See Manufacturing Calendar - Xem Manufacturing Calendar MeanThe arithmetic average of a group of values.
Giaù trò trung bình
Bình quaân soá hoïc cuûa moät nhoùm giaù trò.
Measurement ton
Equals 40 cubic feet; used in water transportation rate making.
Ñôn vò ño taán theo khoái
Töông ñöông vôùi 40 feet khoái; söû duïng trong vaän taûi ñöôøng bieån khi tính cöôùc.
Median
The middle value in a set of measured values when the items are arranged in order of magnitude. If there is no single middle value, the median is the mean of the two middle values.
Trung vò
Giaù trò naèm ôû giöõa cuûa moät nhoùm caùc giaù trò ñöôïc ño löôøng.
MESSee Manufacturing Execution Systems - Xem Manufacturing Execution Systems
Merger
The combination of two or more carriers into one company for the ownership, management, and operation of the properties previously operated on a separate basis.
Saùp nhaäp
Vieäc keát hôïp hai hoaëc nhieàu hôn caùc nhaø chuyeân chôû thaønh moät coâng ty chung veà maët sôû höõu, quaûn lyù vaø hoaït ñoäng maø tröôùc ñaây laø rieâng reõ.
Message
The EDIFACT term for a transaction set. A message is the collection of data, organized in segments, exchanged by trading partners engaged in EDI. Typically, a message is an electronic version of a document associated with a common business transaction, such as a purchase order or shipping notice. A message begins with a message header segment, which identifies the start of the message (e.g., the series of characters representing one purchase order). The message header segment also carries the message type code, which identi- fies the business transaction type. EDIFACT’s message header segment is called UNH; in ANSI X12 protocol, the message header is called ST. A message ends with a message trailer segment, which signals the end of the message (e.g., the end of one purchase order).
EDIFACT’s message trailer is labeled UNT; the ANSI X12 message trailer is referred to as SE.
Thoâng ñieäp
Moät thuaät ngöõ trong EDIFACT chæ moät boä giao dòch. Moät thoâng ñieäp laø söï toång hôïp cuûa döõ lieäu, ñöôïc toå chöùc thaønh töøng phaàn, ñöôïc trao ñoåi giöõa caùc ñoái taùc kinh doanh tham gia vaøo EDI. Thoâng thöôøng, moät thoâng ñieäp laø phieân baûn ñieän töû cuûa chöùng töø lieân quan ñeán caùc giao dòch kinh doanh phoå bieán, nhö laø ñôn ñaët haøng, hoaëc giaáy chuyeån haøng. Moät thoâng ñieäp thöôøng baét ñaàu vôùi phaàn tieâu ñeà (ví duï, soá seâri ñaïi dieän cho moät ñôn ñaët haøng). Phaàn tieâu ñeà cuõng chuyeån taûi maõ soá cuûa thoâng ñieäp, giuùp xaùc nhaän loaïi giao dòch thöïc hieän. Tieâu ñeà cuûa thoâng ñieäp theo EDIFACT goïi laø UNH; theo giao thöùc ANSI X12 goïi laø ST. Thoâng ñieäp keát thuùc vôùi phaàn thoâng tin keát thuùc. Trong EDIFACT goïi laø UNT; trong ANSI X12 goïi laø SE.
Meta Tag
An optional HTML tag that is used to specify information about a web document. Some search engines use “spiders” to index web pages.
These spiders read the information contained within a page’s META tag. So in theory, an HTML or web page author has the ability to control how their site is indexed by search engines and how and when it will “come up” on a user’s search. The META tag can also be used to specify an HTTP or URL address for the page to “jump” to after a certain amount of time. This is known as Client-Pull. What this means, is a web page author can control the amount of time a web page is up on the screen as well as where the browser will go next.
