هندسة المختبرات الكيميائية التطبيقية

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CURRICULUM FOR Department

Chemical Technology Major

Chemical Laboratories

Trimesters

1444 H – 2022 G

A Bachelor's Degree

جهانملل ةماعلا ةرادلإا Director General for Curricula

ةيبيردتلا ططـخلا ةينقتلا تايلكلل

Training Plans for Colleges of Technology

)ةعجارملا تحت( ةيلوأ ةخسن

Under Revision Draft

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1

Index

No.

Content Page

1. Index ¹

2. Program Description ²

3. Brief Description ³

4. Study Plan ⁷

5. Cover page of Courses Detail Description ¹¹

6. Advanced Organic Chemistry ¹²

7. Advanced Physical Chemistry ¹⁶

8. Inorganic Chemistry ¹⁹

9. Electrochemistry ²²

10. Computer Applications in Chemistry 24

11. Quantitative Analytical Chemistry Calculations ²⁶

12. Petrochemicals ²⁸

13. Instrumental Analysis 30

14. Organometallic Compounds Chemistry ³³

15. Organic Reactions Mechanisms 35

16. Polymer Science ³⁷

17. Corrosion ³⁹

18. Organic Compounds Spectra ⁴²

19. Inorganic Industries ⁴⁴

20. Radiation and Nuclear Chemistry ⁴⁶

21. Writing Skills ⁴⁹

22. Water Treatment ⁵¹

23. Renewable Energy ⁵³

24. Pharmaceuticals Chemistry 55

25. Appendix Laboratory Equipment, Workshops and Laboratories 58 26. List of Detailed Equipment for Each Laboratory, Workshop or Lab ⁵⁹

27. Organic Chemistry Lab ⁶⁰

28. Physical Chemistry Lab ⁶⁰

29. Spectroscopy Analysis Lab ⁶¹

30. Chemical Analysis Skills Lab ⁶¹

31. Computer Lab ⁶¹

32. References ⁶²

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2

Program Description

The goal of the program is to provide trainees with a high-quality applications-oriented undergraduate education based on state-of-the-art technological equipment associated with Chemical Laboratories in the department of Chemical Engineering. This goal is achieved through several objectives such as continuing to update specific courses in the program to ensure relevance to the latest industrial changes, supporting the development of appropriate computer facilities, promoting the integration of advanced technology in all courses, and encouraging professional growth. The program is designed to satisfy the educational needs of the Saudi Council of Engineers by providing a climate that fosters self-awareness, personal growth, and a desire for lifelong learning.

Trainees completing a major in Chemical Laboratories receive a strong foundation in Organic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry. The program curriculum includes Advanced Organic Chemistry, Advanced Physical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Computer Applications in Chemistry, Quantitative Analytical Chemistry Calculations, Petrochemicals, Instrumental Analysis, Organometallic Compounds Chemistry, Organic Reaction Mechanism, Polymer Science, Corrosion, Organic Compounds Spectra, Inorganic Industries, Radiation & Nuclear Chemistry and Graduation Project. Trainees have the opportunity to select additional elective courses, which are Writing Skills, Water Treatment, Renewable Energy and Pharmaceuticals Chemistry, in seventh semesters and ninth semesters. The faculty core courses provide the opportunity to improve writing skills. Mathematics and physics provide the background to help learn the Chemical Laboratories course material.

Graduates of the Chemical Laboratories major understand, analyze, and work effectively in Instrumental Analysis, Computer Applications in Chemistry, Methods of preparation of organic and inorganic compounds and studying of physical and electrical properties of chemical compounds. Graduates are working in petrochemical companies, food manufacturing, Research Centers Labs, Quality Control Laboratories, Water treatment and desalination, Cement factories, Pharmaceutical factories, Plastic factories and Metals and Minerals factories.

The bachelor degree program in Chemical Laboratories allows a plan that will necessarily be highly structured during six Trimesters. The program has 99 credit hours divided into obligatory courses and elective courses.

The Theoretical and Practical Tests and Graduation Projects Determine Learning Outcomes and Trainee Levels for each program. The training courses contain a theoretical part and a practical part. The practical part is tested as a practical test and the theoretical part is a theoretical test with different evaluation methods.

The Bachelor Degree Graduate gets the seventh level in the Saudi Arabian Qualifications Framework (SAQF).

Admission Requirements: The applicant must have a diploma in Chemical Laboratories.

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Brief Description

Course

Name Advanced Organic Chemistry Course

Code KCHM 311 Credit

Hours 5

Description

This course aims to enable the trainee understanding of principals of structures and bonding in organic compounds that are used in many fields of chemical industries.

Types of organic reactions and their mechanisms, nucleophilic substitution reactions, stereochemistry, benzene and aromaticity, electrophilic substitution of aromatics, carbonyl compounds, substitution of carbonyl compounds, and condensation reactions of carbonyls will be introduced in this course. Also, overview of amines and heterocyclic compounds will be taught in this course.

In the laboratory part of this course, student will be trained in preparation some organic compounds and the techniques for these experiments. As well as, extraction some natural organic compounds will extracted in the lab.

Course

Name Advanced Physical Chemistry Course

Hours 5

Description

The course aims to enable the trainee the skills and knowledge and various applications of physical chemistry. Calculations related to physical chemistry, Chemical kinetics, chemical thermodynamics, thermochemistry, chemical catalysis, adsorption, equilibrium, solutions and phase rule will be carried out in this course.

