^DA DAIMG SIIXIH HOC OJXIG IXIOI APtS CERA/HA [ H y m e n o p t e r a : A p i d a e ) T A I T H A I IMGUYEIV
Phiing Diic HoanS Nguydn Duy HoanS Phiing Hfiu Chmh' Nguydn Chi Mai^ Phan Mmh Tudn^ Nguydn Tudng VSn^
T6MTAT
Theo cac ket qua nghien ciiu da cdng bd, ong mat a Viet Nam co toi 6 loai, frong dd cd 5 pban loai ban dia va 1 loai nhap ngoai, trong 6 loai nay thi chi co 2 loai duoc nuoi va thuan hoa theo hudng cong nghidp. Cac tac gia Pham Hong Thai (2008), Radloff etal. (2010) cho rang ong npi ciia Vidt Nam co 2 pban Ioai Apis cerana indica Fabricius 1798 va Apis cerana cerana F. 1793, chiing rat da dang ca ve di truydn va hinh thai.
D^ tim hilu su da dang sinh hoc oia ong noi tai Thai Nguyen phuc vu cho cac nghidn cuu khac, nhom tac gia da thu thap cac mkw ong thg tii 3 huyen D6ng Hy, Dai Tii va Phii Luong de phan tich di truyen frdn co sd so sanh vdi cac mdu chuan Apis cerana indica. Apis cerana cerana va Apis dorata vdi 12 chi tieu theo doi hinh thai, dong thdi phan tich fren doan gien COI dua vao so sanh tuong dong voi cac trinh tu co sin tren Gien Bank. Ket qua phan tich hinh thai cho thay cac nhom ong tai Thai Nguyen ciing nhanh vdi m4u chuan Apis cerana indica va khac biet vdi mSu chuan Apis cerana cerana Ve mat di truyen till cac trinh tu gien COI oia cac miu ong d TTiai NguySn co mirc do tuong dong vdi trinh tu ADN cua ong Apis cerana indica la 99,60 - 99,80%. Nhu vay qudn the ong npi tai Thai Nguydn thupc phan loai Apis cerana indica Tukh6a: OngnoiApiscerana, dac diem hinh thai, di truyen pban td, trinh tu ADN, gien COI, ThaiNguydn.
1. BAT VAN BE
Viet Nam cd 5 Ioai ong mat ban dia: ong da {Apis laboriosd), ong khoai {Apis dorsatd), ong npi {Apis cerana), ong rudi do {Apis Uored) va ong mdi den {Apis andreniformiS). Trong do, chi co loai ong Apis cerana la cd the thuan hda, nuoi va khai thae san pham dugc vi chung Iam td frong tdi. Bdn loai ong khac la cac loai da sinh, lam td ngoai sang, ndn khong the thudn hda va nudi dugc. Ong ngi ddng vai frd quan frong ve kmh te, xa hpi va mdi trudng. Hien nay ca nudc ta cd khoang hon 300 nghin dan ong ndi dang dugc nudi va khai thae mat vdi hang nghin du an phat tnen ong ndi, da tao vide lam va tang thu nhdp cho ngudi ngheo b cac tinh mien nui va tmng du (Phiing Htru Chinh, 2012).
Ve phan logi, ong npi d nudc ta c6 2 phan Ioai, Apis cerana mdica Fabricius 1798 va A c. cerana F.
1793 (Pham Hdng Thai. 2008; Radloff etal., 2005; Ld Quang Tnmg et al., 2010). Phan Ioai A c. cerana cd virng phan bd hep d mpt sd tinh Ddng Bdc; cdn ong A. c. mdica c6 d khdp nudc ta (Pham Hong Thai 2008; Radloff et al, 2010). Theo Pham Hdng Thai
Trung tam Hpc lieu- DH Thai Nguyen
" Cong ty Ong mat mien Nui
^ Trung tam Phat trien Cong nghe Cao
•* Vien Cong nghe Sinh hpc
(2008), d Ddng Van (Ha Giang) chi cd phan Ioai ong A c. cerana, b mgt sd vimg khac nhu Cao Bang, Quang Nmh, Thai Nguydn cd ca 2 phan loai. Ong A c. cerana cd the dan ldn, nang suat mdt cao nhung lai mdn cam vdi cac loai bdnh au triing. Trong khi ong A c. indica Iai cd the dan nhd hon, nang suat mM thap han, nhung lai cd kha ndng chdng chiu vdi bdnh thdi au trimg va benh au triing tiii tdt ban (Pham Hdng Thai, 2008).
