See Electronic Commerce - Xem Electronic Commerce Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
An inventory model that determines how much to order by determining the amount that will meet customer service levels while mini- mizing total ordering and holding costs.
Soá löôïng ñôn haøng kinh teá (EOQ)
Moät moâ hình toàn kho quyeát ñònh löôïng ñôn haøng thoâng qua vieäc xaùc ñònh soá löôïng ñaùp öùng caáp ñoä dòch vuï khaùch haøng trong khi toái thieåu hoùa toång chi phí ñaët vaø giöõ ñôn haøng.
Economic Value Added (EVA)
A measurement of shareholder value as a company’s operating profits after tax, less an appropriate charge for the capital used in creat- ing the profits.
Giaù trò gia taêng kinh teá (EVA)
Thöôùc ño giaù trò cuûa coå phieáu, laø lôïi nhuaän cuûa coâng ty sau thueá, tröø ñi chi phí hôïp lyù cho voán söû duïng ñeå taïo ra lôïi nhuaän.
Economy of Scale
A phenomenon whereby larger volumes of production reduce unit cost by distributing fixed costs over a larger quantity.
Lôïi theá veà quy moâ
Moät hieän töôïng, theo ñoù vieäc saûn xuaát moät löôïng haøng hoùa lôùn hôn seõ giuùp giaûm chi phí treân moãi ñôn vò haøng, thoâng qua vieäc chia chi phí coá ñònh treân moät soá löôïng lôùn.
ECR See Efficient Consumer Response - Xem Efficient Consumer Response
EDI See Electronic Data Interchange - Xem Electronic Data Interchange
EDIFACT
Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce, and Transport. The United Nations EDI standard.
EDTFACT
Chuyeån giao döõ lieäu ñieän töû cho quaûn lyù, thöông maïi vaø vaän taûi. Laø moät boä tieâu chuaån EDI cuûa Lieân Hieäp Quoác EDI Standards
Criteria that define the data content and format requirements for specific business transactions (e.g. purchase orders). Using standard formats allows companies to exchange transactions with multiple trading partners easily.
Tieâu chuaån EDI
Tieâu chí xaùc ñònh caùc yeâu caàu veà noäi dung vaø hình thöùc döõ lieäu cho töøng giao dòch kinh doanh (ví duï, ñôn ñaët haøng). Söû duïng nhöõng ñònh daïng tieâu chuaån giuùp caùc coâng ty trao ñoåi caùc giao dòch vôùi nhau moät caùch deã daøng.
Efficient Consumer Response (ECR)
A demand driven replenishment system designed to link all parties in the logistics channel to create a massive flow-through distribution network. Replenishment is based upon consumer demand and point of sale information.
Ñaùp öùng ngöôøi tieâu duøng hieäu naêng (ECR)
Heä thoáng boå sung do caàu keùo ñöôïc thieát keá nhaèm giuùp lieân keát taát caû caùc ñoái töôïng trong keânh logistics ñeå taïo ra maïng löôùi phaân phoái haøng loaït. Quaù trình boå sung döïa treân thoâng tin nhu caàu cuûa ngöôøi tieâu duøng vaø caùc ñieåm baùn haøng
Electronic Commerce (EC)
Also written as e-commerce. Conducting business electronically via traditional EDI technologies, or online via the Internet. In the tra- ditional sense of selling goods, it is possible to do this electronically because of certain software programs that run the main functions of an e-commerce website, such as product display, online ordering, and inventory management. The definition of e-commerce includes business activity that is business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C).
Thöông maïi ñieän töû (EC)
Laø vieäc thöïc hieän caùc hoaït ñoäng kinh doanh baèng phöông tieän ñieän töû thoâng qua caùc coâng ngheä EDI truyeàn thoáng, hay tröïc tuyeán treân Internet. Thöïc hieän hoaït ñoäng kinh doanh tröïc tuyeán nhôø söï giuùp ñôõ cuûa nhöõng chöông trình phaàn meàm coù nhöõng chöùc naêng chính treân caùc website thöông maïi ñieän töû, ví duï hieån thò thoâng tin saûn phaåm, ñaët haøng tröïc tuyeán, quaûn trò toàn kho. Thöông maïi ñieän töû bao goàm moâ hình kinh doanh ñieän töû töø doanh nghieäp ñeán doanh nghieäp (B2B), moâ hình töø doanh nghieäp ñeán ngöôøi tieâu duøng (B2C).