Sieâu nhaõn
Moät nhaõn HTML duøng ñeå chæ thoâng tin veà moät vaên baûn web. Moät soá coâng cuï tìm kieám söû duïng caùc “spider” theå ñaùnh daáu caùc trang web. Nhöõng spider naøy seõ ñoïc caùc thoâng tin chöùa trong caùc sieâu nhaõn cuûa moät trang web. Do ñoù treân phöông dieän lyù thuyeát, moät taùc giaû cuûa trang web coù khaû naêng kieåm soaùt caùch maø website cuûa mình ñöôïc ñaùnh daáu bôûi caùc coâng cuï tìm kieám vaø caùch thöùc vaø thôøi ñieåm noù xuaát hieän treân trang coâng cuï tìm kieám cuûa ngöôøi duøng. Moät sieâu nhaõn coù theå ñöôïc duøng ñeå chæ moät ñòa chæ URL hay HTTP cho moät trang web.
148
Micro-land bridge
An intermodal movement in which the shipment is moved from a foreign country to the U.S. by water and then moved across the U.S.
by railroad to an interior, nonport city, or vice versa for exports from a nonport city.
Vaän chuyeån theo phöông thöùc Micro-land bridge
Phöông thöùc vaän chuyeån ña phöông thöùc theo ñoù loâ haøng ñöôïc chuyeån töø nöôùc ngoaøi ñeán Myõ baèng ñöôøng bieån vaø sau ñoù ñöôïc vaän chuyeån khaép nöôùc Myõ baèng ñöôøng saét ñeán caùc thaønh phoá noäi ñòa nöôùc Myõ (thaønh phoá khoâng coù caûng) hoaëc ngöôïc laïi xuaát khaåu töø moät thaønh phoá noäi ñòa nöôùc Myõ ra nöôùc ngoaøi.
Mileage rate
A rate based upon the number of miles the commodity is shipped.
Cöôùc tính treân quaõng ñöôøng vaän chuyeån
Caùch tính cöôùc döïa treân toång soá daëm maø haøng hoùa ñöôïc vaän chuyeån.
Milk run
A regular route for pickup of mixed loads from several suppliers. For example, instead of each of five suppliers sending a truckload per week to meet the weekly needs of the customer, one truck visits each of the suppliers on a daily basis before delivering to the custom- ers plant. Five truckloads per week are still shipped, but each truckload contains the daily requirement from each supplier. Also see:
Consolidation
Gom haøng theo tuyeán ñònh tröôùc
Moät tuyeán vaän chuyeån thöôøng xuyeân cho vieäc xeáp vaø gom haøng töø nhieàu nhaø cung caáp khaùc nhau. Ví duï, thay vì moãi trong soá naêm nhaø cung caáp töï göûi caùc xe haøng moãi tuaàn ñeå ñaùp öùng yeâu caàu cuûa khaùch haøng, thì moät xe taûi seõ gheù töøng nhaø cung caáp haøng ngaøy tröôùc khi giao tôùi nhaø maùy cuûa khaùch haøng. Naêm xe taûi moãi tuaàn vaãn ñöôïc vaän chuyeån, nhöng moãi xe taûi laïi chöùa haøng treân cô sôû haøng ngaøy töø nhaø cung caáp. Xem theâm: Consolidation
Min – Max System
A type of order point replenishment system where the “min” (minimum) is the order point, and the “max” (maximum) is the “order up to” inventory level. The order quantity is variable and is the result of the max minus the available and on-order inventory. An order is recommended when the sum of the available and on-order inventory is at or below the min.
Heä thoáng Min-Max
Moät loaïi heä thoáng boå sung haøng theo ñoù möùc toái thieåu laø möùc maø caàn ñaët theâm haøng vaø möùc toái ña laø möùc caàn phaûi ñaët haøng tôùi. Soá löôïng trong ñôn haøng coù theå thay ñoåi vaø baèng chính möùc toái ña tröø ñi toàn kho hieän taïi. Moät ñôn haøng thöôøng ñöôïc boå sung khi toång soá toàn kho baèng hoaëc thaáp hôn möùc toái thieåu.
Mini-land Bridge
An intermodal movement in which the shipment is moved from a foreign country to the U.S. by water and then moved across the U.S.
by railroad to a destination that is a port city, or vice versa for exports from a U.S. port city.
