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_________________________________________________________________________

Imam Shu’bah’s Warning against Occupation with Hadith

Sultan Saad Alsaif*

King Saud University

(Received 08/02/2018; accepted for publication 11/03/2018.)

Abstract: This research aims to survey and collect Imam Shu’bah Ibn-Alhajjaj’s statements that warn against occupation with Hadith, to distinguish their reliability and validity, to examine and analyze them in their contextual conditions, and to identify their impact on his status.

The research follows an inductive analytical approach. According to the research findings, only four of the eight surveyed statements are proven to be his. His actual warning statements should be understood within the context of his fear of possible undesirable consequences, such as: neglecting the Qur’an and related necessary activities and application in practice; errors in Hadith narration; and the involvement of unreliable parties. They should be also understood in the light of his personal conscience, religious concerns and priorities and experience of human behavior. The research recommends that due attention be given to conducting investigative studies to protect Islam and worthy scholars from false allegations.

Keywords: Imam Shu’bah, Hadith, narrative, Hadith specialists, Hadith studies, Shu’bah’s warnings, Qur’an vs Hadith.

________________________________________________________________________

* ' ( ) ,UJ , ybU qY=

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2458 g , 11451 i (*) Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, College of

Education, King Saud University.

Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, p.o box: (2458), Postal Code:(11451).

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Z- : Ic ?U 'U= P ,

>U <n\8 P= ,Q >U @ N1P=

- =

i »

'U=

-"2 ,n" >"U 2@8

>"8 ,

HF >U 01,B i

0""@ y"" j¥""Y- * I""c2

% 81

140 'U= P:= , "= >"U "@8 >"U y#UF HF

_- ,d?

: ["¤U >"U f: >U 18 >U @ P=

Mu ?U 'U= ,M ,h#'´ @ >U @8 ,M ,- i

23 ,"= >"8 x2 h'U", > 18 'U= I1V >U @

2 ,Åc2 82 ,Q18

_"-2 y"B '"U=2 ,8Q 'U= K, :

®

2o ° h¤1 ZF 8n´2 i

0Y2 ¾´

4 164 ,

2 _n? I9{

11 284 i

yWYU=

>"U 0"1,B2 ,"= >U 182 ,@

Mu2 ,HF

01,B >U = >8 , i

y * Éb >U2

714 _- : "?U ,M"B

>U "@

− H"o= 5¡ * I"c K"b >"2

GT 249

− i

T * yP 'U=2

7 156 >"U "@ ,MB ,

U28 'U= ,M ,y#UF i

»

U28 'U=2 ,@ >U ?U

y#"UF ,M ,

h#'´ >U i

yW

=2 ,^O2 ,R >U2 , >U

h#'´2 ,01,B >U

>c- ²= >8 ,

24

KU 1V >8 ,

i

] * d1#9 aq2

7 213 "b , >"8

>c- ²=

y\z >U 2@8 i

v""Y2 0""Y * d)""1 ""' '""U=2 1 30 b , 1V >8 i

"Mu2 I"c ",8 j)2

% 41 51

25

24 "U28 ²= >"U >"8 hA1 >c- 'U= >c- >U y\z >U 2@8

r,B ²=2 1V2 ,

8D2 ,U2 = K,82 i

2"o h"-

""

198

""B >""U _""-2 , :

®

""bM

° i

""eP : f""V?

2 90 4244 I9WY Ib2 ,

2 428 i

25 Z; * Mu _-

− d",2gb "2

−

% 41 51

1V _'- q 18 U= [@

:

® ", d,: <= 5:=

_bk GT d, a]^

: '"HP 2= 0"@ *"o < KP= yP

9#

°i

(9)

LQ :

® ¨_¨b¨k 0"¨@¨ª * -" ¨o ¨<¨ ©K¢P¨= ©y¨ª¨ :

" ªH¨P ª2¨=, ¨'

¨9 ¨#

°i L"Q j¥"Y-Z * I"c2 Éb >U ,82 :

®

<'8 >U _-2 :

kr 'P = [

° _"- ¼"r *2 ,

<'8 >U :

k¨r¨ ©Kª, ©[ ª) ¨ ¨: §¨= ©ª¨2® d,ª¨ ,

¨yªª :

°i

È," 9"#2 EF vH"o a,"F

1""V "

2 ,

ª>?