In the laboratory part of this course various advanced physical chemistry experiments related to the theoretical part will be carried out.

Course

Name Inorganic Chemistry Course

Hours 5

Description

The objective of this course is to introduce the trainee to the main group of elements in the periodic table, their properties with their compounds. In addition, the transition metal elements, their properties, compounds and applications will be covered in this course.

The practical part of the course contains qualitative analysis for cations, anions and the preparation of several types of complex compounds of transition elements.

Course

Name Organic Reaction Mechanism Course

Hours 4

Description

This course aims train trainee in drawing organic reaction mechanisms. It will contain the principal of reaction mechanisms, the nucleophiles and electrophiles species, drawing curved arrow to show electrons flowing, mechanisms nucleophilic substitutions at sp3 and at carbonyl, mechanisms of aromatic electrophilic substitutions, mechanisms of radicals, mechanisms in acidic and basic media, etc. Theoretical information where there will be a study of adopted fundamentals for drawing these mechanisms which is the basis for understanding the reactions of organic compounds.

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4 Course

Name Electrochemistry Course

Hours 4

Description This course aims at giving the trainee the skills, knowledge and applications of electrochemistry, electrochemical cells, types of electrodes, electrode potential, polarization of electrodes and electrolytic conductance.

Course Name

Computer Applications in Chemistry

Course

Hours 3

Description

This course will be designed to reinforce the trainee with the applications of computers in chemistry and how to utilize some software for chemistry learning. Also, it will cover a full range of the computer applications from popular and specialized software through online sources such as treating chemical data using excel and spreadsheets software, constructing log diagrams, simulation, structural searching, modeling, drug design. In addition to that, chemistry software like (Chem office, ChemDraw, Molecular modeling, jmol, structure searching) will be taught to understand the structures and properties of organic and inorganic compounds. Online sources of cheminformatics will be also taught in this course.

Course

Name Quantitative Analytical Chemistry

Calculations Course

Hours 3

Description

In this course training will be carried out on the methods of quantitative analytical chemistry calculations by two lectures per week. The course contains the international system of units, significant figures, experimental errors, statistical evaluation of analytical results, quality control and quality assurance, and calibration methods.

Also, spreadsheet will be taught for manipulating quantitative information, help students with calibration curves, statistical analysis, titration curves, and equilibrium problems.

Course

Name Petrochemicals Course

Code KCHE 341 Credit

Hours 2

Description

This course introduces the trainee to the various processes involved in the technology of petrochemicals production, the raw materials used, their composition, and processing.

It also deals with chemical reactions and conversion processes that produce the precursors, and intermediates needed for further processing into petrochemicals. The production of selected petrochemicals, along with a local case study, will be covered with emphasis on unit processes and operations employed. The course is supported by laboratory experiments.

Course

Name Instrumental Analysis Course

Hours 5

Description

This course will include the preparations and treatments of samples for analysis, application of advance devices such as flame emission, atomic absorption, UV and visible, IR, ICP, chromatographic methods on industrial (GC and HPLC), thermal analysis.

In the laboratory part of this course, various experiments with various advance devices laboratory related to the theoretical part will be carried out.

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5 Course

Name

Organometallic Compounds Chemistry

Course

Hours 4

Description

This subject deals to introduce the trainee to general concepts of organometallic compounds, properties, applications, bonding, reactions, and their characterization techniques.

Course

Name Radiation and Nuclear Chemistry Course

Hours 3

Description

This course mainly focuses on nuclear and radiochemistry stressing the fundamentals of nuclear structure, systematic of nuclear decay, the detection and measurement of radiation, radiation protection, environmental and scientific applications. The nuclear fuel cycle and nuclear waste problems.

Course

Name Polymer Science Course

Hours 4

Description

Polymer science is considered in present-day an important science in the engineering and chemical fields, due to their economic impact and various applications. This course provides the trainee with the basic topics of polymer engineering at the rate of two hours per week.

The trainee is introduced through this course on the chemistry of polymers and polymer molecules and the mechanism of their reactions, and studies their method of manufacture and their finished products. Also through the study of physical, chemical and mechanical properties, the trainee can compare the different types of polymers and their industrial applications.

Course

Name Corrosion Course

Hours 5

Description

The objectives of this course to provide trainee knowledge of electrochemical basis of corrosion as well as training to estimate rates of erosion, different facts affecting of these phenomena and make some applications how to protect and control metals from corrosion.

In the laboratory part of this course, different experiments related to the theoretical part will be carried out.

Course

Name Inorganic Industries Course

Hours 3

Description

The course offers comprehensive understanding of the basic principles of inorganic chemical industries such as cement, glass, metals, bricks, alkalis, fertilizers and show the different technical applications of these in industries.

Course

Name Organic Compounds Spectra Course

Hours 3

Description

This course aims to provide the trainee to the various methods used in the identification of organic compounds by studying spectroscopic methods, UV and visible, IR spectroscopy, ¹H- NMR and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and solving problems by applying various spectroscopic data.

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6

Elective Courses

Course

Name Writing Skills Course

Hours 2

Description

Writing Skills is a course developed to provide the trainee with methodologies to write scientific texts in different academic contexts: research papers, reports, conference talks, project proposals, etc.

