KHOA HOC CdNG HGHt
^* 7AI\IH HUOIXIG C U A M O T SO BIEIM P H A P K Y T H U A T CAIMH TAC DEIM SIIMH TRUOIME, P H A T TRIEIM V A IMAIMG S U A T C U A EUOIMG C H U O I T I E U HOIMG IMUOI CAY IVid
T A I HUYEIM TRAIM YEIM, TIIMH YEIM B A l
Trdn Trung KifinS Trdn Van DilnS Duong Trung DfingS Lfi Xuin Thdnh^
T6MTAT
Cac bifin phdp ky thuat bao gdm bdn phan, giu am vd khoang cich mat dp trdng cd mdi quan he tuong quan vdi sinh tnrdng phit triln, ning sudt vd eic yeu t6 cdu thanh ning suat chudi Tieu Hdng dupc dp dung d l nhan gidng bdng phuong phdp nudi cdy md. Kit qua thi nghifim cho thay:
Td hpp phin hdn thich hpp nhat cho gidng chudi Tieu Hdng trdng hing cay nudi cay md t l hio tiiuc vat l i 240 N + 60 P2O5 + 480 K^O g/ciy; mat dp ti-dng 2.500 cay/ha (2,0 x 2,0 m) vi giir dm bang hat gel (chdt gien). O t l hpp phin bdn niy ning suat dat 51,7 tan/ha vi hieu qua kinh te cao hon ddi chdng l i 51,330 trifiu ddng/ha. Phuong fhiic sd dung hat gitr am gel, nang suat chudi dat 49,4 tanAa, hifiu qua kinh t l ting so vdi ddi chung khdng ip dung cdc phuong thdc giir am Ii 24,721 tiieu ddng/ha. Mat dd trdng chudi Tifiu Hdng bdng cay nudi cay md 2.500 eay/ha (2,0 x 2,0 m) cho nang sudt cao nhat (43,7 tan/ha); lpi nhuan thu dupc l i 143,250 trifiu ddng/ha.
Tuldida: Ciy chudi, giu am, mitdd tiong, nuoi ciy md, phin bdn.
LOATVIUUBE
Chudi Id ciy in qua quan trpng d nudc ta, dfi trdng, thich nghi rdng, dfi su dung, cd tilm nang xudt khau, nang sudt v i hifiu qui kmh tl cao. Nam 2011, Vifin Nghifin cuu Rau qua da tuyin chon dupc gidng chudi Tieu Hdng, dupc Bd Ndng nghifip vd Phit triln Ndng thdn cdng nhin l i gidng san xuat thu. Gidng ehudi nay sinh trudng khde, nang sudt cao, chat lupng tdt trong ea mua lanh vd mua ndng, thich hpp trdng d nhieu vimg khac nhau, nhat Id ti-fin cdc gidi ddt phd sa dpc cic con sdng ldn.
Yfin Bii li mdt tinh miln ndi cd tilm ning phdt triln chudi khdng chi cho tifiu dung npi tinh ma cdn hudng san pham ra cdc tinh ngodi vd xuat khdu.
Theo sd Ufiu cua Tdng cue Thdng ke, nam 2012, cd nudc cd 122.800 ha chudi, sin lupng deit gan 1,8 trifiu tdn. Cung tiong nim 2012, dien tich trdng ehudi cda tinh Yfin Bdi Id 1.179 ha, sin lupng dat ti-fin 11,6 nghin tdn, ning suat chudi binh quin tren todn tinh chi dgt 10,37 tdn/ha, kem xa so vdi tiem nang vdn cd cua gidng li 40 - 45 tan/ha vi chi bang 61,81% nang sudt chudi tiung binh cua ci nudc (16,51 tan/ha). Ky thudt tham canh chua hpp ly li nguyfin nhan chinh
Tmdng D^i hgc NL Thai Nguyen
• Sd Khoa hpc v i Cong ngh? Yen Bai
ddn din tinh trang niy, trong dd chl dp dinh dudng, dm dp ddt vi siu bfinh hai dupc xem l i cac ylu td cd tdc ddng manh den qui trinh hinh thinh ning suit chudi 0 hau khdp cdc vung trdng chudi trong ca nudc. Xuat phdt tu quan dilm tren, vific 'Nghidn cuu mdt sd bien phip ky thuit canh tic gidng chudi Tidu Hdng nudi cay md tai huydn Tran Yen, tinh Ydn Bii"
nhdm nang cao nang suat ehudi la hit sdc can thilt.