Vaän chuyeån theo phöông thöùc Mini-land Bridge
Moät phöông thöùc vaän chuyeån ña phöông thöùc theo ñoù loâ haøng ñöôïc chuyeån töø nöôùc ngoaøi ñeán Myõ baèng ñöôøng bieån vaø sau ñoù ñöôïc chuyeån ñi khaép nöôùc Myõ baèng ñöôøng saét tôùi nôi cuoái cuøng laø moät thaønh phoá caûng cuûa Myõ vaø ngöôïc laïi.
Minimum weight
The shipment weight specified by the carriers tariff as the minimum weight required to use the TL or CL rate; the rate discount volume.
Khoái löôïng toái thieåu
Khoái löôïng cuûa loâ haøng quy ñònh vôùi baûng giaù chuaån cuûa nhaø chuyeân chôû nhö laø khoái löôïng toái thieåu ñöôïc yeâu caàu söû duïng ñeå tính cöôùc TL hoaëc CL; cöôùc giaûm daàn theo khoái löôïng.
Misguided Capacity Plans
Plans or forecasts for capacity utilization, which are based on inaccurate assumptions or input data.
Keá hoaïch naêng löïc khoâng chính xaùc
Vieäc leân keá hoaïch vaø döï baùo khaû naêng taän duïng toái ña naêng löïc, döïa treân caùc giaû ñònh khoâng chính xaùc hoaëc döõ lieäu ñaàu vaøo khoâng chính xaùc.
Mixed loads
The movement of both regulated and exempt commodities in the same vehicle at the same time.
Chaát xeáp hoãn hôïp
Vieäc vaän chuyeån haøng hoùa bò giaùm saùt vaø khoâng bò giaùm saùt treân cuøng moät phöông tieän vaän chuyeån ôû cuøng moät thôøi ñieåm.
Move ticket
A document used to move inventory within a facility. Warehouse management systems use move tickets to direct and track material movements. In a paperless environment the electronic version of a move ticket is often called a task or a trip.
Veù di chuyeån
Moät loaïi chöùng töø duøng ñeå chuyeån haøng toàn kho beân trong moät kho haøng. Heä thoáng quaûn lyù kho haøng söû duïng veù di chuyeån ñeå tröïc tieáp theo doõi söï di chuyeån cuûa haøng hoùa. Trong moâi tröôøng khoâng giaáy tôø caùc phieân baûn ñieän töû cuûa veù di chuyeån ñöôïc goïi laø moät coâng vieäc (task).
MPSSee Master Production Schedule - Xem Master Production Schedule
MROSee Maintenance, Repair, and Operating Supplies - Xem Maintenance, Repair, and Operating Supplies
MRPSee Materials Requirements Planning - Xem Materials Requirements Planning
MRP-II:
See Manufacturing Resource Planning - Xem Manufacturing Resource Planning MSDSSee Material Safety Data Sheet - Xem Material Safety Data Sheet
Multi-Currency
The ability to process orders using a variety of currencies for pricing and billing.
Multi-Currency
Khaû naêng xöû lyù caùc ñôn haøng baèng caùch söû duïng nhieàu loaïi tieàn trong vieäc ñònh giaù vaø thanh toaùn.
Multinational company
A company that both produces and markets products in different countries.
Coâng ty ña quoác gia
Coâng ty saûn xuaát vaø baùn saûn phaåm ôû nhieàu quoác gia khaùc nhau.
Multi-Skilled
Pertaining to individuals who are certified to perform a variety of tasks.
Ña kyõ naêng
Nhöõng ngöôøi ñöôïc chöùng nhaän coù theå thöïc hieän nhieàu loaïi coâng vieäc.
ModeSee Transportation Mode - Xem Transportation Modeentification number assigned to an item to permit inventory management in the federal (U.S.) supply system.
Maõ soá toàn kho quoác gia
“… in its relationship to strategy, logistics assumes the character of a dynamic force, without which the strategic conception is simply a paper plan.”
Commander C. Theo Vogelsang, USN
152
National Stock Number (NSN)
The individual identification number assigned to an item to permit inventory management in the federal (U.S.) supply system.