Course

Name Water Treatment Course

Hours 2

Description

This course aims to give the trainee the basic skills for the treatment of wastewaters. In this course training will be carried through theoretical information by two lectures per week in addition to training on the following subjects: introduction to pollution, water pollution, wastewater treatment and uses of treated waters.

Course

Name Renewable Energy Course

Hours 2

Description

Renewable Energy is an elective upper division course. It is a necessary course for Environmental Studies students who are interested in energy as a possible career, and a useful elective course for engineers interested in renewable energy. This course provides an introduction to energy systems and renewable energy resources, with a scientific examination of the energy field and an emphasis on alternate energy sources and their technology and applications.

Course

Name Pharmaceuticals Chemistry Course

Hours 2

Description

The objectives of this course to provide trainee with role of chemistry in discovery and preparation of pharmaceuticals. The course will contain history of some important pharmaceuticals compounds, their preparations, their properties and biological reactions. Total synthesis of some important pharm. compounds will be explained in this course.

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يثلثلا ماظنلاب سويرولاكبلا ةلحرمل ةيبيردتلا لوصفلا ىلع ةيبيردتلا ةطخلا عيزوت

The Curriculum Framework Distributed on Trimesters

1st Tr imeste r

^No. Course Code Course Name Prereq No. of Units

بلطتملا ررقملا مسا ررقملا زمر م

لولأا يبيردتلا لصفلا

م.و حم مع مت أ.س

CRH L P T CTH

1 ENGL 301 English Language (1) 4 4 0 2 6 1 ةيزيلجنا ةغل لجنا301 1

2 MATH 301 Mathematics (1) 4 3 2 1 6 1 تايضاير ضاير301 2

3 PHYS 301 Physics 4 3 2 1 6 ءايزيف يزيف301 3

4 KCHM 321 Advanced Physical Chemistry 5 2 6 0 8 ةمدقتم ةيئايزيف ءايميك ميكم321 4

Total Number of Units 17 12 10 4 26 عومجلما

2nd Tr imester

No. Course Code Course Name Prereq No. of Units

يبيردتلا لصفلايناثلا

1 ENGL302 English Language (2) ENGL 301 4 4 0 2 6 لجنا301 2 ةيزيلجنا ةغل لجنا302 1

2 MATH 302 Mathematics (2) MATH 301 4 3 2 1 6 ضاير301 2 تايضاير ضاير302 2

3 KCHM 311 Advanced Organic Chemistry 5 2 6 0 8 ةمدقتم ةيوضع ءايميك ميكم311 3

4 KCHM 351 Computer Applications in Chemistry 3 0 6 0 6 ءايميكلا يف بساحلا تاقيبطت ميكم351 4

3r d T rimester

ثلاثلا يبيردتلا لصفلا

1 STAT 303 Statistics and Probability 3 3 0 1 4 تلاامتحلإاو ءاصحلإا اصحا303 1

2 KCHE 341 Petrochemicals 2 2 0 1 3 تايواميكورتبلا ميكن341 2

3 KCHM 331 Inorganic Chemistry 5 2 6 0 8 ةيوضع ريغ ءايميك ميكم331 3

4 KCHM 322 Electrochemistry KCHM 321 4 4 0 0 4 ميكم321 ةيئابرهك ءايميك ميكم322 4

5 KCHM *** Elective Courses (1) 2 2 0 1 3 )1( يرايتخا ررقم ميكم *** 5

CRH: Credit Hours L: Lecture P: Practical T: Tutorial CTH: Contact Hours يعوبسأ لاصتا تاعاس : أ.س ،نيرامت :مت ،شرو /يلمع :مع ،ةرضاحم : حم ،ةدمتعم تادحو :م.و

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1

4th Tr im es ter

No. Course Code Course Name Prereq

No. of Units

عبارلا يبيردتلا لصفلا

1 GNRL 404 Quality Tools and Applications 3 3 0 1 4 اهتاقيبطت و ةدوجلا تاودأ ةماع404 1

2 KCHM 341 Quantitative Analytical Chemistry Calculations 3 3 0 1 4 ةيمك ةيليلحت تاباسح ميكم341 2

3 KCHM 412 Organic Reaction Mechanism KCHM 311 4 4 0 0 4 ميكم311 ةيوضعلا تلاعافتلا ةيكيناكيم ميكم412 3

4 KCHM 423 Corrosion KCHM 321 5 2 6 0 8 ميكم321 لكآتلا ميكم423 4

5 KCHM *** Elective Courses(2) 2 2 0 1 3 )2( يرايتخا ررقم ميكم *** 5

5th Tr im es ter

No. Course Code Course Name Prereq

No. of Units

سماخلا يبيردتلا لصفلا

1 GNRL 402 Engineering Project Management 3 3 0 1 4 ةيسدنهلا عيراشلما ةرادإ ةماع402 1

2 KCHM 413 Organic Compounds Spectra KCHM 311 3 3 0 1 4 ميكم311 ةيوضعلا تابكرلما فايطأ ميكم413 2

3 KCHM 432 Organometallic Compounds Chemistry 4 4 0 0 4 ةيندعم وضعلا تابكرلما ءايميك ميكم432 3

4 KCHM 433 Inorganic Industries KCHM 331 3 3 0 0 3 ميكم331 ةيوضع ريغ تاعانص ميكم433 4

5 KCHM 442 Instrumental Analysis 5 2 6 0 8 يللآا ليلحتلا ميكم442 5

6th Tr im es ter

^No. Course Code Course Name Prereq No. of Units

سداسلا يبيردتلا لصفلا

1 GNRL 403 Communication tools and soft skills 3 3 0 1 4 لاصتلإا تاراهم ةماع403 1

2 KCHE 414 Polymer Science 4 4 0 1 5 رميلوبلا ملع ميكن414 2

3 KCHM 434 Radiation and Nuclear Chemistry 3 3 0 0 3 ةيوونو ةيعاعشإ ءايميك ميكم434 3

4 KCHM 491 Graduation Project 5 2 6 0 8 جرخت عورشم ميكم491 4

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2 Total Number of Semesters Units

