Conditional Sentences
“If grandma had wheels she’d be a bicycle.”
Conditional sentences
• Conditional Sentences are also known as
Conditional Clauses or If Clauses.
• They are used to express that the
action in the main
clause (without if) can only take place if a
certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled.
Conditional Sentences
• There are two kinds of conditional sentences:
real and unreal.
• Real Conditional describes real-life situations.
• Unreal Conditional describes unreal,
imaginary situations.
• However there are three types of
Conditional Sentences.
What do these sentences tell us
about reality?
• If you work hard, you’ll succeed.
• If you worked hard, you would succeed.
• If you had worked
hard, you would have succeeded.
1st Conditional
A touch of reality…
If-clause Main clause
Present simple will
If I see him, I will give him the book.
If I don’t see him, I will phone him in the
evening.
The order of the clauses can be reversed. In this case
DO NOT use a comma.
I will phone him in the evening if I don’t see him.
Use of
Conditional type 1
• Conditional Sentences Type I refer to the future.
• An action in the future will only happen if a certain
condition is fulfilled by that time.
• We don't know for sure whether the condition
actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions
seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to
happen
Finish the following sentences…
1. If I go away on holiday this year…
2. If I lose all my money…
3. If we get too much homework…
4. If my friend gets into trouble..
5. If we finish early today…
6. I’ll eat my hat if…
7. This school will have to close if…
8. We will all be very happy if…
9. I will be rather disappointed if…
10. Will you help me if…
UNLESS
UNLESS
• Unless = If … not
• If you don’t run, you’ll miss the bus.
• Unless you run, you’ll miss the bus.
2nd Conditional
There’s still hope…
If-clause Main clause
Past simple would If I won the lottery, I
would buy a house.
If I had a car, I wouldn’t walk to school.
The order of the clauses can be reversed. In this case
DO NOT use a comma.
I would read more if I didn’t watch so much TV.
Use of
Conditional type 2
• Conditional Type 2 is an unreal conditional.
• The Unreal Conditional is used to talk about
improbable conditions or impossible
situations.
Please take a look at the example carefully…
• Conditiona l sentence
• True Fact 1
• True Fact 2
• If John had money, he
would buy a Ferrari.
• John doesn’t have money, He will not
buy a Ferrari
• John buys an ordinary car.
Please take a look at the example carefully…
• Conditiona l sentence
• True Fact 1
• True Fact 2
• If I found her address, I
would send her an
invitation.
• I don’t find her address, I will not
send her an invitation
• It’s difficult to find her
address
Were instead of
• In Conditional
was
Sentence Type II, we usually use ‚were‘ –
even if the pronoun is I, he, she or it –.
• We don’t use was in Conditional Sentence Type II
If I were you, I would tell her.
Finish the following sentences…
1. If people had eyes in the backs of their heads…
2. If cars didn’t exist..
3. I would not tell him…
4. If I were rich…
5. If my best friend won the lottery…
6. We would kill a dog…
7. If we couldn’t speak English…
8. We wouldn’t go to Paris…
9. I would give you all my clothes…
10. If schools didn’t exist…
The 3
rd(unreal) Conditional
The land of regrets…
If-clause Main clause
Past Perfect would have + past participle
If I had seen you, I would have said hello.
If you had told me the truth, I would have forgiven you.
The order of the clauses can be reversed. In this case
DO NOT use a comma.
I would have forgiven you if you had told me the truth.
Use of
Conditional type 3
• Conditional Type 3 is an unreal past
conditional.
• The Unreal Conditional is used to speculate
about imaginary
situations or to regret past events.
• went to bed early last night?
• dyed your hair pink?
• travelled to Africa?
• joined the army?
What have you
not done?