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
Intercompany, computer-to-computer transmission of business information in a standard format
Chuyeån giao döõ lieäu ñieän töû (EDI)
Vieäc chuyeån giao caùc thoâng tin giao dòch lieân coâng ty, töø maùy tính ñeán maùy tính theo moät ñònh daïng tieâu chuaån.
Electronic Signature
A form of authentication that provides identification and validation of a transac- tion by means of an authorization code identifying the individual or organization.
Chöõ kyù ñieän töû
Moät hình thöùc chöùng thöïc cung caáp vieäc nhaän daïng vaø xaùc nhaän moät giao dòch baèng caùch thoâng qua maõ soá hieäu löïc cho toå chöùc hoaëc caù nhaân.
Empowerment
A condition whereby employees have the authority to make decisions and take action in their work areas without prior approval. For example, an operator can stop a production process if he or she detects a problem, or a customer service representative can send out a replacement product if a customer calls with a problem.
Giao quyeàn
Ñieåu kieän theo ñoù nhaân vieân coù quyeàn ñöa ra quyeát ñònh vaø thöïc hieän trong phaïm vi coâng vieäc cuûa hoï maø khoâng caàn phaûi coù söï thoâng qua
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Encryption
The transformation of readable text into coded text for security purposes.
Maõ hoùa
Vieäc chuyeån hoaù caùc vaên baûn thaønh caùc ñoaïn maõ nhaèm muïc ñích baûo maät.
End-of-Life
Planning and execution at the end of the life of a product. The challenge is making just the right amount to avoid a) ending up with excess, which have to be sold at great discounts or scrapped or b) ending up with shortages before the next generation is available.
Cuoái voøng ñôøi saûn phaåm
Vieäc hoaïch ñònh vaø thöïc hieän ôû giai ñoaïn cuoái cuûa voøng ñôøi saûn phaåm. Thaùch thöùc ñaët ra laø ñöa ñuùng soá löôïng saûn phaåm nhaèm a) traùnh söï dö thöøa sau ñoù phaûi baùn vôùi möùc chieát khaáu cao hoaëc phaûi boû ñi hoaëc b) keát thuùc vôùi söï thieáu huït tröôùc khi theá heä saûn phaåm môùi saün saøng.
End-of-Life Inventory
Inventory on hand that will satisfy future demand for products that are no longer in production at your entity.
Toàn kho giai ñoaïn cuoái
Toàn kho hieän coù seõ ñaùp öùng caùc nhu caàu trong töông lai cuûa nhöõng saûn phaåm maø seõ khoâng coøn saûn xuaát nöõa.
Enterprise-Wide ABM
A management information system that uses activity-based information to facilitate decision making across an organization.
Enterprise-Wide ABM
Moät heä thoáng quaûn lyù thoâng tin, söû duïng caùc thoâng tin döïa treân hoaït ñoäng, ñeå hoã trôï vieäc ra quyeát ñònh trong coâng ty.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System
A class of software for planning and managing “enterprise-wide” the resources needed to take customer orders, ship them, account for them and replenish all needed goods according to customer orders and forecasts. Often includes electronic commerce with suppliers.
Examples of ERP systems are the application suites from SAP, Oracle, PeopleSoft and others.
Heä thoáng hoaïch ñònh nguoàn löïc doanh nghieäp
Phaàn meàm hoã trôï vieäc leân keá hoaïch vaø quaûn lyù nguoàn löïc “toaøn coâng ty” ñeå thöïc hieän ñôn haøng, vaän chuyeån, taøi chính vaø boå sung löôïng haøng döïa treân döï baùo vaø caùc thoâng tin ñaët haøng töø khaùch haøng. Heä thoáng naøy thöôøng bao goàm caû hoaït ñoäng thöông maïi ñieän töû vôùi nhaø cung caáp. Caùc ví duï veà heä thoáng ERP laø caùc goùi öùng duïng cuûa SAP, Oracle, PeopleSoft vaø caùc haõng khaùc.
EOL See End-of-Life - Xem End-of-Life
EOQ See Economic Order Quantity - Xem Economic Order Quantity
ERP See Enterprise Resources Planning System - Xem Enterprise Resources Planning System
ESI See Early Supplier Involvement - Xem Early Supplier Involvement
EVA See Economic Value Added - Xem Economic Value Added
Exception Message See c - Xem Economic Value Added Exclusive patronage agreements
A shipper agrees to use only member liner firms of a conference in return for a 10% to 15% rate reduction.