جمانربلا تادحول يلكلا عومجملا

99 75 48 17 140

Total Contact Hours × 13 Co-operative Training بيردتلاتادحول يلكلا عومجملا ينواعتلا بيردتلا 13× ةيلكلا لاصتلإا تاعاس

1820 0 1820 0 1820

Elective Courses

Elective Courses -1

ةيرايتخلإا تاررقملا -1

1 KCHE 424 Writing Skills 2 2 0 1 3 ةينفلا ةباتكلا تاراهم ميكن424 1

2 KCHE 444 Water Treatment 2 2 0 1 3 هايلما ةجلاعم ميكن444 2

Elective Courses -2

ةيرايتخلإا تاررقملا -2

1 KCHE 461 Renewable Energy 2 2 0 1 3 هددجتلما ةقاطلا ميكن461 1

2 KCHM 414 Pharmaceuticals Chemistry 2 2 0 1 3 ةيودلاا ءايميك ميكم414 2

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Courses Detail Description

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1

Department Chemical Engineering Major Chemical Laboratories Course Name Advanced Physical Chemistry Course Code KCHM 321

Prerequisites Credit Hours

CRH 5 ^CTH ⁸

L 2 P 6 T 0

CRH: Credit Hours L: Lecture P: Practical T: Tutorial CTH: Contact Hours

Course description:

The course aims to enable the trainee the skills and knowledge and various applications of physical chemistry. Calculations related to physical chemistry, Chemical kinetics, chemical thermodynamics, thermochemistry, chemical catalysis, adsorption, equilibrium, solutions and phase rule will be carried out in this course.

Topics:

 Chemical kinetics

 Chemical thermodynamics

 Thermochemistry

 Chemical catalysis

 Adsorption, equilibrium and solutions

 Phase rule

Experiments: If applicable, it will support the course topics.

References:

1) P. Atkins and J. De Paula, Physical Chemistry, 8th edition, Oxford University Press, 2006.

2) Arun Bahl,B.S.Bahl and G.D.Tuli, Essentials of Physical Chemistry, Published by S.CHAND, Multicolor Edition,2010.

3) J.N. Gurtu, Amit Gurtu. Advanced Physical Chemistry Experiments, Meerut College, Meerut,2008

Details of Theoretical Contents

Contents Hours

1

Chemical kinetics:

 Reaction and units of Rate.

 Rate Laws.

 Zero, first, second and third Order Reactions.

 How to Determine the Order of a Reaction.

 Half-life of a Reaction.

 Theory of Reaction Rates.

 Collision and limitations of the Collision Theory.

 Effect of Increase of Temperature on Reaction Rate.

 Calculations.

4

2

Chemical thermodynamics:

 Thermodynamic Terms.

 Types of Thermodynamic Systems.

 Enthalpy and Enthalpy of a Systems and their units.

 First and second thermodynamic laws.

 Thermodynamic Processes.

 Heat and Hess’s Law of solution.

 Gibb’s Helmholtz and Clausius-Clapeyron equations.

 Some applications and calculations.

4

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2 3

Thermochemistry:

 Thermochemical terms and equations.

 Heat of combustion.

 Heat of solution.

 Heat of Transition.

 Heat of fusion and vaporization.

 Bond Energy.

 Measurement of the Heat of Reaction.

 Hess’s Law of Constant Heat Summation and its applications.

4

Chemical catalysis:

 Types of Catalysis.

 Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.

 Characteristics of Catalytic Reactions.

 Theories of Catalysis.

 Hydrogenation of Ethene in Presence of Nickel.

 Acid-Base Catalysis.

 Mechanism of Acid Catalysis.

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5

Adsorption, equilibrium and solutions:

 Mechanism of adsorption.

 Types of adsorption.

 Adsorption of gases by solids.

 Adsorption of solutes from solutions.

 Characteristics of chemical equilibrium.

 Equilibrium constant.

 Equilibrium law.

 Units of equilibrium constant.

 Ways of expressing concentration (Molarity, Molality, Normality).

 Solutions of gases in gases.

 Henry’s Law.

 Solutions of liquids in liquids.

 Steam distillation.

 Calculations.

6

phase rule:

 What is Meant by a ‘Phase’.

 Derivation of the Phase Rule.

 Phase Diagrams.

 The Water System.

 The Sulphur System.

4

26 Textbook: Arun Bahl,B.S.Bahl and G.D.Tuli, Essentials of Physical Chemistry,Published by

S.CHAND, Multicolor Edition, 2010.