• 4 things you haven’t done (that you wish you had)
• 4 things you’ve done (that you wish you
hadn’t)
Say…
Conditional Sentences
Exercises
Student’s Book
Page 73 – exercise 1
a) If she goes by plane, she will arrive early.
b) If he was/were a
respectful person, he wouldn’t behave like that.
c) If she travels by car, the journey will last for…
Page 73 – exercise 1
d) If he pays for anything...
e) If they met in L.A., she would visit...
f) Hurry up if you want to catch the train.
Page 73 – Exercise 2
a) … she wouldn’t know her mark.
b) … she would do
something about it.
c) … she would find a good job.
d) … he would accept it.
e) … she will win.
f) … would go out more.
Page 73 – Exercise 2
g) … someone will talk to her.
h) … you’d be careful
about the information you gave.
i) … you won’t trust him/her ever again.
j) … they would learn more.
k) … her pen pal, she
would be very happy.
l) … they would visit him / her.
Page 73 – exercise 3
a) Unless she trains hard, she won’t succeed.
b) Unless she phones to say she has changed the plans, he will be….
c) Unless he persuades her, she won’t…
d) Unless you play fewer computer games, you won’t have…
Page 83 –
exercise 5 - 1
a) If you go to this college, you will learn a lot…
b) If they paid in
advance, they would have a bonus.
c) If she takes part in this exchange
project, she will meet new people.
Page 83 –
exercise 5 - 1
d) If they facilitated the task, they would
avoid problems.
e) If he programmes
the activities, there will be time for
everything.
f) If teachers
accompany the students, ...
Page 83 –
exercise 5 - 2
a) … you will get there earlier.
b) … they would learn faster.
c) … someone will find out.
d) … you will ask for help.
e) … would be able to speak it.
f) … she will have to postpone the test.
Page 154 – exercise 1
a) If Jimmy hadn’t
watched so much TV,
…
b) … if he had spent his time…
c) … I wouldn’t have missed my
favourite…
d) If you had told her in advance…
e) If the bus drivers hadn’t gone on …
f) … you wouldn’t have got fat.
Page 154 – exercise 2
a) If my teacher hadn’t given me a lot of
homework, I would have gone to the
football match with my father.
b) I would have bought that T-shirt if I hadn’t spent all my money on DVDs.
Page 154 – exercise 2
c) We would have
moved last Summer if I had not been
tired.
d) If I hadn’t felt ill
during the exam, I
would have finished it.
e) She wouldn’t have damaged the DVD player if she had
read the instructions.
Conditional Sentences
Exercises Workbook
Page 21 –
exercise L (1)
a) … you won’t have money to buy a … b) … they would be
surprised.
c) If she reads this tale,
…
d) If you catch the wrong bus, …
e) If he touches that plate, …
Page 21 –
exercise L (1)
f) … they will have a
comfortable journey.
g) … I would buy a bigger flat.
h) … it will take us about …
i) … the plane would land at London
Airport.
Page 21 –
exercise L (2)
a) … you would improve your English.
b) … they will spend a lot of money.
c) … she will have an individual room.
d) … they would get to know their habits.
e) … someone will help whenever you need it.
f) … you won’t have any money left!
Page 21 –
exercise M (1)
a) … you hurry up.
b) … they get a subsidy.
c) Unless she arrives now, I’ll …
d) … it snows.
e) … my father had helped me.
f) … unless you go with me.
Page 47 –
exercise D (1)
a) … we would have visited the island.
b) … she would have
moved to New Jersey.
c) … he would have
caused an accident.
d) … she would have escaped.
e) … he wouldn’t have been in trouble.
f) … he would have become upset.
Page 47 –
exercise D (2)
a) …she wouldn’t have heard the verdict.
b) … they would have got better places.
c) … he wouldn’t have lost the keys.
d) … she would have been chosen.
e) … I would have helped you.
Conditional sentences
Worksheet no. 1
Exercise A
1. If you had studied (study)
for the test, you would have passed (pass) it.
2. If you had asked (ask) me, I would have helped (help)
you.
3. If we had gone (go) to the cinema, we would have
seen (see) my friend Jacob.