Thoûa thuaän hoã trôï ñaëc bieät
Vieäc chuû haøng ñoàng yù söû duïng dòch vuï cuûa caùc haõng taøu trong cuøng moät hieäp hoäi ñeå ñoåi laïi möùc 10% ñeán 15% chieát khaáu.
Exclusive use.
Carrier vehicles that are assigned to a specific shipper for its exclusive use.
Söû duïng ñoäc quyeàn
Vieäc thieát bò vaän chuyeån ñöôïc giao cho moät chuû haøng nhaát ñònh quyeàn söû duïng ñoäc quyeàn.
Export Compliance
Complying with rules for exporting products, including packaging, labeling, and documentation.
Tuaân thuû xuaát khaåu
Vieäc tuaân theo caùc quy ñònh veà xuaát khaåu haøng bao goàm ñoùng goùi, daùn nhaõn, vaø chöùng töø.
Export sales contract
The initial document in any international transaction; it details the specifics of the sales agreement between the buyer and seller.
Hôïp ñoàng xuaát khaáu
Moät chöùng töø ghi nhaän giao dòch quoác teá trong ñoù lieät keâ chi tieát caùc thoûa thuaän giöõa ngöôøi baùn vaø ngöôøi mua.
Extended Enterprise
The notion that supply chain partners form a larger entity which works together as though it were a single unit.
Doanh nghieäp môû roäng
Caùc ñoái taùc trong chuoãi cung öùng hình thaønh neân moät toå chöùc lôùn hôn vaø hoaït ñoäng nhö theå laø moät ñôn vò rieâng leû.
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
A computer term for a language that facilitates direct communication among computers on the Internet. Unlike the older hypertext markup language (HTML), which provides data tags giving instructions to a web browser about how to display information, XML tags give instructions to a browser or to application software which help to define the specifics about the category of information.
Ngoân ngöõ ñaùnh daáu môû roäng (XML)
Ñaây laø thuaät ngöõ maùy tính noùi veà ngoân ngöõ giuùp trao ñoåi tröïc tieáp giöõa caùc maùy tính thoâng qua Internet. Khoâng gioáng nhö ngoân ngöõ ñaùnh daáu sieâu vaên baûn cuõ (HTML) trong vieäc höôùng daãn caùc trình duyeät web laøm theáâ naøo hieån thò thoâng tin, XML ñöa ra nhöõng höôùng daãn cho trình duyeät hoaëc trình öùng duïng ñeå ñònh nghóa cuï theå nhöõng phaân loaïi thoâng tin.
Extranet
A computer term describing a private network that links separate organizations and that uses the same software and protocols as the Internet. Used for improving supply chain management. For example, extranets are used to provide access to a supply chain partners internal inventory data which is not available to unrelated parties.
Maïng noäi boä môû roäng
Maïng maùy tính noái lieàn caùc toå chöùc vôùi nhau vaø söû duïng chung phaàn meàm vaø giao thöùc nhö Internet giuùp caûi thieän toát hôn quaûn lyù chuoãi cung öùng. Ví duï, maïng noäi boä môû roäng cho pheùp caùc beân lieân quan trong chuoãi cung öùng truy caäp vaøo döõ lieäu toàn kho maø tröôùc ñaây caùc ñoái taùc naøy khoâng theå coù ñöôïc.
“International logistic coordination must always involve some invasion of the economic rights, independence, and sovereignty of each nation of the alliance.”
Rear Admiral Henry E. Eccles: Logistics in the National Defense (1959)
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Facilities
The physical plant, distribution centers, service centers, and related equipment.
Cô sôû vaät chaát
Nhaø maùy, trung taâm phaân phoái, trung taâm dòch vuï khaùch haøng, thieát bò lieân quan.
Failure Modes Effects Analysis (FMEA)
A pro-active method of predicting faults and failures so that preventive action can be taken.
Phaân tích taùc ñoäng phöông thöùc loãi (FMEA)
Ñaây laø phöông phaùp tieân phong döï baùo loãi ñeå ñöa ra nhöõng bieän phaùp phoøng ngöøa töông öùng.
Fair-share Quantity Logic
In inventory management, the process of equitably allocating available stock among field distribution centers. Fair-share quantity logic is normally used when stock available from a central inventory location is less than the cumulative requirements of the field stocking loca- tions. The use of fair-share quantity logic involves procedures that “push” stock out to the field, instead of allowing the field to “pull” in what is needed. The objective is to maximize customer service from the limited available inventory.