2. VAT LEU, NQI DUNG VA PHUDNG PHAP NGMBV CUU Ddi t u p n g nghifin c d u l i g i d n g c h u d i Tifiu Hdng dupc nhin gidng bang phuong phap nudi cay md te bao.
Nghien cuu dupc tien hinh tai xa Y Can, huyfin Tran Yen, tmh Yen Bdi. Thdi gian nghifin cdu td tiiang 2/2012 din thing 2/2013.
Thi nghifim tiln hinh vio vu xuin, bd tri theo kieu khdi ngdu nhifin hoan toan, mdi cdng thuc nhdc lai ba ldn. Cic cdng thuc thi nghiem bao gdm:
Thi nghifim 1: Thi nghiem phin bdn (kg/ha) - Cdng tilde PI: 180 N+45 V.fi^V3m K,0.
- Cdng tilde P2: 200 N+ 50 P2O5+ 400 K^O (ddi chdng).
- C d n g t h u c P3: 220 N+ 55 PP|-,+440 K , 0 . - C d n g ( h u e P4: 240 N+ 60 P.,O5+480 K , 0 .
NONG NGHllP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 10/2014
49KHOA HOC CdNG NGHt - Cong thiic F5: 260 N+ 65 P2Ost520 KjO.
Thi nghidm 2: Thi nghiem giir i n - Cong thiic TL: Khong lu goc (d6i chiing).
- C6ng thiic T2; Tu bang rom ra sau trong.
- Cfing thiic T3: Che phu mang PE khi trong.
- Cong thiic T4: Sir dung hat gitr am gel liic tr6ng chuoi.
Thi nghifem 3; Thi nghifim khoang each, mat dp trong
- Cong thiic Ml: 1,8 X 1,8 m (3.086 cay/ha).
- Cong thiic M2:1,8 x 2,0 m (2.778 cay/ha).
- Cong thiic M3: 2,0 x 2,0 m (2.500 cay/ha) (doi chiing).
- C6ng thilc M4: 2,0 x 2,2 m (2.273 cay/ha).
- Cong thilc M5: 2,2 x 2,2 m (2.066 cay/ha).
Cac chi tifeu theo doi ve sinh trudng (30 ngay do 114n) va nang suat theo doi 5 cay co dinh cho m6i thi Bang 1. Anh huong ciia to hop phan bon den thai gian
nghifem. Cac sd li6u dugc xii ly thong k« tren may tinh v « phan mem IRRISTAT 5.0 va MICROSOFT EXCEL
3.KErgiM*llTIIMLUMI
3.1. Anh h u m g cila c i c td hgp phan bdn d &
sinh tnrong vi phat t i i & cua gidng chudi Ti«u Hdng 3.1.1. Anh huong cUa cac to hop phin bon den thai gian smh truong
¥& qua thu dugc 6 bang 1 cho thay cac miic phan bon cao CO xu huong nit ngan thdi gian tir trong den thu hoach. Cdng thiic Pi (180 N+45 P2O5+36O KjO g/cay) CO thdi gian tu trdng den thu hoach keo dai nh& (324 ngay) tuong duong vdi Pj (200 N+ 50 PjOsi- 400 K2O (ddi chiing) 317 ngay. Cac cdng thiic P, va P5 cd thdi gian sinh trudng la 299 - 301 ngay v4 ddu co thoi gian sinh truong ngdn hon so vdi cdng thuc ddi chiing chae chan d miic tin cay 9596. Cdng thiic P3 co thdi gian sinh tnrdng tuong dirong vdi ddi chiing va ngdn hon Pi chae chan d miic tin cay 95%.
sinh trudng dia gidng chudi Tidu Hdng nudi cSiy md CT
P, P2 P, P.
Ps
Lugng phan bdn (g/cay) 180 N+45 PjOs+360 K^O 200 N+ 50 P20s+ 400 K^O (D/C)
220 N+ 55 P,O,+440 K,0 240 N+ 60 P2OS+48O KjO 260N+65P,Os+520K,O
CV(%) LSDaos
Trdng - trd budng (ngay)
211 205 197"
192' 193"
3,2 12,1
Trd budng-Thu hoach (ngay)
113 112 111 109 107 5,5 ns
Tdng sd (ngay)
324 317 306 301 299"
1,9 11,1 3.1.2. Anh hudng cua cic td hpp phin bdn den
die diem hinh thii
than gii v i dudng kinh thin lai cd xu hirdng giim.
