Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry of Education
Umm Al-Qura University
Health Sciences College at Al-Leith
Department of Public Health
Course name: Disaster management Course code: 6501110
By:
Dr. Mohammed Elawad
Week 1: Disaster introduction
Objective:
To know the basic terms associated with Disaster and Crowd Management.
What is a disaster:
Any occurrence that cause:
• Damage
• Ecological disruption
• Loss of human life
• Deterioration of health and health services.
Sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area.
(WHO)
Disaster:
A disaster is an occurrence disrupting the normal conditions of existence and causing a level of suffering that exceeds the capacity of adjustment of the affected community.
Disaster :
‘
Disaster is A CRISIS situation that far exceeds the capabilities’.Hazard:
The potential source of harm.
Risk:
Is the probability of harm occurrence.
Risk assessment
Is the determination of quantitative or qualitative value of risk.
Risk management
The eradication or minimisation of the adverse affects of risk.
Stages of Risk management
•Identifying the hazard
•Evaluating the associated risk
•Controlling the risk
Evaluating the risk:
1. Highly unlikely 2. Possibly
3. Quite likely 4. Very likely
1. Slight harm
2. Injury affecting work 3. Serious injury
4. Possible fatality
How likely
How bad
Evaluating the risk:
Controlling the risk
• Decide measures to be taken
• Implement them according to priority
• Confirm measures appropriate and work
Vulnerability:
The predisposition to suffer damage due to external events.
Disasters are often described as a result of the combination of:
•The exposure to a hazard.
•The conditions of vulnerability that are present.
•Insufficient capacity.
VULNERABILITY+ HAZARD / CAPACITY = DISASTER
Disaster
Vulnerability
Hazard
Vulnerability vs. Manageability
Vulnerability: Factors that increase risk
1) Number of people exposed by the hazard 2) Area covered by the hazard
3) Dose or intensity of power of the hazard 4) Time duration
5) Frequency
Vulnerability vs. Manageability
•Manageability: Factors that reduce risk 1) Affluence of population, coping
mechanisms
2) Knowledge and practices of population 3) Technology available to the population
SUSCEPTIBILITY
Exposure to danger
RESILIENCE
Adaptability, capacity to recover
CAPACITY
Ability to do
MITIGATION:
Permanent reduction of the risk of disaster
Primary mitigation
1. Reducing the PRESENCE of the Hazard 2. Reducing VULNERABILITY
Secondary Mitigation:
1. Reducing the EFFECTS of the Hazard (Preparedness)
Aims of disaster management:
1) Reduce (avoid, if possible) the potential losses from hazards
2) Assure prompt and appropriate assistance to victims when necessary
3) Achieve rapid and durable recovery