EF KkÊ d`1, Z h9 K' K a]^

n

ËN i U /E :

O b- ,P b,c b- L R A H

,JdL R4 e - ,

?$DE RN> gDh

!S 2

_) k2 0 * = >U 18 K):=

3 365 5602 i

y * Éb >U2

% 403 1332 i

T * yP 'U=2

7 156 _- : "@ ,MB

F >U y#U i »

y#UF >U @2 ,Éb >U Z-

: ",M

f: >U y\z i

»

f: >U y\z2 ,= >U 18

>8 ,

d-2 y#UF >U =

26

i

26 d-2"" ]""\ >""U y#""UF >""U ""=

i 246 >""8 x2

= >U 2 ,hW >U >182 ,d1,b i

,y K,82

_"- ,"= >"U "182 ,K") >U2 ,h9J2 ,2 'U=2

yB 'U=

:

®

2o ° Æb _-2 :

bM , Æ" _"-2 :

"bM

=

," * 7 'U=2

5 56 2647 ,

− K",82

y * Éb >U

% 403 1333

− i

y" * Éb >U a22 ,

¥"=

% 403

1333 0? * h8 >U2 ,

1 75 >U = >8 ,

d¤1 d1#9 >T >U @

i

»

d¤1 =2 ,7 'U=

'"b >"8 ,

y#UF >U i

»

y#"UF >"U 'b2 ,d-2 =

,

hW >U >18 >8 i

R""" >"""U """ * h2"""2

4 262

4276 i

""" >"""U '"""b2 """Y2 """k * <r

1 27 2 , 2 164 i

0? * h8 >U2

1 75 i

g * ²c2

% 87 _- , : 0W :=

08nF >U i

GT Ho= 5¡ * Ic2

% 291

_- ,Kbr I^ >U @ >U = >8 ,¥=

: 78 É-

C@= P=2 ,Í, HF i

yWY""MM

,h""8 >""U ,08n""F >""U 0W""2

HF2

1T >U 0¥r r: ²= >8 i

= B >U _-2 ,K8 rY :

®

¼k"B "bM

° i _n"? I9"{

1 250 , 2 I9WY 1 9 , 2 IbY 1 77 i

(10)

y" #')2 * h',2

3 181

812 2 3240

H¥ f' 'b ²= >8 , i

GT Ho= 5¡ * Ic2

% 114 ,

_- : ,Qg"1 Q >"U "= >"U @ >T 'U= P:=

MB ,- = >U <n\8 ,MB

? >U >T , i

yW""D

,<r"" >""U '""b2 ,h2""

2

"? >"U >"T2 ,H¥"2 ,"1T >U

>"8 ,

Åc ' ²=

i

Y2 k * <r >U 'b2

1 412 ,

_- : _"- f: >U ' d,MB :

>"U f"' [@"

Î1=

i 2

""1:u _'""1- * d""¤1 y""b '""U= a""q

1 103 2, K¥"""k2 y""" <"""U * """18 >"""U

2 130 _- , : y"- ",M ,<r >U ' 18 ,M

",M ,"@8 >"U "18 ,M ,]#Q >U = ,M ,1o= >U

<cb >U }¸

i

yWYU=

>"U f"'2 ,' 'U=2 ,hW >U

<cb }¸2 ,Î1=

KU 1V >8 , i

] * d1#9 aq2

7 213 >"8 "b ,

K,8 hW >U i

"@mu M\ 0m¥k * jbYPZ * 18 >U2 jWbr

% 29 1V >8 b , i

9#2 È, K",8 vH"o a,F a2 "bk

b\ > CD K,8 i

j /E :

O k : b b :

E-b l> b, Q

m, ,

$8 , :H

nb4>

>

b $b)o p8

m qh S

i

"b\ * <"1B >U K):=

8 283 _"- , :

<2# >U <W [@

, hQ yB U= [@

>"8

1V >U i

Kk È, 9#2 :

hQ Æ8 >U <2# >U <W

KbM2 >@8 ¥k D 78 K f-= p <1B >U V

!i

rbs /E :

O bt b ^b< u;LbE #$bD

t R)

; ,JdLb b- ,P b,c - L R)NH

RN> gDh

?$DE S

O 27

2 S

0? * h8 >U K):=

1 75 @ >8 ,

Í'^ > 18 >U

28

i

h2" ":u C"´ * h`1 Ic2 1 217 406 >"U R"T >U @ RT 'U= P= ,

27 0"? * h8 >U K):=

1 75 ": ²= " >" ,

K,8 u i

28 "1 '"U= <": "V ' ¼kT '#

Í'^ @ >U >18 >U @

, yT _- :

"@m= "B=

22 Kbr2 ` * <¤U aA8 ,

>"U "@ >8 x2

}¸

K",82 ,":2 y"2 ,+"U >"U >182 ,Æ#9 :

":2 h'U", Æ"8 '"U= ¼kT2 ,h8 >U2 ,<1B >U 325

"#

i ]