O Thai Nguyen cd the cd 2 phan Ioai ong Apis cerana dang dupc nudi va khai thdc. Do vay vide xac dinh chinh xac mirc do phan loai ong Apis cerana co vai frd quan frpng dd chon tao gidng va dp dung ky thuat nudi phii hgp va hidu qua. Xac dinh d mtic phan loai dua fren dac diem hmh thai da dugc nhidu tk gia frdn the gidi nghien ciiu (Ruttner, 1988; Hepburn etal, 2001; Radloff etal, 2010). Bdn cgnh dd cung co rat nhieu cong trinh nghien cthi da iing dung ADN ^ the nghien ciiu miic dp di tmyen frdn cac Ioai ong noi, dac biet la sii dung doan gien COI de danh gia (Pham Hdng Thai, 2008; Hepburn etal., 2001; Sniitt er^.,2000).
Muc dich cita nghidn ctiu nay la frdn c a sd dinh gia mifc do da dang hinh thai va di hniydn (AND ty the - COD de xac dinh mirc phan loai ctia qudn th^
ong npi Apis cerana tgi Thai Nguydn.
74 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 8/2014
KHOA HQC CdNG NGHt
2.MnfilliBVJkl1MMnUP 2.L Nguyen Bgu
Cdc mdu ong thg dugc thu vag thdng 5 ndm 2012 tii 11 < ^ ong Apis cerana a 3 huydn Dai Tir, Ddng Hy vd Fhii Luong ctia tinh Thai Nguydn. Cac mdu nghidn Clhl cimg vdi 03 mdu chuan: A c. cerana, 01 mau ong A c mdica vd 01 mdu chuan Apis donsata dirge phdn tich 12 chi tidu hmh tiiai (Rutiner, 1988). Cdc chi tidu hinh thdi bao gdm: Chieu ddi vdi hiit, chidu ddi, chidu
Bdng 1: Dia £ d m vd sd lugng mdu ong thg tfau trdn ddn ong .^is cerana vd A dorsata dd phdn tich hinh tiidi vd ADN ty tiid
rdng cdnh tnrdc. chi sd Cubital a/b, chidu dai. chidu rgng ddt ban, chidu ddi. chidu rdng tdm hmg 3. chidu dgc, chidu ngang t ^ bung 3 va chidu dgc, chidu ngang ciia guong s£^.
Cdc mdu trdn cting dugc phdn tich di truydn trdn dogn 1010 hp d i a gien ty tiid (COI). Cac binh tir so sdnh tuong ddng trdn GCTieBank nhu Id ong A c cerana b Trung Qudc (GQ1^109) va A c. indica b Thai Lan (AF153106).
Dia d i ^ thu mau I Kyhieumlu | N L'Mlu ong ngi Apis cerana frThai Nguyen
LHuy^nDaiTir D^iTvtl DaiTir4 Dai Tir 5 2.Huy$nD6ngHy
D 6 n g H ^ l D4ngHy2 D6ngHy3 DAnEHy4 DdngHyS D 6 n g H J 6 3. Huy^n Piiii Luang
PhijLuongS Phu Luong 6
Daitul Daitu4 DaituS Donghyl Donghy2 DonghyS Donghy4 DonghyS Donghy6 Phuluong3 Phuluong6
3
6
2
n. MSu ong nOi A c. cerana (Ace) va A c. hidica (Aci) lam doi chting duong*
1. M5u chu&i Apis cerana cerana Mlu 1 Mau 2 Mau3
AccDongvanl AccDongvan2 AccDongvan3 2. MSu chuan Apis cerana hidica
Mlu 1 3. Tirung Qu6c
Trinh tu gien ong Apis cerana cerana tren GeneBank 4 . T U L a n
Trinh tu gien ong Apis derana indica tren GeneBank
AciBansen AccGQ162109
AciAF153106
3
1 1 1
in. Mlu ong khoai A dorsata lam nh6m ngoai I. Huyen MOc Chau (Son La)
Ad yitK Chau AdMocchau
1
2.2. Phin tich da hinh cic cbi tidu hinh thil cua ongthpr
Miic dg da dgng hinh thdi ciia quan thd ong A cerana b Thdi Nguydn dugc phdn tich bdng phdn mdm NTSYS2.10 (AppUed Biostatistics hic). Hg sd
DICE {S^ dugc su dung dd tinh gia tii tuong ddng vd cdc chi tidu hinh thai va gia tri ^dd xem xdt khodng cdch giiia cdc nhdm va cac quan thd. Vdi d" \- S^
frong dd, Sfibidn tiiidn tii 0 ddn 1. Nhu vdy, khi 5^
giua hai nhdm hode quan thd ong Id 0 thi khodng cdch di truydn giiia chung Id Idn nhdt {d= 1).