Logic soá löôïng töông öùng
Trong quaûn trò toàn kho, laø tieán trình caân ñoái löôïng haøng toàn kho saün coù giöõa caùc trung taâm phaân phoái. Vieäc phaân chia soá löôïng haøng sao cho hôïp lyù ñöôïc aùp duïng khi löôïng toàn kho saün coù töø ñòa ñieåm trung taâm ít hôn toång soá löôïng toàn kho yeâu caàu töø nhöõng ñòa ñieåm khaùc.
Vaø do ñoù phaûi ñieàu chænh soá löôïng toàn kho naøy ñeå ñaùp öùng yeâu caàu khaùch haøng nhanh choùng. Muïc tieâu cuûa phöông phaùp naøy laø toái ña hoùa dòch vuï khaùch haøng töø löôïng haøng toàn kho giôùi haïn.
Fair value
The value of the carriers property; the basis of calculation has included original cost minus depreciation, replacement cost, and market value.
Giaù trò coøn laïI
Giaù trò taøi saûn cuûa coâng ty sau khi tröø khaáu hao, trò giaù thay theá vaø trò giaù thanh lyù vaøo giaù trò goác ban ñaàu.
FAKSee Freight All Kinds - Xem Freight All Kinds
FASSee Final Assembly Schedule - Xem Final Assembly Schedule
FASTSee Fast and Secure Trade - Xem Fast and Secure Trade
Fast and Secure Trade (FAST)
U.S. Customs program that allows importers on the U.S./Canada border to obtain expedited release for qualifying commercial shipments.
Chöông trình an ninh vaø nhanh choùng giaûi phoùng haøng (FAST)
Ñaây laø chöông trình cuûa haûi quan Myõ cho pheùp nhaø nhaäp khaåu nhöõng loâ haøng ôû bieân giôùi Myõ / Canada coù ñöôïc quyeát ñònh giaûi phoùng haøng nhanh choùng cho nhöõng loâ haøng thöông maïi ñaõ ñöôïc kieåm tra.
FEUSee Forty-foot equivalent unit - Xem Forty-foot equivalent unit
FGSee Finished Goods Inventory - Xem Finished Goods Inventory
FGISee Finished Goods Inventory - Xem Finished Goods Inventory
Field Finished Goods
Inventory which is kept at locations outside the four walls of the manufacturing plant (i.e., distribution center or warehouse).
Thaønh phaåm löu kho taïi hieän tröôøng
Ñaây laø toàn kho thaønh phaåm ñöôïc caát giöõ beân ngoaøi nhaø maùy (nhö taïi trung taâm phaân phoái, hoaëc kho haøng beân ngoaøi).
Field Service
See After-Sale Service - Xem After-Sale Service Field Service Parts
Parts inventory kept at locations outside the four walls of the manufacturing plant (i.e., distribution center or warehouse).
Phuï kieän löu kho taïi hieän tröôøng
Ñaây laø toàn kho phuï kieän rôøi ñöôïc caát giöõ beân ngoaøi nhaø maùy (nhö taïi trung taâm phaân phoái hoaëc kho haøng beân ngoaøi).
FIFOSee First In, First Out - Xem First In, First Out
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
The Internet service that transfers files from one computer to another.
Giao thöùc truyeàn teäp (FTP)
Ñaây laø giao thöùc truyeàn döõ lieäu töø maùy tính naøy sang maùy tính khaùc qua Internet.
Fill Rate
The percentage of order items that the picking operation actually fills within a given period of time.
Tyû leä hoaøn thaønh ñôn haøng
Tyû leä maët haøng trong moät ñôn haøng ñöôïc laáy ra trong moät giai ñoaïn thôøi gian xaùc ñònh.
Final Assembly
The highest level assembled product, as it is shipped to customers. This terminology is typically used when products consist of many possible features and options that may only be combined when an actual order is received.
Laép raùp cuoái cuøng
Saûn phaåm hoaøn chænh saün saøng xuaát ñi cho khaùch haøng. Thuaät ngöõ naøy thöôøng ñöôïc söû duïng cho nhöõng saûn phaåm coù nhieàu ñaëc ñieåm ñaëc bieät vaø coù nhieàu löïa choïn maø chæ coù theå laép raùp laïi khi nhaän ñöôïc moät ñôn haøng thöïc teá.