14 557 i

(11)

,= >U l8 P= ,<cb 0¥r U Æ8 >U = P=

i

""»

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Z""- :

#Qu 'U= P:=

29

"Q P:= ,

30

"1B >"U

31

>"8 ,

KU 1V >8 ,u : ²=

i

a,F È, 9#2

>B KF i

x# /E :

"

Ro<ybo M R8o 7 , $k

z8 M .2

K):=

* y"P 'U=

j"2u "B

7 145 ,

_- : 18 >U y#UF ,MB

32

H"F >U @ ,M

33

29 h'U", ¼k"T " Ã >U C, >U #Qu >U =

KPQ * <:

, >"U Î1"=2 ,]"@P >U 18 C@

@

, K,82 : ,dm, ,"8Q '"U=2 ,y"B '"U=2 ,K) >U2

" "U bM '#2

263

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i

"eP : j1", "8= ]"

12 363 i

30 h8 >U ,8 C-2 :

® g

° >"U "Q '"# nPF2 ,fHO '#2

1T , ËN n

i

31 d@@Y Æ? RT 'U= 1B >U Q ,

,h'"\ >8 x2

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Q ²= >U2 ,nT }¸2 i

y"B '"U= _- :

v"o 2"o

GT , 2 R >U2 d, >U _- :

"bM i 0"Y2 ¾"´

3 561 i

32 O""b W1""ou H""F >""U ""18 >""U y#""UF '""#

i

373

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, f"-= p2

eP KB 78 :

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6 127 , 2 I9"{ * "1

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," IB"o ¼kT S ¢ ¨£ y#UF >U HF >U @ 33

=

Ck >U @ ,M

34

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ª 1Y- >U y

35

_'b : G"T H"ou G"T * 1"V _- nU :

® '@8

− '-

− y:N" GT * yYb n y?P=

<b >

°i Q yW¥U ,82 L

:

® ,K"= K"U nU2

_'b '#2 :

:

36

1V £U

− = 7"8 J d,

1V

−

°i

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i

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7 223 Á"rT L9" *2 ,

=

Y2 ]1?

, _"- ,h"8 >"U2 <"1B >"U K",8 B

Ic

:

® d",8 ,"1Mu R-O" b\ >\? > <

GTU ,

" k2 d#2 ,L]\ 1Y f,o2 L'W

° i

"eP :

`U

1 248 i

34 1Y- >U y2 Q18 >8 x2 h'U, Ck >U @

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"8Q'U= K :

®

2o V

° dm, _-2 , :

®

<'N b\

° i

"eP : ¾"´

0Y2 7 254 , 2 _n? I9{

25 192 i

35 ª ¨

h] 1Y- 'U= 1Y- >U y ,

LA"1 _gP ,

x2

1V2 HF ²= >U P' >8 ,

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R >U _- :

NU KU i

y"B 'U= _-2 :

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K\B IY? ,y#' ]\

i 8Q 'U= _-2 :

b1c * '#2 ,bM

1"V H"o= > i

Y2 ¾"´

0"

4 266 ,

1V Ho= k2

% 69 i

36 Pu * @ _-

1 454 :

® ,j"Y y¥"U ² ©J"2

y"z _b 1, a9# <'1Y, 2@U 8D y#

: <"V2k ":

Ï

J 8U h=

Ð 2g"1 K"k <'1 yWF I, ' yz2

'1T2

°i

(12)

1 196 ¨ >8 b , ª

Lg <2U K,8 y i

[""1\ Z f"" È,"" 9""#2 ,

a,""F d""rk :

18 >U y#UF ,

-= p ,_T _'W "q >" 7"8 f

2= B) Kk i

/E j :

"

@b-> { T> ,|b} W~ Y#b}kW T> 6##$b h

.2 "T * y"P 'U= K):=

7 156 ,

− K",82

0""@ y"" j¥""Y- * I""c

% 87 141

−

_- :

>"T >"U I"1B ,MB

37

y#"UF >"U "=2 ,

Z- ,c :

²= >"U 0W" ",M 0W"

38

>"U +"U ",M ,

:

39

U1V ,M ,

i

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, y" "U= C@"

>""U <n\""8 >""U ""@2 ,hQ2"" }""¸ >""U ""@2 ,d""?

y"P '"U=2 ,R#"V >"U2 d,c- K,82 ,1V ²=

i Kr"

B U -

, 'r ²= >U2 ,Ic2 ,yP 'U= KbM22

359

"#

i "`U

8 253 , 2 jr¥" * d",`

1 147 i

38 PQ >U 0W '#

Î" hQ" 2"@8 '"U= ¼kT

>, IBo JVu ,

2 U=2 ,,8 >U C@

, È"rB2

7"" '"U=2 ,²"T y#"UF2 ,K") >"U K",82 ,"^ >"U Æo' i yB 'U= _- :