Chilu cao tiiin gia d cic cdng thuc Ps, P4, cao hon so vdi cdng thuc doi chung (P2). Cic cdng thuc phin bdn khac nhau khdng lim thay doi dudng kinh than cda chudi Tifiu Hdng.
Chilu cao than gia v i dudng kinh than gid cd xu hudng ting vdi cdc mue phan bdn tang trong khoang tu cdng thuc P^ din P^. O cdng thuc P5 thi chilu cao
Bang 2. Anh hudng cua to hpp phdn hdn d i n chilu cao than gia, dudng kinh ttidn gia khi trd budng cua gidng chudi Tifiu Hdng nudi cdy md
CT Pi P, P3 Pi P5
Lugng phan bdn (g/cay) 180 N+45 P2O5+36O K2O 200 N+ 50 P2O5+ 400 K2O (P/C)
22ON+55P2O5+44OK2O 24ON+6OP2O5+48OK2O 260 N+ 65 P2O5+52O K,0
CV&) LSDos
Chieu cao than gia (cm) 218,2 224,8 238,8"
238,7' 237,3' 3,0 13,2
Dudng kinh than gia (cm) 18,2 18,4 19,6 19,9 19,3 5,0 Ns
50
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 10/2014
KHOA HOC C O H G NGHl
3.1.3. Anh hudng cua cac ^ hpp phan bon den cic ydu tdca'u thinh nang sudt vi ning suit
- Anh huong cua cac td hop phin bon den kfch thudc qua
Kit qua thi nghifim cho thdy: Ca chieu ddi ciang nhu dudng kmh qua deu tang ty lfi thuin vdi cic muc phan bon.
Chilu ddi qua nii 3 dao dong 18,6 - 1 9 ^ cm d cic cdng thuc Pj, P4, P5 va cao hon ddi chung chdc chdn d muc dp tm ciy 95%. Cdng thdc Pj cd chilu ddi qui tuong duong vdi ddi chdng. Nil 6 ehieu ddi q u i biln
ddng 15,2-18,6 cm. Trong dd, cdng thuc P4 cd chilu dii qua cao hon ddi chung. Cic cdng thdc con I^ cd chilu ddi qua tuong duong vdi ddi chung a miic do tin cay 95%.
Kit qua thi nghifim thu^dugc cho t h ^ cic mdc bdn phin khdng lim thay ddi do ldn vl dudng kmh qua nai 3 va nii 6.
Kich thudc q u i cd xu hirdng ting dan v i dat cao nhat tai cdng thiic P4 qua nai 3 dat tdi chieu dii 19,2 cm, dudng kinh qui 4 cm vd q u i ndi 6 dat chilu dii 18,6 cm, dudng kinh q u i 3,8 cm.
Bing 3. Anh hudng Cdng thdc
p.
P2(D/C) P, P4 Ps CV(X) LSD.,,
ctia c ^ td hop phan bdn ddn dd ldn cua qui chudi Tiftu Hdng Chidu d ^ qua (cm)
Nai 3 17,0 17,2 18,6' 19,2' 18,8*
3,9 1,3
Nae
15,2 15,9 17,9"18,6' 17,7' 6,4 2,1
Nai6/nai3(%) 89,3 92,3 96,2 97,1 94,3 6,0 10,5
nudi dfy md Dudng ldnh qua (cm) Nai 3
3,5 3,6 3,8 4,0 3,9 6,3 0,4
Nai 6 3,2 3,3 3,7' 3,8' 3,7' 7,0 0,5
Nai6/nai3(«) 90,6 91,0 95,7 95,8 94,7 4,6 8,1 -Anhhudngcua tdhopphin bdn dennangsui't
Gidng nhu khdi lupng qua, khdi lupng budng v i ning sudt cQng cd xu hudng ting ty lfi thuin vdi muc
tang phan bdn. Tuy nhien su sai khdc khdng cd y nghia giua cic edng thdc thi nghi|m so vdi ddi ehung d dd tin cay 95%.