Maõ soá toàn kho quoác gia (NSN)
Soá xaùc nhaän rieâng bieät ñöôïc aùp cho moät saûn phaåm giuùp cho vieäc quaûn lyù toàn kho trong heä thoáng cung öùng lieân bang Myõ . Net Asset Turns
The number of times you replenish your net assets in your annual sales cycle. A measure of how quickly assets are used to generate sales.
Calculation:
Total Product Revenue / Total Net Assets Voøng quay taøi saûn roøng
Soá laàn boå sung taøi saûn roøng trong chu kyø baùn haøng haøng naêm cuûa coâng ty. Ñaây laø moät thöôùc ño ñaùnh giaù toác ñoä söû duïng taøi saûn roøng ñeå taïo ra doanh thu.
Caùch tính:
Toång doanh soá cuûa saûn phaåm/Toång taøi saûn roøng.
Net Assets
Total Net assets are calculated as Total Assets - Total Liabilities; where: The total assets are made up of fixed assets (plant, machinery and equipment) and current assets which is the total of stock, debtors and cash (also includes A/R, inventory, prepaid assets, deferred assets, intangibles and goodwill). The total liabilities are made up in much the same way of long-term
liabilities and current liabilities (includes A/P, accrued expenses, deferred liabilities).
Taøi saûn roøng
Toång taøi saûn roøng ñöôïc tính baèng caùch laáy Toång taøi saûn tröø Toång soá nôï; theo ñoù toång taøi saûn bao goàm caùc taøi saûn coá ñònh (nhaø maùy, maùy moùc vaø trang thieát bò) vaø taøi saûn löu ñoäng bao goàm toång soá coå phaàn, khoaûn cho vay vaø tieàn maët ( bao goàm khoaûn phaûi thu, toàn kho, taøi saûn traû tröôùc, taøi saûn traû chaäm, taøi saûn voâ hình vaø giaù trò thöông hieäu). Toång soá nôï cuõng ñöôïc tính theo caùch töông töï bao goàm nôï daøi haïn vaø nôï ngaén haïn ( bao goàm khoaûn phaûi traû, chi phí traû chaäm, nôï traû chaäm).
New Product Introduction (NPI)
The process used to develop products that are new to the sales portfolio of a company.
Giôùi Thieäu Saûn Phaåm Môùi (NPI)
Quy trình ñöôïc aùp duïng ñeå giôùi thieäu caùc saûn phaåm môùi trong danh muïc baùn haøng cuûa coâng ty.
NodeA fixed point in a firms logistics system where goods come to rest; includes plants, warehouses, supply sources, and markets.
Ñieåm nuùt
Moät ñieåm coá ñònh trong heä thoáng logistics cuûa doanh nghieäp nôi haøng hoaù ñöôïc taäp trung tröôùc khi phaân phoái; bao goàm nhaø maùy, kho haøng, nguoàn cung vaø thò tröôøng.
Non-Vessel-Owning Common Carrier (NVOCC)
A firm that offers the same services as an ocean carrier, but which does not own or operate a vessel. NVOCCs usually act as consolidators, accepting small shipments (LCL) and consolidating them into full container loads. They also consolidate and disperse international containers. They then act as a shipper, tendering the containers to ocean common carriers.
Nhaø vaän chuyeån ñöôøng bieån khoâng taøu
Laø coâng ty cung caáp dòch vuï vaän chuyeån ñöôøng bieån nhö nhöõng haõng taøu thöïc söï, tuy nhieân coâng ty naøy khoâng sôû höõu hay khai thaùc taøu chuyeân chôû.
NVOCC thöôøng hoaït ñoäng nhö moät nhaø gom haøng leû, nhaän nhöõng loâ haøng leû
(LCL) vaø gom chuùng thaønh nhöõng loâ haøng lôùn hôn ñeå vaän chuyeån trong container. NVOCC seõ thay maët chuû haøng ñeå kyù keát dòch vuï vaän chuyeån container haøng leû naøy vôùi haõng taøu thöïc söï.
Noncertified carrier
A for-hire air carrier that is exempt from economic regulation.