Details of Practical Contents

1 Determine the Parachor Value of a Given Liquid 4

2 Determine the Percentage Composition (%) of Unknown Mixture by Using

Stalagmometer. 4

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3

3 Determine the Rheochor Value of a Given Liquid. 5

4 Determine the Percentage Composition (%) of Unknown by Using Viscometer. 5 5 Find out the Concentration (0-5%) of the Given Solution of Urea in Water. 5 6 Investigation of the Reaction Between Acetone and Iodine. 5 7 Determination of the Order of Reaction and Rate Constant of Hydrolysis of Ethyl

Acetate in Acid

5 8 Determination of the Order of the Reaction Between Hydrogen Peroxide and

Hydrogen Iodide

5

9 Studying the Kinetics of Iodine Clock Reaction 5

10 Autocatalytic Reaction between KMnO4 and Oxalic Acid 5

11 Determination of the Heat Capacity of the Calorimeter ( Using Water, and

Sulphuric Acid) 5

12 Determination of heat of different solutions of NaCl and the heat of solution of

ammonium chloride 5

13 Determination of the Heat of Neutralisation of Sodium Hydroxide and

Hydrochloric Acid. 5

14 Determination of Critical Solution Temperature of Water-Phenol System (Two

Components System) 5

15 Determine the Phase Diagram of Phenol and Naphthalene System. 5 16 Determine the Partition Coefficient of Iodine Between Carbon Tetrachloride and

Water. 5

78 Textbook: 1) J.N. Gurtu, Amit Gurtu. Advanced Physical Chemistry Experiments, Meerut College,

Meerut, 2008.

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4

Department Chemical Engineering Major Chemical Laboratories Course Name Advanced Organic Chemistry Course Code KCHM 311

CRH

5 ^CTH 8

L 2 P 6 T 0

Course Description:

This course aims to enable the trainee understanding of principals of structures and bonding, orbital hypridization in organic compounds that are used in many fields of chemical industries. Types of organic reactions and their mechanisms, nucleophilic substitution reactions, stereochemistry, benzene and aromaticity, electrophilic substitution of aromatics, carbonyl compounds, substitution of carbonyl compounds, and condensation reactions of carbonyls will be introduced in this course. Also, overview of amines and heterocyclic compounds will be taught in this course.

In the laboratory part of this course, student will be trained in preparation some organic compounds and the techniques for these experiments. As well as, extraction some natural organic compounds will extracted in the lab.

Topics:

 Describing Chemical Bonds and orbitals Hybird.

 Types of organic reactions and their mechanisms.

 Nucleophilic substitution and Elimination reactions.

 Stereochemistry.

 Benzene and Aromaticity.

 Electrophilic Substitution of Aromatics.

 Carbonyl Compounds.

 Condensation reactions of Carbonyls.

 Amines and Heterocyclic Compounds.

Experiments: If applicable, it will support the course topics References:

1) John McMurry, Organic Chemistry 9th Edition, Cengage Learning, USA,2015.

2) Janice G. Smith, Organic Chemistry 5th ED, McGraw-Hill Education,2016.

3) F. Carey and R. Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part A,5th Edition, Springer Science+Buisness Media, LLC, New York, USA, 2007.

4) Williamson, K. and Masters, K. Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, 6th Edition, Cengage Learning Inc,2011.

Detailed of Theoretical Contents

No. Contents Hours

1

Chemical Bonding and Orbitals Hybirdization:

 Describing Chemical Bonds: Valence Bond Theory.

 sp3 Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Methane, sp3 Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Ethane, sp2 Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Ethylene, sp Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Acetylene.

 Hybridization of Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur.

 Describing Chemical Bonds: Molecular Orbital Theory.

2

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5 2

An Overview of Organic Reactions:

 Kinds of Organic Reactions.

 How Organic Reactions Occur: Mechanisms.

 Radical Reactions.

 Polar Reactions: An Example of a Polar Reaction (Addition of HBr to Ethylene).

 Using Curved Arrows in Polar Reaction Mechanisms.

 Describing a Reaction: Equilibria, Rates, and Energy Changes.

 Describing a Reaction: Bond Dissociation Energies.

 Describing a Reaction: Energy Diagrams and Transition States.

 Describing a Reaction: Intermediates.

4

3

Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations:

 The Discovery of Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions.

 The SN2 Reaction and its Characteristics of the SN2 Reaction.

 The SN1 Reaction and its Characteristics of the SN1 Reaction.

 Elimination Reactions: Zaitsev’s Rule.

 The E2 Reaction and the Deuterium Isotope Effect.

 The E2 Reaction and Cyclohexane Conformation.

 The E1 and E1cB Reactions.

 A Summary of Reactivity: SN1, SN2, E1, E1cB, and E2.

4

Stereochemistry:

 Enantiomers and the Tetrahedral Carbon.

 The Reason for Handedness in Molecules: Chirality.

 Optical Activity, Pasteur’s Discovery of Enantiomers.

 Sequence Rules for Specifying Configuration, Diastereomers, Meso Compounds, Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers.

 A Review of Isomerism.

 Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur.

 Prochirality.

 Chirality in Nature and Chiral Environments.

4

5

Benzene and Aromaticity:

 Naming Aromatic Compounds.

 Structure and Stability of Benzene.

 Aromaticity and the Hückel 4n 1 2 Rule.

 Aromatic Ions.

 Aromatic Heterocycles: Pyridine and Pyrrole.

 Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds.