Bdng 4. Anh hudng ciia td hgp phSn bdn ddn nang su^t ciia gidng chudi Ti€u Hdng nudi c^y md CT
P,
?, 7, P<
P«
Luong phan bdn (g/cay) 180 N+45 P,O,;+360K2O 200 N+ 50 P,0,+ 400 K,0 (D/C)
220 N+ 55 P,O,+440 K,0 240 N+ 60 P,O,+480 K,0 260 N+ 65 P,O,+520 K,0
cvm
LSDoos
Khdi luong budng (kg) 17,3 18,6 21,2 21,6 20,9 12,0 4,5
Nang suat (kg/ha) 38.316,7 43.299,6 49.283,2 51.676,2' 47.718,1 13,6 11.835,7 3.1.4. Dinh gii hidu qua kmh tecua cic td hpp
phin bdn
Kit qui phin tich cho thdy trdng chudi d cic td hpp phan bdn khae nhau cho lai suat khic nhau, lii
Cdng thuc cd hifiu qua cao nhat Id P4 Id 196,397 trifiu ddng/ha (ting 51,320 trifiu dong/ha so vdi ddi chdng). Vupt qua muc bdn P4 lai thudn giam cdn 188,199 tilfiu ddng/ha (tang 43,132 trifiu ddng/ha so thudn biln ddng 113,840 -196,396 trifiu ddng/ha. vdi ddi chdng).
Bing CT
P, P, Pi P<
Ps
5. H i ^ q u i kinh td cua cac td hgp phai Lugng phan bdn (g/cay)
180 N+45 P,O,+360 K,0 200 N+ 50 P,0,+ 400 K,0 (D/C)
220 N+ 55 P,O,i+440 K,0 240N+60P,O,+480K,O 260N+65P,Os+520K.O
bdn cho gidng chudi Ti4u Hdng nudi ciy md (BJT-1.000 ddng) Tdng thu (A)
268.217 303.097 344.982 361.733 357.189
Chi phi (B) 154.377 158.030 161.683 165.337 168.990
Lgi nhuan (A-B) 113.840 145.067 183.299 196.396 188.199
Ch^nh l^ch so vdl DC -31.227 38.232 51.329 43.132
NdNG NGHliP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 10/2014
KHOA HOC CbNG N G H |
3.2. Nghifin ciiu anh hudng cua mdt so phuong thiic gift dm d i n kha ning smh trudng, phdt triln vd nang sudt cua giong chudi Tifiu Hdng
3.2.1. Anh huong cua mot sd phuang tinic giu am den thm gian sinh trudng
Bang 6. Anh hudng cua mdt sd phuong thiic giu am d i n thdi gian smh trudng cua gidng chudi Tifiu Hdng
nudi cay md
Kit qua dugic the hifin d bang 7.
Bang?. Anh hu&ng ciia mOt sd phuong tinic giti dm d i n su tang tiiidng v l chilu cao tiidn gia, duong kinh
CT
T,
%
T, T4
Phuang thiic gia am Khong tu gdc (ddi chung) Tu bang rom ra sau tr6ng Che phu mang PE khi trong Su dung hat GEl giu am liic Idii trdng
CV(%) LSD.„
Trong den trd budng (ngay)
205 202 201 189 4,3 17
Trd buong Thu hoach (ngay) 114 111
no
110 5,3 12
Tdng sd (ngay) 319 314 311 299' 3,1 19
CT T, T, T, T,
Phuang thiic giir Im Khong tu gdc (ddi chiing) Tu bang ram ra sau trdng
Che phii mang PE khi trdng
Sir dung hat GEl giu am gel !uc khi trdng
CV(%) LSD„
Chidu cao than gia (cm) 224,2 225,8 229,5 239,1 5,1 ns
Duong ldnh than
gia (cm) ! 18,5 18,7 18,9 20,6 4,4 1,7
¥
f
4' 1Tdng thdi gian sinh trudng giira cdc cdng thdc thi nghifim cho thay, tdng thdi gian sinh trudng cda cdng thuc T4 Id 299, ngay ngan hon cdng thdc ddi chung T, d muc dp tin cay 95%. Cae phuong thuc td gde bing rom ra vd ehe phd mang PE cd tong thdi gian sinh trudng la 311 - 319 ngay, tuong duong vdi ddi chdng.
3.2.2. Anh hudng cua mdt sd phuong thuc giu am den dac diem hinh thii
Chilu cao than gia giai doan ti-6 budng ed xu hudng tang td cdng thdc Ti d i n cdng thuc T4. Tuy nhien, su sai khdc giiia cac phuong thdc giir am khdng cd y nghia. Nhu vay, cac phuong thdc giu am khdc nhau khdng anh hudng d i n chilu cao than gia cda ehudi Tieu Hong.
Cdng tilde T4 cd dudng kinh than gia ldn nhat, ldn hon so vdi ddi chung (Ti)- Cac cdng thdc Ta, T3 cd dudng kinh than gia tuong duong ddi chung 6 muc dp tin cay 95%.