Caùc nhaø chuyeân chôû khoâng ñöôïc coâng nhaän
Caùc nhaø chuyeân chôû ñöôøng naøy khoâng bò loaïi tröø ra khoûi caùc luaät leä kinh teá.
Nonconformity
Failure to fulfill a specified requirement.
Vieäc khoâng tuaân thuû
Vieäc khoâng ñaùp öùng moät yeâu caàu nhaát ñònh naøo ñoù ñöôïc goïi laø khoâng tuaân thuû.
Non-Durable goods
Goods whose serviceability is generally limited to a period of less than three years (such as perishable goods and semidurable goods).
Haøng hoùa mau hoûng
Haøng hoùa maø khaû naêng söû duïng thöôøng bò giôùi haïn trong moät khoaûng thôøi gian döôùi 3 naêm (nhö laø thöïc phaåm vaø moät soá maët haøng nhanh hoûng khaùc).
NPISee New Product Introduction - Xem New Product Introduction Object Linking and Embedding (OLE)
An object system created by Microsoft. OLE lets an author invoke different editor components to create a compound document.
Nhuùng vaø lieân keát ñoái töôïng
Moät ñaëc tính ñöôïc taïo ra bôûi Microsoft. OLE cho pheùp ngöôøi duøng goïi ra moät thaønh phaàn soaïn thaûo khaùc ñeå taïo ra moät taøi lieäu toång hôïp.
“Logistics is the stuff that if you dont have enough of, the war will not be won as soon as.”
General Nathaniel Green, Quartermaster, American Revolutionary Army
156
Obsolete Inventory
Inventory for which there is no forecast demand expected. A condition of being out of date. A loss of value occasioned by new develop- ments that place the older property at a competitive disadvantage.
Haøng toàn kho loãi thôøi
Löôïng haøng toàn kho maø khoâng coøn nhu caàu treân thò tröôøng. Tình traïng haøng toàn kho heát haïn söû duïng. Giaù trò maát ñi bôûi vieäc phaùt trieån saûn phaåm môùi ñaët caùc haøng toàn kho cuõ vaøo tình traïng maát lôïi theá caïnh tranh.
OEESee Overall Equipment Effectiveness - Xem Overall Equipment Effectiveness
OEMSee Original Equipment Manufacturer - Xem Original Equipment Manufacturer
Offshore
Utilizing an outsourcing service provider (manufacturer or business process) located in a country other than where the purchasing enterprise is located.
Thueâ/mua ngoaøi töø quoác gia khaùc
Vieäc söû duïng moät nhaø cung caáp dòch vuï beân ngoaøi (saûn xuaát hoaëc quy trình kinh doanh) taïi moät quoác gia khaùc ñöôïc goïi laø thueâ/mua ngoaøi töø quoác gia khaùc.
OLESee Object Linking and Embedding - Xem Object Linking and Embedding
On-Demand
Pertaining to work performed when demand is present. Typically used to describe products which are manufactured or assembled only when a customer order is placed.
Theo-nhu caàu
Nhöõng coâng vieäc ñöôïc thöïc hieän theo nhu caàu. Thuaät ngöõ naøy thöôøng ñöôïc duøng ñeå moâ taû nhöõng saûn phaåm ñöôïc saûn xuaát hoaëc laép raùp khi coù ñôn haøng.
On-Hand Balance
The quantity shown in the inventory records as being physically in stock.
Caân baèng thöïc teá
Soá löôïng theå hieän trong baùo caùo toàn kho phaûn aùnh soá löôïng haøng thöïc teá coøn laïi trong kho.
On-line receiving
A system in which computer terminals are available at each receiving bay and operators enter items into the system as they are un- loaded.
Nhaän haøng tröïc tuyeán
Moät heä thoáng theo ñoù maùy tính ñöôïc ñaët taïi khu vöïc nhaän haøng vaø ngöôøi ñieàu haønh heä thoáng seõ nhaäp döõ lieäu töøng maët haøng vaøo heä thoáng ngay khi haøng ñöôïc dôõ ra khoûi phöông tieän vaän chuyeån.
On Order
The amount of goods that has yet to arrive at a location or retail store. This includes all open purchase orders including, but not limited to, orders in transit, orders being picked, and orders being processed through customer service.