4. If you had spoken (speak) English, she would have understood (understand).
5. If they had listened (listen) to me, we would have been (be) home earlier.
Exercise A
6. I would have written (write) you a postcard if I had had (have) your address.
7. If I hadn’t broken (not /
break) my leg, I would have taken (take part) in the
contest.
8. If it hadn’t started (not/
start) to rain, we would have walked (walk) to the
museum.
9. We would have swum
(swim) in the sea if there hadn’t been (not / be) so many sharks there.
10. If she hadn’t taken (not
take) the bus, she wouldn’t have arrived (not / arrive) on time.
Exercise B
1. If he had dropped the vase, it would have broken.
2. If you have to do the washing up, I will help you.
3. If I had a hammer, I'd hammer in the morning ... (song)
4. I wouldn't run away if I saw a spider.
5. We'd have given you a lift if you hadn't had your bike with you.
6. If you had listened to me, the accident wouldn't have
happened.
7. If we don't get tickets for the concert, we'll stay at home.
8. They'd go by bus if they didn't have a car.
9. She'll hear us if you don't stop laughing.
10. He wouldn't have taken the
bread if he hadn't been hungry.
III I
II II
III
III
I II
I
III
Exercise C
1. If I were (be) stronger, I'd help you carry the piano.
2. If we'd seen you, we would have stopped (stop).
3. If we meet (meet) him
tomorrow, we'll say hello.
4. He would have repaired the car himself if he had had(have) the tools.
5. If you drop the vase, it will break (break).
II
III I
III
I
Exercise C
6. She would have come to the party if she had not been
(not be) on holiday.
7. I wouldn't go to school by
bus if I had (have) a driving license.
8. If she didn’t see (not see) him every day, she'd be lovesick.
9. I won’t travel (not travel) to London if I don't get a cheap flight.
10. We'd be stupid if we told
(tell) him about our secret.
III II
II I
II
Exercise D
1. My grandfather can’t see unless he wears glasses.
2. You are not a
responsible citizen
unless you pay taxes regularly.
3. John gets very angry if Annie comes home
late in the evening.
4. I wouldn’t have
believed if I had not seen myself.
Conditional sentences
Worksheet no. 2
Exercise A
1. If you buy a new robot, you’ll see its
advantages.
2. If many companies don’t use on-line
marketing, it won’t
touch a wide range of
consumers. OR
If many companies didn’t use on-line
marketing, it wouldn’t touch a wide range of consumers.
Exercise A
3. If telemedicine didn’t treat many patients
sucessfully, it
wouldn’t be urgent
to introduce it widely.
4. If most technological advances didn’t
carry along some bad effects, some
citizens wouldn’t be against them.
Exercise A
5. If men hadn’t many machines at their
disposal, they wouldn’t have time to enjoy life.
6. If a large number of
entrepreneurs weren’t introducing automation in their factories,
productivity wouldn’t be heightening too.
Exercise A
7. If robots didn’t do
several heavy dirty tasks, they wouldn’t be appreciated by
modern
entrepreneurs.
8. If workers don’t learn how to work with
cutting-edge
technology, they will be made redundant.
Exercise B
1. … people would have written letters to
communicate.
2. … would spend more money on salaries.
3. …didn’t buy new and better machines.
4. …if money weren’t spent on research.
5. …someone hadn’t invented them!
6. …my students
wouldn’t bring them to class…
Exercise B
7. …men will come back to factories!
8. …we wouldn’t have the phone.
9. …men prove to be
better than machines.
10.…we stop wanting everything in a cell phone.
11.…I wouldn’t be able to chat with my friends.
12.…we won’t have to worry about our
health.
Exercise B
13.… we wouldn’t need anything else.
14.…they would spend a lot of money in phone calls.
15.…they didn’t improve our quality of life.
16.…robots hadn’t been invented.
17.…we would still carry our walkman.
18.…if the net didn’t exist.