3.2.3. Anh hudng ciia mot sd phucmg thm: 0 am den cac yeu tdcau thinh ning suat vi nang suit
- Anh hudng cua mdt sd phuong thuc giu am den kfch thuoc qui
Bang 8. Anh hudng cda mdt s6 phuang thiic giu am d i n kich thudc qua chudi Tifiu Hdng nudi cdy md Cdng thice
T, T, T, CY(%) LSD,,,
Chieu dai qua (cm) Nai 3
18,1 18,2 18,4 19,8 7,8 2,9
Nai 6 15,2 15,9 16,5 18,6"
7,6 2,5
Nai 6/nai 3 (%) 84,2 87,7 89,9 93,9 7,4 13,1
Dudng kinh qua (cm) Nai 3
3,7 3,7 3,6 4,0 7,6 0,7
Nai 6 3,2 3,3 3,2 3,8' 6,4 0,4
Nai 6/nai 3 (%) 86,6 89,3 91,0 95,8 5,2 9.4 Kit qua xu ly thdng kfi eho thay d cdc cdng thue
thi nghiem chilu dai qua nai 3 va dudng kinh nai 3 sai khac khdng y nghia so vdi ddi chung. Chieu dai qua, dudng kinh qua nai 6 cda cdng thdc 4 (giii am bdng gel) cao hon chdc chan so vdi cdng thuc ddi chdng (Tl) va T2 d muc dp hn cay 95%.
Ty le giira chilu dai qua va dudng kinh qua cda nai 6 vd ndi 3 cang ldn thi dp ddng deu vl chilu dai
qua, dudng kinh qua giiia nai 6 so vdi nai 3 cdng tot O cac cdng thuc, chilu dai qua dao ddng 84,2 - 93,9% va dudng kmh qua 86,6 - 95,8%. Ty 16 ndy cho thay dp dong d i u eua qua la kha cao gida cac cong thue, dp ddng d i u tang ddn tu cdng thdc Ti d^n edng thue T4
-Anh hudng cua mdt sd phmmg thdc gid am Aiti ning suat
52 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THA: jQ 10/2014
KHOA HOC CONG NOHl
Biog 9. Anh huAng dia mOt sd phitang tinic gift am d ^ ndng suilt chudi Hdu Hdng nudi c ^ md CT
T, Tn T,
T,
Phuong thirc giftim Khdng tii gdc
(ddi chiing) Tu bang rom
ra sau trdng Che phu mang
PEkhih-dng Sii dung h^t GEl giii am ldc khi trdng
CV(X) LSD,,,,
Khdi luong hudng (kg/budng)
17,9 18,7 19,2
20,7 9,6 3,7
Nang suat (kg/ha) 40.769,9 43.741,0 45.060,3
49.438,5 13,3 11.912,6 Bang 9 cho thdy: Khdi lupng budng cua edc edng thdc dao ddng 18,7 - 20,7 kg, tuong duong cdng thuc ddi chung (17,9 kg) d dd tin cay 95%.
Nang sudt chudi Tieu Hdng cua eae phuong thue gitr ^ dao dpng 43.741,0 - 49.438,5 kg/ha. Cac cdng thdc cd nang suat tuong duong vdi cdng thdc dli ehung Tl (40.769,9 kg/ha).
- Dinb gii hidu qua kmh tecua cic phuong thuc gmim
Bdng 10. Hi|u qud kinh t l cda cdc phirong thdc gift dm ddi vdi gidng chudi Tifiu Hdng nudi cdy md
DVT: 1.000 c Cdng
thiic T, ff)/C)
T, T, T.
Tdng thu (A) 285.390 306.187 315.422 346.070
Chl phi (B) 154.377 165.530 167.883 190.337
Loinhuan (A-B) 131.013 140.657 147.539 155.733
Chenh lech
9.644 16.526 24720
t h ^ , thai gian sinh trudng cua chudi cdng ngdn va ngugrc lai. O mat dp trdng t h ^ la M^, M5 so vdi mat dp trdng cao nhdt la cdng thuc Mj cd su sai khac ve thdi gian smh tnrong d muc dp tin cay 95%, giua cdc cdng thuc so vdi cdng thdc ddi chdng cd thdi gian sinh trudng tuong duong nhau d mdc dp tin eay 95%.
Bang 11. Anh hudng dia khoang cdeh, m ^ dO trdng din thai gian sinh tnidng cua gidng chudi Hfiu Hdng
nudi cdy md
Kit qua phan tich hieu qua kmh t l cho thdy:
Vific dp dung cae phirong thdc giii dm da ldm tang hi|u qua kinh tl, cao nhdt la sd dung phuong thde su dvng hgt giCr dm gel, tang 24,720 trifiu ddng/ha so vdi ddi chdng khdng dp dung phuong thiie giir am.