Theo ñôn haøng
Ñôn haøng ñaõ ñöôïc ñaët nhöng chöa chuyeån ñeán nôi nhaän hoaëc ñeán cöûa haøng. Noù bao goàm caùc ñôn haøng môû (open purchase orders) bao goàm nhöng khoâng giôùi haïn nhöõng ñôn haøng trong quaù trình vaän chuyeån, ñôn haøng ñang ñöôïc xeáp, vaø ñôn haøng ñang ñöôïc xöû lyù bôûi boä phaän dòch vuï khaùch haøng.
On Time In Full (OTIF)
Sales order delivery performance measure which can be expressed as a target, say, of achieving 98% of orders delivered in full, no part shipments, on the requested date.
Ñuû vaø ñuùng thôøi haïn (OTIF)
Ñaây laø moät thöôùc ño ñaùnh giaù hieäu quaû giao haøng vaø ñöôïc theå hieän baèng moät muïc tieâu cuï theå, nhö laø ñaït ñöôïc 98% ñôn haøng ñöôïc giao ñuû vaø ñuùng thôøi gian giao haøng yeâu caàu.
Online
A computer term which describes activities performed using computer systems.
Tröïc tuyeán
Moät thuaät ngöõ trong maùy tính chæ caùc taùc nghieäp ñang ñöôïc thöïc hieän thoâng qua vieäc söû duïng heä thoáng maùy tính.
Open-to-Buy
A control technique used in aggregate inventory management in which authorizations to purchase are made without being committed to specific suppliers. These authorizations are often reviewed by management using such measures as commodity in dollars and by time period.
Môû-ñeå-Mua
Moät kyõ thuaät kieåm soaùt ñöôïc duøng trong vieäc quaûn lyù toång theå toàn kho theo ñoù vieäc mua haøng ñöôïc cho pheùp thöïc hieän maø khoâng caàn phaûi cam keát söû duïng moät soá nhaø cung caáp roõ raøng naøo. Vieäc cho pheùp naøy thöôøng ñöôïc xem xeùt bôûi ban quaûn trò thoâng qua vieäc söû duïng caùc thöôùc ño nhö laø giaù trò haøng mua theo ñoàng USD vaø theo thôøi gian môû.
Operational Performance Measurements
1) In traditional management, performance measurements related to machine, worker, or department efficiency or utilization. These performance measurements are usually poorly correlated with organizational performance.
2) In theory of constraints, performance measurements that link causally to organizational performance measurements. Throughput, inventory, and operating expense are examples.
Also see: Performance Measures Thöôùc ño hieäu quaû hoaït ñoäng
1) Trong quaûn trò truyeàn thoáng, caùc thöôùc ño hieäu quaû hoaït ñoäng thöôøng lieân quan ñeán maùy moùc, coâng nhaân, hoaëc hieäu naêng cuûa moät phoøng. Nhöõng thöôùc ño naøy thöôøng ít lieân quan ñeán hieäu quaû cuûa caû moät toå chöùc.
2) Theo lyù thuyeát cuûa söï haïn cheá, thöôùc ño hieäu quaû hoaït ñoäng thöôøng coù moái quan heä nhaân quaû ñeán hieäu quaû cuûa caû toå chöùc. Ví duï nhö doanh soá, toàn kho vaø chi phí hoaït ñoäng.
Xem theâm: Performance Measures Operating ratio
A measure of operation efficiency defined as:
(Operating expenses / Operating revenues) x 100 Chæ soá hoaït ñoäng:
Moät thöôùc ño ñaùnh giaù hieäu naêng hoaït ñoäng ñöôïc xaùc laäp nhö sau:
(Chi phí hoaït ñoäng / Doanh soá hoaït ñoäng) x 100 Optimization
The process of making something as good or as effective as possible with given resources and constraints.
Toái öu hoùa
Quaù trình taïo ñaàu ra nhö laø haøng hoùa caøng hieäu quaû caøng toát trong ñieàu kieän nguoàn löïc vaø haïn cheá cho tröôùc.
Option