NdNG NGHISP V A PHAT TRIIN NdNG THdN - KY 1 - THANG 8/2014 75
2.3. Phan tich da binh trinh tu gien COI cua ADN ty thd
Tich ADN. Mdu ong thg dugc logi bd cdn theo phuang phap ctia Gamery etal. (1993). ADN tdng sd dugc tach tii phan ca nguc ciia ong thg sti dung kit tach ADN ctia hdng Fermentas GDtic).
Nhin bin bing PCR- Doan dich frdn gien COI cd chieu dai 1040 bp dugc nhan ban bdng kit PCR cua hang Fermentas (Biic) gitia ADN tdng sd tach tir ong thg va cap mdi FTr_Acd: 5'-TTCC TAATTGGAGGTTTTGGAAATTG-3' va RTr_Acd: 5'- ATAAATATTATAATA AATTGAATrnTA-3') dugc thiet ke chung cho ca 2 lodi ong Apis cerana va A dorsata (Ld Quang Tnmg et al., 2010). Chu trinh PCR gdm 1 chu kjr bien tinh ban ddu 96''C frong 5 phut, tiep tiic 30 chu ky: 95°C - 0,5 phtit, SSX - 1 phut, 72''C - 1,5 phut; ket thuc chu ky cudi d 72''C frong 10 phiit. San pham PCR dugc chay frdn thach agaroza 1%, nhudm bdng Ethiditun Bromide, quan sat bang tia UV va so sanh kich thudc vdi thang ADN chuan (Invifrogien^™, GieneRuler).
Giii trinh tu ADN: San pham PCR dugc tinh sach bdng PureLinkA Quick Gel Exfraction & PCR Purification Combo Kit (InvifrogenA) va dtrge giii sang Cdng ty Macrogen {Korea) de giai trinh tu nucleotit 2 chieu.
Phin ti'ch trinh tuADN: Chimg logi va da dgng di truydn cua 11 mdu ong ndi Apis cerana b Thai Nguydn dugc phan tich dua vao da hinh vd trinh tu gien COI cua chting va ddi chieu, so sanh vdi cac mdu A. c. cerana va A c. indica la ddi chting duang.
Phan tich chimg loai theo phuong phap Neighbor Joining (Kimura, 1980) fren phan mem MegaS.l (Kumar et al., 2004). Phan tich da dang di truyen theo phuong phap cua Nei (1973) fren phdn mem DNASp 4.10.9 (Rozars etal., 2003). So sanh tirong ddng thuc hidn onUne fren GeneBank.
S.KFTQUANGHniCUU
3.1. Phdn tieh da hmh ciia cdc chi tidu hinh thdi Ket qua phan tich 12 chi tidu hinh thai cua ong thg cho thay 11 mdu ong ndi d Thai Nguydn, 3 mdu ddi chiing ong A cerana cerana 01 mdu ddi chiing A cerana mdica va 01 mdu A dorsata phan thanh 2 nhanh Idn rieng biet frdn dd thi hinh cay (Hinh IB).
Dai dien A dorsata la nhdm ngoai, cd khoang each di truydn tach biet so vdi ong A. cerana {Sb = 0,05; d = 0,95). Cdc mdu ong noi b Thai Nguydn cimg ndm
frong nhdm ldn vdi mdu chudn ong A c. mdica va ^ khoang each phdn bidt tin cay (rf=0,6) so vdi mlu chuan A c. cerana. Nhu vay, ve phdn tich hmh thai ong ndi d Thai Nguydn thugc phdn loai ong A c indica vd cd su da dgng hinh thdi cao (11 mdu ong frong nhdm A c. indica chia ldm 3 nhdnh vdi dao ddng ve khoang each di tiiiydn Sb =0,6 - 0,93; r/=
0,07-0,4).
