired, but cannot deliver knowledge management, Califor- nia Management Review, Summer 1999. Also Jolene Galegher, Robert Kraut, and Carmen Egido, 1990, Intellectual Teamwork, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; Majchrzak, J. and Q. Wang, 1996, Breaking the func- tional mindset in process organizations, Harvard Business Review, 74,5;
Wenger, Etienne, Communities of Practice, Cambridge University Press, 1998.
24. Gopika Kannan and K.B. Akhilesh, Human capital knowledge value added:
a case study in infotech, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 2002.
25. Accenture study, ibid.
26. Jac Fitz-Enz, The ROI of Human Capital, AMACOM, 2000; Watson Wyatt, The Human Capital Index, www.watsonwyatt.com.
27. Jeremy Hope and Robin Fraser, ibid.
xxxiv Optimizing Human Capital
28. Stephen J. Bradley, What’s working? Briefing and evaluating workplace performance improvement, Journal of Corporate Real Estate, April 2002.
Also a reading list on workplace innovation and measurement can be found on www.spaceforbiz.com; Becker, E.D., New Measures for New Ways of Working’, IWSP News, Cornell University, December, 1997; Vischer, J.C., Workspace Strategies: Environment as a Tool for Work, Chapman &
Hall, 1996; Cornell International Workplace Studies Program, pp. 129ff;
Meyer, C., How the right measures help teams excel, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 95–10, 1994; Kadzis, R., Measuring Workplace Performance in the Information Age, Site Selection, August–September, 1998.
29. What You Need for a Strategic HR Plan, Workforce, October 1, 2001.
30. George F. Farris and Rene Cordero, Leading your scientists and engineers, Research Technology Management, Nov.–Dec. 2002. Also Badawy, M.K., what we have learned about managing human resources, Research Tech- nology Management, September–October 1988, pp. 19–35; James, W.M., Best HR practices for today’s innovation management, Research Technology Management, January–February 2002, pp. 57–60; Amabile, T.M., How to kill creativity, Harvard Business Review, October 1998, pp. 77–87; Kochan- ski, J. and Ledford, G., How to keep me — Retaining technical profes- sionals, Research Technology Management, May–June 2001, pp. 31–38;
Petroni, A., Myths and misconceptions in current engineers’ management practices, Team Performance Management, 6, 2000, pp. 15–24; Cooper, R.G., Developing new products on time, in time, Research — Technology Management, Sept.–Oct. 1995, pp. 49–57; Ransley, D.L. and Rogers, J.L., A Consensus on best R&D practices, Research — Technology Management, Mar.–Apr. 1994, pp. 19–26; Thompson, P.H. and Dalton, G.W., Are R&D organizations obsolete?, Harvard Business Review, November–December 1976, pp. 105–116; Cordero, R., Farris, G.F., and DiTomaso, N., Technical professionals in cross-functional teams: their quality of work life, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 15, 1998, pp. 550–563; Reynes, R., Training to manage across silos, Research Technology Management, Sep- tember–October 1999, pp. 20–24; and Wageman, R., critical success factors for creating superb self managing teams, Organizational Dynamics, Sum- mer 1997, pp. 49–61.
31. Dennis Comninos and Anton Verwey, Business Focused Project Manage- ment, Management Services, January 2002. Other resources on this topic:
Tyrell, B., 1998, Customer futures: implications for relationship marketing, The International Journal of Customer Relationship Management, Vol. 1, No. 2.; Graham, R.J. and Englund, R.L., Creating an Environment for Successful Projects, Jossey-Bass, 1997; and Nicholas J.M., Managing Busi- ness & Engineering Projects — Concepts and Implementation, Prentice Hall, 1990.
32. Cristiano Busco, Angelo Riccaboni is professor of accounting, Robert Scapens, Culture vultures, Financial Management, March 2001.
Introduction xxxv
33. We distinguish between “managing by projects” and “project management.”
The latter is the application of standards and skills to bring an individual project to a successful outcome. “Managing by projects” is project man- agement raised to an enterprise, or business level. It is applying systems thinking to organizational life, recognizing that much of the activity within the organization is happening within projects, and managing the organi- zation therefore as a collection, or portfolio, of projects.
34. Esmeralda Garbi, Alternative measures of performance for e-companies: a comparison of approaches, Journal of Business Strategies, March 22, 2002.
35. Robert A. Neiman, Breakthrough capability, Executive Excellence, April 2002.
36. Betty E. Reed, Making things happen (better) with project management, AFP Exchange, May–June, 2001.
37. Neeli Bendapudi and Robert P. Leone, Managing business-to-business customer relationships following key contact employee tur nover in a vendor firm, Journal of Marketing,, Spring 2002.
38. Jeannette Cabanis-Brewin, Knowledge creation and projects: haven’t you learned your lesson yet?, Project Management Best Practices Report, March 2003.
39. Watson Wyatt, Human Capital Index, www.watsonwyatt.com/hci.
40. Ritu Agarwal, ibid.
41. Jeannette Cabanis-Brewin, Managing to estimate, People on Projects: The Project Management Best Practices Report, October 2003.
42. Paul J. Componation, Dawn R. Utley, RE., and James J. Swain, Using risk reduction to measure team performance, Engineering Management Jour- nal, December 2001.
43. Francis J. Quinn, Making change happen: an interview with John Kotter, Supply Chain Management Review, Nov./Dec. 2002.