2o , Æ" _"-2 :

"B "bM ,

R 0X ,

fPO K2 ,

<"b 2 P * K8 b Z2

>

KY-2 * KP-=

i ÁrT L9

2 452 i

39

"@ '"U= Ñ"mr h?" : >U +U '#

, >"8 x2

K"",82 , >""U }""¸2 ,U1""V2 ,"",^

: y""2 ,h""¤1

dm,2 ,2 'U=2 ,

yB 'U= _bk :

V ,

<1B >U _-2 :

=

]" * d1#9 aq2

7 213 L9" *2 ,

Á""rT

1 197 "" "" *2 ,

9 421 ,

K"): >" 7"8 f-= p2 ,1V >8 >c- ²= >8 b

c 9# >

i »

,U1V 2

>"c- '"U=

Z"- : 7"8 [":

Kk h9 K' * 1V ,

#2 d?1 ' , K" [bk :

"

g´ 9#

,

?cU U=

! +"U=

; " * (" <¹"k

' i _bk :

® 2 d,8 iii

° U1V ¼r 9#

i

a,F È, 9#2

>B K,8 ,

"-2 "r

U1V KU , ]"^ jU` KUHo= > U b1c * '#2

RA1

!

40

i

/E U :

"

Y, YnE Yn>; cH pdG;

b gbA> b

> H > F\ r $ 6h , h> FQ RDE p4 u;>

.2

K¥"k2 y" <U C) * 18 >U K):=

2 256

= >U @ >U = P:= _- ,

41

_"- ,

:

= jVNU @8u >8 1V >8 ` GT ybY

, _-2

""B >""U : ""` ""bM

255

"""#

i 0""Y2 ¾""´

2 356 , 2 b\

8 145 , 2 _n? I9{

4 117 ,

2 I9WY Ib

1 123 i

40 1V Ho= k

% 83 i

K,82 ,y- >8 B :

gB >U2 18 >U

401 ,8V To «]: <2 , Í"8

-2o ,2 C2 ,

i eP : ]

17 149 i

(13)

0¥r >U = ,MB

42

_- ,

: ") >"U "@ ,M"B

_- ,hc :

-2" 18 ,MB d

43

_"- ,

: ,M"B

À ?U >U @

44

_- ,

: h"8 ²= >"U [@"

,

K'- 1V >8 iiii

2 <"? v"o '"2 ,," f È, 9#

]` 78 B #V > fr

y" yWY"» * ",

K12 , f2 y{"1)2 >"8 \?Y y#z=

? `UN"k ,

( yWYB > y8 yWYÒ2 jZ;# 1V i

*

* * &

TU

D9 :A geyo M hE& $k>

yW1Y2 RkH, CD q >?@ Z ,

,# yW <= U

= QU= 78 5'-' WW)'2 #bP2 ,yWW1V2 yz'-

i

42 5"r h'," "1 >"U 0¥"r >"U =

, "?U '"U=

d8'c , Ór >U _- :

?U U= },?

, ," "Pu -

341

"#

r" UY IY? <2 ,

") >"U "@ g"2 ,

a,8 <2 ,K, C@2 KU bX2 K:2 ]",

, 0W" "-2

Kk , , ]\ K, '@2 ,

, H * *'

349

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i

<g <

1 577 i

43 d-2 y#UF >U = >U 18 ,

d,c-" KbM2 ,

_"-2

yB 'U=

:

® -2o <

° i eP : d,c-" y"T Z;

% 6 120 0Y2 ¾´2 ,

5 6 i

44

>U @

hA1 *]O @U À ]Ug >U ?U ,

bM

¥= L¡ >

, K"1- h9 RU2 K,U ´2 _1T B22 ,

RMM2 C1 , i

I9WY Ib

1 470 i

RbY > R,M EF LV U drY= Æ2 ,

O¤ >Ê > >:2 nk yz'-=2 y'

Æ : h'1, GT * >c •

i

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i

KU _`PZ2 KD > 9HY •

i

_n8u 0m¥k > K1 <2 Z f <= •

i

-=2 +U '# 9# E' - K8 [r-2 >

d@W´ Å ,

d K8 E' -2 i

_- d 78 a *

+U

Å :

"

¨[»'Yk 9# yz'- <=

#2 M * >

W@´ yW, ,

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c ,

¨[c^2 02NY *

; ?T a9# 02N KPu

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p y=2

_n8u 0¥k= K1 2 .