3.3. Nghifin cuu dnh hirong cua khodng cdeh, m$t dd trdng din sinh trudng, phdt triln vd nang sudt cua gilng chudi Tifiu Hdng nudi cay md
3.3.1. Anh hudng cua khoang cich, mat dp tidng ddn thdi gian sinb trudng
Kit qua phdn tich cho tiiay, mat dp tidng cdng CT
M,
M,
M,
M,
Ms
Khoang each, mat dd trdng
1,8 X 1,8 m (3.086 cay/ha)
1,8 X 2,0 m (2.778 cay/ha) 2,0 X 2,0 m (2.500
cay/ha) (d/c) 2,0 x 2 , 2 m (2.273 cay/ha)
2.2 x 2 , 2 m (2.066 cay/ha)
CV(i&
LSD („, Trdng •
Trd buong (ngay) 214
206
204
198
197 4,3 16
Trd buong -Thu hoach (ngay) 113
112
112
110
110 5.2 ns
Tong sd (ngay)
328
318
316
309'
307' 31 19 3.3.2. Anh hudng cua khoing cich, mit dd tidng den die diSm hinh thii
Bang 12. Anh hudng cda khodng edeh, m^kt dd trdng din chilu eao v^ dudng kinh than gid cda gilng
ehudi Tifiu Hdng nudi cdy md CT
M, M,
M J
M, Ms
Khoang each, mat do trdng 1,8 X 1,8 m (3.086
cay/ha) 1,8 X 2,0 m (2.778
cay/ha) 2,0 X 2,0 m (2.500
cay/ha) (d/c) 2,0 X 2,2 m (2.273
cay/ha) 2,2 X 2,2 m (2.066
cay/ha) CV(9i) LSD„
Chi4u cao than gia
(cm) 238,2
233,5
224,1'
221,8'
215.6' 1.7 7.1
Duong kinh than gia (cm)
17,6
17,8
18,5
19,1'
19,2' 4,0 1.1 Cong thiic trdng M, (1,8 x 1,8 m), M, (1,8 x 2,0 m) cd chidu cao than gia cao hon so voi cong thiic ddi chirng. Cong thuc M. (2.2 x 2,2 m) co chieu cao cay thap nhat, th^p hon so vol ddi chiing d mdc dp tin cay 95%.
N 6 N G NGHIfP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 10/2014 53
KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHi
Dudng kinh than gid b cac mat do trong khac nhau cd xu hudng ngupc lai vdi chieu cao tiian gia.
Khi mat dd trdng thdp, dudng kinh than gia cang ldn vd ngupc lai. Dirdng kinh than gia nhd nhat la 17,6 cm tuong irng vdi cdng thuc Mj va cao nhat la 19,2 cm tuong dng vdi m|tt dd trong t h ^ nhdt M5. Cac cdng thuc M4 M5 cd dudng kinh than gia cao hon so vdi cdng thuc Mj va tuong duong so vdi ddi chung d mdc dp tin cay 95%.
Thi nghifim cho thdy mat dp trdng cao lam tSng chilu cao cay, trdng thua ldm tang dudng kmh than cua chudi Tifiu Hdng.
3.3.3. Anh hudng cua khoang each, mat dp tiong ddn cic yd'u tdcdu thanh nang sudt va nang suat j
Anh hudng cua Idioang each, mat dd tiong ddn'
kfch thudc qui '•
Bang 13. Anh huong c i a m4t dd trdng ddn kich thtroc qua gidng chudi Tidu Hdng nudi ciy md C6ng thdc
M, M2 Msro/ci
M, Ms CV(X) LSD,m
Cliieu dai qua (cm) Nai 3
16,6 17,1 17,3 17,4 17,5 3,3 1,1
Nai 6 14,8 15,4 16,0"
16,2*
16,7"
3,3 1,0
Nai 6/nai 3 (%) 89,4 89,7 92,4 93,4 95,5 3,7 6,4
Dudng kinh qua (cm) Nai 3
3,3 3,5 3,6 3,7 3,8 8,7 0,6
Nai 6 2,9 3,2 3,3 3,5 3,6*
9,3 0,6
Nai 6/nai 3 («) 87,2 91,4 91,7 93,1 93,8 4,3 8,4 Kit qua thi nghiem cho thdy ca chi tifiu chilu ddi
qua cung nhu dudng kmh qua deu cd xu hudng tang ty lfi thuan vdi mat dp trdng thdp. Mat dp trdng cang cao, qua cang nhd vd nguoc lai.