2

6

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution:

 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions: Bromination.

 Other Aromatic Substitutions.

 Alkylation and Acylation of Aromatic Rings: The Friedel–Crafts Reaction.

 Substituent Effects in Electrophilic Substitutions.

 Trisubstituted Benzenes: Additivity of Effects.

 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution.

 Benzyne.

 Oxidation of Aromatic Compounds.

 Reduction of Aromatic Compounds.

 Synthesis of Polysubstituted Benzenes.

4

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6 7

Preview of Carbonyl Chemistry:

 Kinds of Carbonyl Compounds.

 Nature of the Carbonyl Group.

 General Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds.

2

8

Carbonyl Condensation Reactions:

 Keto–Enol Tautomerism.

 Reactivity of Enols: a-Substitution Reactions.

 Carbonyl Condensations: The Aldol Reaction.

 Carbonyl Condensations versus Alpha Substitutions.

 Dehydration of Aldol Products: Synthesis of Enones.

 Using Aldol Reactions in Synthesis.

 Mixed Aldol Reactions and Intramolecular Aldol Reactions.

 The Claisen Condensation Reaction, Mixed Claisen Condensations.

 Intramolecular Claisen Condensations: The Dieckmann Cyclization.

 Conjugate Carbonyl Additions: The Michael Reaction.

 Carbonyl Condensations with Enamines: The Stork Reaction.

 The Robinson Annulation Reaction.

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9

Amines and Heterocycles:

 Naming Amines,

 Structure and Properties of Amines,

 Basicity of Amines and Basicity of Arylamines,

 Biological Amines and the Henderson–Hasselbalch Equation,

 Synthesis of Amines and Reactions of Amines,

 Reactions of Arylamines,

 Heterocyclic Amines.

2

26 Textbook John McMurry, Organic Chemistry 9th Edition, Cengage Learning, USA,2015.

Detailed of Practical Contents

1 Introduction and Laboratory Safety, Courtesy, and Waste Disposal 5 2 Recrystallization of Purephthalic Acid , Naphthalene , and Anthracene. 5 3 The SN2 Reaction: 1-Bromobutane, (1-butanol is converted to 1-bromobutane by

an SN2 reaction) 5

4 Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Alkyl Halides 5

5 Radical Initiated Chlorination of 1-Chlorobutane 5

6 Alkenes from Alcohols: Preparation of Cyclohexene from Cyclohexanol 5 7 Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene: preparation of Alkyl benzene (e.g. 1,4-di-t-

butyl benzene) 5

8 Friedel-Crafts Acylation: preparation of Acetophenone. 5

9 Identification of unknown of Aldehyde or Ketone 5

10 Aldol Condensation: Synthesis of Dibenzalacetone 5

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7

11 Esterfication: n - B U T Y L A C E TAT E by Azeotropic Distillation of Water. 5 12 Hydrolysis (S A P O N I F I C A T I O N ) : The preparation of Soap. 5 13 Amines: Solubility test, Hinsberg test, and Acetalyation of Amins by acetic acid 5 14 SANDMEYER Reaction: Synthesis of 1-Bromo-4-Chlorobenzene. 5 15 Diels-Alder Reactions: Synthesis of cis-Norbornene-5,6-endo-Dicarboxylic

anhydride.

8 78 Textbook Williamson, K. and Masters, K. Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, 6th

Edition, , Cengage Learning Inc, 2011.

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8

Department Chemical Engineering Major Chemical Laboratories Course Name Computer Applications in

Chemistry Course Code KCHM 351

CRH

3 ^CTH ⁶

L 0 P 6 T 0

Course Description:

This course will be designed to reinforce the trainee with the applications of computers in chemistry and how to utilize some software for chemistry learning. Also, it will cover a full range of the computer applications from popular and specialized software through online sources such as treating chemical data using excel and spreadsheets software, constructing log diagrams, simulation, structural searching, modeling, drug design. In addition to that, chemistry software like (Chem office, ChemDraw, Molecular modeling, jmol, structure searching) will be taught to understand the structures and properties of organic and inorganic compounds. Online sources of cheminformatics will be also taught in this course.

Topics:

 Fields of Applications.

 Software applications: Data analysis, structural searching, Modeling.

 Uses Some popular software in manipulating chemistry data.

 Sources of Chemistry in the internet.

 Chemistry software.

 Chemoinformatics.

 Online sources: search engine, periodical journals.

Experiments: N/A References:

1) Peter C. Jurs, Computer Software Applications in Chemistry, 2nd Edition., Wiley India Pvt Ltd, 2003.

2) Dermont Diamond and Venite Hanratty, Spreadsheet Applications in Chemistry Using Microsoft Excel, A Wiley-Interscience publication, 2017

3) Stanley R. Crouch & F James Holler. Applications of Microsoft Excel in Analytical Chemistry, 2015.