!i

* d¤1 yb 'U= yb 'U= b82 KUY

® 1:u _'1-

° 1 93 − 116 an UU :

"

> yWk':

K, \?YZ >2 GT .

a9# > L]\ D Kk CD

%'O, c: Z2 Q U W, ]\2 ,

i

KUY * 'U= '@ 9# 78 yW12

® j'=

@H , 78

° 1 353 − 358 IM 78 g

U y=2 GT 0#=

<2)2 Kbk ,

'B y=2

2 vHOU f¥ <'¸

iiii

(14)

yY:=2 GH1 9#

<Bk >B _b@U

® 9X

GT ,Yk > GT 0#= 1

45

°!

78 a+P

'1?, ?1 * KYHro K,@

Z2 ?kF ,

<=2

GT 'rY GT 0#= 1

KYkbM k2 ,

Y n K, 29Hk

k ? 0#= f

? ,

K, 29B2

!!

i k jb yWq K#=2 GT <=2

!!

, 2 <=

b, D 78 D > \= GT 0#= q 78

rr2 gY2 R@?Y q ,

0#= L^ <=2

¨ GT ª?

<bU <2r !

k2 _N=

i

* * * &

U

G$o DE- =$ K$LE :A ,

:$G ]- $A

p>

: #'HP2 %'O, a9# <= y <= d`1,

<'kH, t dY ,

IY > Lq':N t 'Bk2

yWrP= GT @m=

!, * yWYbM2 yWYP= > 9#2

ju2 0@HY L, jk !

, [1\ p <F2

!, '2

_B= bk ,= > <=

, 2 KYq [mU i

DN

: y#r ( EF '8 Wk KP=

kH,

; <2 #¹U f >8 f W-, 0U

fX 2= f,) !

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@´

, H, jZ;# <= U g) %'O, <2gYÄ Rk

45 i

m'#= k2 y{bY2 yW

, F )' Z KP= (1B2

= > Y T @m

HP >:NY Z2 RbY Z G

0: yWr 9# 'HP ,

>s Z2

!i

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: bDh ybs M U) @$s ,

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2

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{

,

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−

L'c ^ * = '#2

− i

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]Ug :

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@ >?2 _'b KY

: ª>¨

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° i

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]\¨

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: U 9"¨ ¢ ¨Æ"¨8 ¨"¢@¨¨ ª>¨

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d1, ©[@ :

46

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<ObP 2= LgU

©k , :

I"1T , * ' "

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46 h¤1 vHo

1 38 ¾ 107 , 108 , 109 i

(15)

W, ,

W, µV ')Ô 2=

i

@mu > CD >8 b\

_"F2 Ck KbB f-2

0o' KbB

47

i

RU 9z2 r: 'U=

− h2 1V _'- :

® 9# <F

"o >"82 ,LO" >"82 , "q >"8 O" y yB ,

?<'WY, yYP= 0Wk

!°

U K'b :

® 1V <=

<'¥" K#=

K", <'@" n"U 0"@

, <'^"Y2

(q 'HP 2= ,KU LM?U

°i

2 cU >U _- _

:

®

"\ I8 1V nPF2

;

GBu ÎY: > (q * 0:

°

48

!i

2 d1b _-

® G"Bu >" \ a -2

f"" >"" ]""\

iii >"" ""\ * <'""? "" ""k

k iii b >T 'U= _- ÅU

:

® K"'bU 1"V "

9#

, 2 ]\? I8

; > >\? 78 0: -

(q ]^2 ,GBu ÎY:

, EF f?Y"U <2]Ok

_' 78 ''bY <=

0b p

°

49

i

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8n

]"\?2 Q") 0")= >" _B ¨V2 ,

47 eP :

® _'o' _F2 'k f-2 2@ >9 b\

°

= " y? GHU i

i

¾O Æ8 i

48 h¤1 vHo ¾¡

1 185 i

49 y Y È¤ > 0?V= yWr

22 64 i

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'9" \?Y >

i 0"#= "1 ") K"q h9" 9"#2

'O 78 GT i

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" Krk = , (q > (1B2

b RMM >

,"W "t 0@82 #bYP ,GB f=

- _ :

® d"1, >"8 \"B ["1Y

"-2 ZF

d1, <= GT * ² }YB ,KU [@8 ¨yYB

,

°

50

i

,K2 ¨Y RmY1 U # 'U8 nPF2

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L""#1 K ,

2= Z"") 2=

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2 0@

!i

;_" = 9#2 Nc > y <F \? <u2 p

a]^ 1` > y

ËN | – −

2

TU G$

: gb M ^L8 @$s ,

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