Kich thudc qua nai 6/nai 3 tang khi mat dp trdng giam, tuy nhifin su sai khac nay khdng cd y nghia giiia cdc cdng thuc giiia mat dd khac nhau.
Anh hudng ciia khoang cich, mat dp tiong den nang suat qui
Bdng 14. Anh hudng cda mat dp trdng din nang suat qua gidng chudi Tifiu Hdng nudi cay md
Mg khdi lupng budng dat 20,4 kg/budng. Cac eong tilde M2. M4, Ms cd khdi lugmg hudng tirong duong so vdi doi chdng; cdng thuc M^ cd khdi lupng hudng thdp nhdt thdp hon ddi chung d mdc dp tin cay 95%.
Kit qua thi nghiem cung cho thdy, nang sudt co xu hudng tang ty lfi thuan vdi mat dp trdng thap.
Nang suat dat thap nhdt la 35.881,2 k g / h a tuang dng vdl mat dd trdng cong thuc Mi, thap hon ddi chdng (43.688 kg/ha). Q cdng thuc M2, M4 vd M5, nang suat dao ddng 40.166,8 - 42.428,0 kg/ha, tiiong duang so vdi ddi chung d muc dp tin cay 95%.
Mat dp trdng trung bmh 2.500 cay/ha (2,0 x 2,0 m) vua dat nang suat eao nhdt, nhung khdng thua kem dang k l v l ty lfi qua dat tifiu chuan xudt khau so vdi cdc mat dp trdng thua hon.
3.3.4. Dinh gia hidu qua Idnh tScda cac khoang cich, mitdd tiong
Kit qua thu duoc d bang 15 cho thdy ede mat dO trdng cao vd trdng thdp han so vdi ddi chting diu ai hifiu qua kmh t l thdp hon so vdi ddi chung. Ddi voi mat dp trdng cao chi phi mua gidng cao va nang su^t lai dat thdp, chfinh lech so vdi ddi chiing d Mi Id - 67,662 trifiu ddng/ha. Trong khi dd d mat dp tidng thdp thi chi phi mua gidng gidm, khi lupng budng tang nhung nang sudt dat thdp so vdi ddi chdng Id do chua tan dung dupc triet d l dien tich trdng. Vi vay, mat dO trdng d edng thdc M3 la 2.500 cay (2,0 x 2,0 m) dupc xem la mat dp thich hpp nhdt, cho hieu qua kinh t l cao.
N O N G NGHIEP V A PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 10/2014 CT
M, M, M, M.
M,
Khoang each, mat do trong 1,8 X 1,8 m (3.086
cay/ha) 1,8 X 2,0 m (2.778
cay/ha) 2,0 X 2,0 m (2.500
cay/ha) (d/c) 2,0 X 2,2 m (2.273
cay/ha) 2,2 X 2,2 m (2.066
cay/ha)
cva)
LSD,.„
Khdi luong budng Gig) 13,4 16,4"
18,7' 19,2' 20,4' 7,4 2,5
Nang suat (kg/ha) 35.881,2 42.428,0 43.688,0 40.627,4 40.166,8 8,7 6.630,8 Khdi lupng budng cd xu hudng tang ty le thuan vdi mat dd tidng. O nhung mat dp trdng cao nhu edng thdc Mj khdi lupng buong chi dat 13,4 kg/budng. Trong khi do, d mat dd trdng thap nhat 54
KHOA HOC CdHG NGHt
Bang 15. H i ^ qua kinh t^ d i a cdc m ^ dd trdng chudi Tigu Hdng nuoi dy ni6 DVT: 1.000 ddng CT
Ml MJ M, M, Ms
Khoang each, mat dp trdng 1,8 X 1,8 m (3.086 cay/ha) 1,8 X 2,0 m (2.778 c4y/ha) 2,0 X 2,0 m (2.500 cay/ha) (d/c)
2,0 X 2,2 m (2.273 c4y/ha) 2,2 X 2,2 m (2.066 cay/ha)
Tdng thu (A) 251.168 296.9%
305.816 284.391 281.168
Chi phi (B) 175.577 168.941 162.563 157.345 152.299
Loi nhuan (A-B) 75.591 128.055 143.253 127.046 128.869
ChSnhlSch -67.662 -15.188
-
-16.207 -14.384 4.K£TLJlilN
Cf cdng tilde phan bdn 240 N + 60 P2O5 + 480 1^0 g/cay, cay chudi Tieu Hdng sinh trudng, phat tiiln tit. Tlidi gian sinh trudng la 300 ngay, khdi lupng qua d^t 144,9 gam/qua, dp ddng deu cua qua cao, khli lupng budng dat 21,6 kg/budng vd nang suat dat 51,7 kg/ha vd hifiu qua kinh t l so vdi ddi chdng Id 51,330 tiifiu ddng/ha.