4) Theresa Julia Zielinski and Mary L. Swift. Using computers in chemistry and chemical education, 2017

Detailed of Practical Contents

1 Introduction to the course information and its requirements 5

2

Fields of Applications:

 The Evolution of Computers in Chemistry

 Computational Chemistry

 Chemometrics

 Chemoinformatics

5

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9

3 Spreadsheet Application in Chemistry: Examples of using Excel Microsoft in

Analytical Chemistry. 5

4 Spreadsheet Application in Chemistry: Examples of using Excel Microsoft in

Physical Chemistry. 5

5 Drawing Compounds using Structure Drawing Software (ChemDraw) – PART A 5 6 Drawing Compounds using Structure Drawing Software (ChemDraw) – PART B 5 7 Drawing Compounds using Structure Drawing Software (ChemDraw) – PART C 5 8 Drawing Compounds using Structure Drawing Software (ChemDraw) – PART D 5 9 Sources of viewing 3D-molecules online (e.g. Jmol, molecular modeling, …) 5

11

Introduction to Chemical Laboratories software:

 Virtual Chemical Laboratories

 ChemLab: An interactive Lab Simulation

 Online Virtual Chemistry Lab

10

12

Information in Chemistry Across the Internet

 Structure Searching (chemispider.com , chemfinder.com, NIST chemistry web book https://webbook.nist.gov/)

 Reactions data-base

 Reactions Mechanisms Simulation

13

Bibliographic information and Chemistry data base

 Chemical Abstract Service sources (CAS)

 Periodical Journals

 Conferences, Patents, Reports

10

78 Textbook Peter C. Jurs, Computer Software Applications in Chemistry, 2nd Edition., Wiley India

Pvt Ltd , 2003.

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10

Department Chemical Engineering Major Chemical Laboratories

Course Name Petrochemicals Course Code KCHE 341

CRH 2 ^CTH ³

L 2 P 0 T 1

Course description :

This course introduces the student to the various processes involved in the technology of petrochemicals production, the raw materials used, their composition, and processing. It also deals with chemical reactions and conversion processes that produce the precursors, and intermediates needed for further processing into petrochemicals.

The production of selected petrochemicals, along with a local case study, will be covered with emphasis on unit processes and operations employed. The course is supported by laboratory experiments.

Topics:

 Raw Materials for Petrochemicals.

 Hydrocarbon and Non-Hydrocarbon Intermediates for Petrochemicals.

 Petrochemicals from Basic Raw Materials.

 Synthesis Gas.

 Ammonia.

 Urea.

 Ethylene and Polyethylene.

Experiments: If applicable, it will support the course topics.

References:

1) Petrochemical Process Technology, by Mall I D, Macmillan, Inc., 1st Edition, 2008

1

Raw materials for petrochemical:

 Introduction.

 Natural gas.

 Properties of natural gas.

 Natural gas treatment processes:

o Sweetening process.

o Demethanization process.

o Fractionation process.

o Refrigeration process.

 Crude oils:

o Composition of crude oils.

o Properties of crude oils.

o Crude oil classification.

 Coal, oil shale, tar sand and gas hydrates.

8

2

Hydrocarbon and Non-Hydrocarbon Intermediates for Petrochemicals processes:

 Physical separation processes.

 Conversion process.

6

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11

 Production of olefins.

 Production of hydrogen.

 Production of sulfur.

 Production of carbon black.

3

Petrochemicals from Basic Raw Materials:

 Petrochemicals based on methane.

 Petrochemicals based on ethylene.

 Petrochemicals based on propylene.

 Petrochemicals based on C4 olefins and olefins.

 Petrochemicals based on benzene toluene and xylene.

6

4

Synthesis Gas:

 Introduction.

 Production processes:

o Steam reforming process.

o Partial combustion process.

 Economics of synthesis gas production.

4

5

Ammonia:

 Introduction.

 Description of the production process of ammonia.

 Reaction and equilibrium conditions in ammonia synthesis.

 Effect of catalysis on the rate of reaction in ammonia synthesis.

 Design and operation of an ammonia synthesis converter.

 Uses and economics of ammonia production.

5

6

Urea:

 Introduction.

 Description of the production process of urea.

 Major engineering problems associated with urea production.

 Growth of urea production and important uses.

4

7

Ethylene and Polyethylene:

 Ethylene properties and sources.

 Manufacture of ethylene.

 Polyethylene properties and basic reactions.

 Production processes of polyethylene:

o High-pressure polymerization process.

o Medium – pressure polymerization process.

o Low – pressure polymerization process.

 Comparison of polyethylene polymerization processes.

 Common uses of polyethylene.

6

39 Textbook: Petrochemical Process Technology, by Mall I D, Macmillan, Inc., 1st Edition, 2008

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12

Course Name Inorganic Chemistry Course Code KCHM 331

CRH 5 ^CTH ⁸

L 2 P 6 T 0

The objective of this course is to introduce the trainee to the main group of elements in the periodic table, their properties with their compounds. In addition, the transition metal elements, their properties, compounds and applications will be covered in this course.

Topics:

 The periodic table

 Structure and bonding

 Hydrogen

 Chemistry of the main-group elements

 Chemistry of the transition elements

References:

1) G.L. Miessler and D.A. Tarr, Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2003.

2) J.E. House, Inorganic Chemistry, Academic Press, 2008.

3) Chris J. Jones,d-and f- Block Chemistry, Basic Concepts in Chemistry, University of Birmingham,1999.

4) G. PASS H. SUTCLIFFE, Practical Inorganic Chemistry, Preparations, reactions and instrumental methods, OriginalIy published by Chapman and HalI, Second Edition, 2015

1

Introduction to inorganic chemistry

 What is Inorganic Chemistry.

 Contrasts with Organic Chemistry.

 Distribution of Elements on Earth.

 The history of Inorganic Chemistry.