Final Assembly Schedule (FAS)
A schedule of end items to finish the product for specific customers orders in a make-to-order or assemble-to-order environment. It is also referred to as the finishing schedule because it may involve operations other than just the final assembly; also, it may not involve assembly, but simply final mixing, cutting, packaging, etc.
Lòch trình laép raùp cuoái cuøng (FAS)
Lòch trình naøy ñeå hoaøn thaønh saûn phaåm theo nhöõng ñôn haøng cuï theå trong ñieàu kieän saûn xuaát theo ñôn haøng hoaëc laép raùp theo ñôn haøng.
Lòch trình naøy coù theå khoâng bao goàm hoaït ñoäng laép raùp cuoái cuøng, noù coù theå laø böôùc ñôn giaûn cuoái cuøng nhö keát hôïp, caét, ñoùng goùi,….
Finished Goods Inventory (FG or FGI)
Products completely manufactured, packaged, stored, and ready for distribution.
Toàn kho haøng hoùa thaønh phaåm (FG or FGI) Saûn phaåm ñaõ hoaøn chænh saün saøng cho phaân phoái.
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Keá hoaïch coâng vieäc xaùc ñònh
Phöông phaùp hoaïch ñònh coâng vieäc ñaûm baûo cho coâng vieäc thöïc hieän khoâng vöôït quaù khaû naêng saün coù.
Firm Planned Order
A planned order which has been committed to production.
Ñôn haøng hoaïch ñònh chaéc chaén
Ñôn haøng ñöôïc hoaïch ñònh chaéc chaén cho saûn xuaát.
First In, First Out (FIFO)
Warehouse term meaning first items stored are the first used. In accounting this tem is associated with the valuing of inventory such that the latest purchases are reflected in book inventory. Also see: Book Inventory
Nhaäp tröôùc, Xuaát tröôùc (FIFO)
Laø phöông phaùp theo ñoù maët haøng naøo nhaäp kho tröôùc thì ñöôïc söû duïng tröôùc. Trong keá toaùn, phöông phaùp duøng trong vieäc xaùc ñònh giaù trò toàn kho theo ñoù giaù trò mua haøng cuoái cuøng seõ theå hieän trong toàn kho theo soå saùch. Xem theâm: Book Inventory
Fixed Costs
Costs, which do not fluctuate with business volume in the short run. Fixed costs include items such as depreciation on buildings and fixtures.
Chi phí coá ñònh
Chi phí khoâng ñoåi theo doanh soá kinh doanh trong ngaén haïn, ví duï nhö khaáu hao.
Fixed Overhead
Traditionally, all manufacturing costs, other than direct labor and direct materials, that continue even if products are not produced.
Although fixed overhead is necessary to produce the product, it cannot be directly traced to the final product. Also see: Indirect Cost Chi phí giaùn tieáp coá ñònh
Laø taát caû caùc chi phí saûn xuaát ngoaïi tröø chi phí nhaân coâng tröïc tieáp, chi phí nguyeân vaät lieäu söû duïng tröïc tieáp, ngay caû nhöõng chi phí khoâng phaûi duøng cho saûn xuaát saûn phaåm. Maëc duø nhöõng chi phí giaùn tieáp coá ñònh naøy laø caàn thieát ñeå saûn xuaát saûn phaåm nhöng noù coù theå khoâng ñöôïc phaân boå trong saûn phaåm cuoái cuøng. Xem theâm: Indirect Cost
Fixed-Location Storage
A method of storage in which a relatively permanent location is assigned for the storage of each item in a storeroom or warehouse..
Löu kho taïi vò trí coá ñònh
Ñaây laø phöông phaùp löu kho chæ ñònh vò trí löu kho laâu daøi cho moät maët haøng xaùc ñònh trong nhaø kho.
Flatcar
A rail car without sides; used for hauling machinery.
OÂ toâ ray chôû haøng
Loaïi oâ toâ ray chôû haøng khoâng coù thaønh xe caùc beân duøng ñeå chôû maùy moùc.
Flexibility
Ability to respond quickly and efficiently to changing customer and consumer demands.
Tính linh hoaït
Khaû naêng phaûn hoài laïi nhanh choùng vaø hieäu quaû ñeå thay ñoåi nhu caàu cuûa khaùch haøng vaø ngöôøi tieâu duøng.
Flexible-path equipment
Materials handling devices that include hand trucks and forklifts.
Thieát bò daãn linh hoaït
Nhöõng thieát bò ñieàu khieån taïi kho bao goàm xe taûi söû duïng cô hoaëc xe naâng.