Phuang thuc sd dung hat giu am gel rdt ngdn thdi gian sinh trudng xudng edn 299 ngay, khdi lupng qua dat 143,7 gam/qua, khoi luong budng dat 20,7 kg/budng, dd dong diu qua dat cao. Nang sudt dat 49,9 tdn/ha, hieu qua kinh t l tang so vdi ddi chdng khdng dp dung cdc phuang thdc giu dm la 24,721 hilu ddng/ha va cao hon 2 phuong tiide edn lai.
d mat dp trdng 2.500 cay/ha, cay chudi Tifiu Hdng nudi cdy md cd thdi gian sinh trudng 316 ngay, khdi lupng budng dat 18,7 kg/budng, dp ddng deu cao, nang sudt dat eao nhat (47,7 tdn/ha). Loi nhuan thu dupc la 143,250 tiifiu ddng/ha.
Nhu vay, cdng thdc phan bdn tiiich hop nhdt eho
chudi Tieu Hong trdng bdng eay nudi cay md tai Yen Bdi la 240 N + 60 P2O5 + 480 KjO kg/ha; mat dp ti-dng thich hpp Id 2.500 eay/ha (2,0 x 2,0 m) va giu dm bang hat gel la thieh hpp nhdt
TJUUEUTIUMKIUO
1. Trinh Thi Nhdt Chung va cs (2010). Kdt qui nghien cuu ung dung quy trinh cdng nghe nhin gidng chudi bing nudi cay md dd nhan nhanh cic gidng chudi tidu dat tieu chuan xuit khau mdi dupc tuyen chpn. Bdo edo khoa hpc. Vifin Nghien cdu Rau qua, Ha Ndi.
2. Tran Van Minh, Nguyfin Van Uyen (1993).
"Cdng nghfi sinh hpc - Nhiing budc tiln mdi vl cdi thien gidng chudi". Tap chi Khoa bpc vi cdng ngh$
(32), 4/1993. ti.35-37.
3. Nguyfin Van Nghifim (2008). Hifin tiang va giai phap khoa hpc cdng nghe chd yeu phat tnln sdn xuat chuoi d Vifit Nam. Hdi thao khoa hpc Chuong trinh KC. 06/0&10 vdi sin xuat san pham ndng nghidp xuat khau. Ha Ndi, thang 12/2008, ti-. 139-146.
4. Tong cue Thdng kfi (2013). SdU$u thdng ke cua Bd Ndng nghiep vi Phat trien Ndng thdn.
STUDY ON INFLUENCE OF SOME TECHNICAL METHODS ON THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF TTEU HONG BANANA VARIETY (IN VTTRO) IN TliAN YEN DISTRICT, YEN BAI PROVINCE
Tran Trung Kien, Tran Van Dien, Duong Trung Dung, Le Xuan Thanh Summary
Studied technical methods had some correlation with the growdi, development, yield and yield factors of Tieu Hong in vitio banana vanety. The research results showed tiiat the best fertilizer combination for Tieu Hong banana vanety was 240 N + 60 PjOj + 480 K2O g/plant; best plant density was 2,500 plant/ha (2.0 x 2.0 m) and best metiiod for retainmg humidity was using gel seeds. At this fertilizer combination, Tieu Hong banana plants had the highest yield of 51.7 ton/ha and net profit (compared to die conUoJ) was 51.33 million VND/ha. Using gel seeds to retaining humidity gave die highest yield of 49.44 ton/ha. net interest increased 24.721 million VND/ha (compared to die control). The density plant of 2.500 plant/ha (2.0 x 2.0 m) had the highest yield of 43.7 tan/ha and net profit of 143.25 million VND/ha.
Keywords: Bananaplant. fertilizer, humidity retaining, plant density, m viUv.
Ngudi phdn bifin: TS. Cao Anh Long Ngdy nh$n bdi: 6/8/2014 Ngdy thdng qua phan bi|n: 9/8/2014 Ngdy duyit dSng: 10/9/2014