2

Atomic structure

 The Atomic Theory.

 The Schrödinger Equation.

 Periodic Properties of Atoms .

2

3

Simple bonding theory

 Lewis Electron-dot Diagrams.

 Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory.

 Polar molecules.

 Hydrogen bonding.

4

Symmetry and group theory

 Symmetry of elements and operations.

 Point groups.

 Properties and representation of groups.

4

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13

 Examples and application of symmetry.

5

Molecular orbitals

 Formation of molecular orbitals from atomic orbitals.

 Homonuclear diatomic molecules.

 Heteronuclear diatomic molecules.

 Molecular orbitals for larger molecules.

 Expanded shells and molecular orbitals.

2

6

Chemistry of the main-group elements

 General trends in main-group chemistry.

 Hydrogen.

 The alkali metals.

 The alkaline earths.

 Groups 13-18.

2

7

Chemistry of the transition elements

 What are the Transition Elements.

 Where do Transition Elements Come from.

 Some Applications of the Transition Elements.

 Transition Elements: Atomic Structure and Properties.

 Coordination Compounds.

 Bonding transition metal complexes.

2

8

Coordination chemistry: structures and isomers

 Nomenclature.

 Isomerism.

 Coordination numbers.

2

9

Coordination chemistry: bonding

 Experimental evidence for electronic structures.

 Theories of electronic structure.

 Ligand field theory.

 Angular overlap.

 The Jahn-Teller effect.

 Four-and-six coordinate preferences.

 Other shapes.

2

10

Coordination chemistry: reactions and mechanisms

 Substitution reactions.

 Kinetic consequences of reaction pathways.

 Experimental evidence in octahedral substitution.

 Stereochemistry of reactions.

 Substitution reaction of square-planar complexes.

 The trans effect.

 Oxidation-reduction reactions.

 Reactions of coordinated ligands.

4

26 Textbook: G.L. Miessler and D.A. Tarr, Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd edition, Pearson Prentice Hall,

2003.

Details of Practical Contents

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14

1 Qualitative analysis of various Anions radicals 10

2 Qualitative analysis of various Cations radicals 12

3 Determination of Mg by titration with EDTA 5

4 Calcium Analysis by EDTA titration. 5

5 Determination of Copper by using complexometric titration 5

6 Preparation of Hexaminecobalt (III) chloride 5

7 Preparation of Hexaminecobalt (III) nitrate 5

8 Preparation of Trinitritotriaminecobalt (III). 5

9 Preparation of PotassiumTrioxalatochromate(III) 5

10 Determination of Copper (II) oxalate complex 5

11 Determination of Potassium tris(oxalate)ferrate(III) 5

12 Preparation of pure sample of ferrous ammonium sulphate (Mohr’s salt) 5 13 Preparation of pure sample of the complex potassium trioxalatoferrate (III) 6

78

Textbook:

G. PASS H. SUTCLIFFE, Practical Inorganic Chemistry, Preparations, reactions and instrumental methods, Originality published by Chapman and Hall, Second Edition, 2015

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15

Course Name Electrochemistry Course Code KCHM 322

Prerequisites Adv. Physical Chemistry Credit Hours

CRH 4 ^CTH ⁴

L 4 P 0 T 0

This course aims at giving the trainee the skills, knowledge and applications of electrochemistry, electrochemical cells, types of electrodes, electrode potential, polarization of electrodes and electrolytic conductance

Topics:

 Introduction

 Electrochemical cells

 Electrochemical experiments

 Polarization of Electrodes

 Electrochemistry in industry

References:

1) C.M.A. Brett, A.M.O. Brett, Electrochemistry Principles, Methods, and Applications. Oxford University Press, New York, 2016

2) V. S. BAGOTSKY, Fundamentals OF Electrochemistry, A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Moscow, Russia, Second Edition, 2005

1

Introduction:

 The scope of electrochemistry.

 The nature of electrode reactions.

 Methods for studying electrode reactions.

 Applications of electrochemistry.

10

2

Electrochemical cells:

 Introduction.

 The cell potential of an electrochemical cell.

 Calculation of cell potential: activities or concentrations.

 Calculation of cell potential: electrochemical potential.

 Galvanic and electrolytic cells.

 Electrode classification.

 Reference electrodes.

 Movement of ions in solution: diffusion and migration.

 Conductivity and mobility.

 Electrode potentials and oxidation state diagrams.

10

3

Electrochemical experiments:

 Introduction.

 Electrode materials for voltammetry.

 The working electrode: preparation and cleaning.

 The cell: measurements at equilibrium.

 The cell: measurements away from equilibrium.

10

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16

 Calibration of electrodes and cells.

 Instrumentation: general.

 Digital instrumentation.

4

Polarization of Electrodes:

 Basic Concepts.

 Laws of Activation Polarization.

 Diffusional Concentration Polarization.

 Superposition of Concentration and Activation Polarization.

10

5

Electrochemistry in industry:

 Introduction.

 Electrolysis: fundamental considerations.

 Electrochemical reactors.

 Porous and packed-bed electrodes.

 Examples of industrial electrolysis and electrosynthesis.

 Batteries.

 Fuel cells.

 Electrochemistry in water and effluent treatment.

12

52 Textbook: C.M.A. Brett, A.M.O. Brett, Electrochemistry Principles, Methods, and Applications.

Oxford University Press, New York, 2016