PhulucnjiJi
A c.
mdica
ActDcndnfil*
ACCGQI6IID9 5j|pto[toiii]ifll2'
4/1—AccDongnnS AUtaxTBul A. dorsata
Wu5l Don^i^l AdBoisai
Dahrf DongliyJ
h
A c c D o i ^ ' AccOoflgwn!- AccOongtenI
1*—r
m m D.si Dii us
A) Da dang di truySn dim trdn phin tich trinh ta cua doan gien COI; B) Da dang hinh thii Hinh 1: Kdt qua phdn tich da dang sinh hge ciia q u ^
thd ong ngi ciia Thdi Nguydn.
3.2. Phdn tich da dgng di truydn cba qudn tb^
ong ngi Thdi Nguydn frdn trinh tu ctia doan gien COI Dogn ADN dieh frdn gien COI ctia tdt ca 11 mlu ong thg A cerana b Thai Nguydn, 4 mdu ddi chting duong va 1 mdu ong thg A dorsata da dugc nhan ban bdng PCR va giai trinh tu thanh cdng vdi kich thudc sir dung de phan tich la 1010 bp . Cung nhu kft qua phan tich hmh thai (Hmh IB), da hmh trinh ti;
ADN frdn dogn COI cung chi ra rdng 11 dan ong ngi d Thai Nguyen frong nghidn ciiu nay thudc phdn lo^
A c. hidica vdi khoang each di truydn tin cdy (gid tri bootsfrap 68 - 73%) so vdi nhdm ddn thugc phan loai A c. cerana (Hmh IA). Trdn cay chimg loai d hinh IA, cac dan ong ngi d Thai Nguydn eimg nhdm v6i cac dan ong ddi chting duong thudc phdn loai A c.
indica (AciBansen) va oThai Lan (AciAF153106).
Ket qua phan tich d hinh IA ve chiing loai cdc dan ong A c. indica b Thai Nguydn dugc the hidn bdng cac dot bien didm ddc tnmg fren doan gien COI 76 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NdNG THON - KY 1 - THANG 8/2014
KHOA HQC CdNG NGHt
cua chiing. Doan 1010 bp trdn gien COI ctia ong thg<y cdc ddn ong ciia 2 phdn lodi cd 22 didm ddt bidn khde nhau (Hinh 2). Trong dd, vi tii 81 vd 486 Id 2 didm dgt bidn ddc trung nhu cdc chi tiii de phan bidt 2 phdn lodL Hai vi tri nay dgc dogn 1010 bp ti^n gien COI cua phdn lodi A c. cerana Id nucleotit A vd C, cdn A Cl it7(&:a Igi Id G va T.
frmh til ADN tgi vi tii 246, 397 vd 581, 887 Id GT...TT. trong khi nucleotit tgi 4 vi tri n ^ ciia haplotype2 CIN2) laildAC....CC....
123444 4555678999 90 3786959268 927804845B 90 0514Z57«Zfi 56312171B9 68 ACGTTATTTT ATTTTftTCTT AA
Vi trf dot bien diim trSn doan COI 1010bp
M Donghy2 Donghy6 DonghyS Donghy4 Phuluong6 DonghyS PhuluongS Daitul Donghyl DaituS
1 234SS8990 8692788890 4474317978 TGTTTTTTCA .AC. .CC...
.A.GC .A. . .A. . AA. .
.A. . .A. . .A. . .A. . .A. .
...GA.
....A.
....A.
....A.
....AT
Vi tri dgt bien diem doan COI lOlObp
TN2 TN3 TN4 TNS TN6 TN7
TN8 M
Daitu4
I>onghy2 ( Donghy6
Aci_Bansen Donghy3 Donghy4 Aci_An53106 -T. .C..
Phuluong6 . . . A . . DonghyS Phuluong3 Donghyl
Acc_Dongvanl ..A..G.,CC i Acc_GQ162109 ..A C .C U ^ « « « Acc_DongvanZ T.A C C. . . * * • < = - " " " ^ ftcc_Dongvan3 ..A C CG.T.. . . I
1} 2)
1) vi 2) dc didm dot bidn dac trung depbin biet 2pbin hii. A, C,T, G: dc nucleotit Cic didm "...":
cic nucleotit gidng vdi trinh t^rmiu "M"
Hinh 2: Cdc dgt bidn didm dgc tiinh tv dogn 1010 bp trdn gien COI dia 2 phdn lodi A a indica
vk Ac. cerana.
Kdt qua phdn tich muc tuang ddng vd trinh tu ADN ciia dogn gien dich 1010 bp frdn gien COI ctia ong tiig ong ngi mgt ldn nua cho thay cdc dan ong d Thdi Nguydn frong nghidn cthi ndy thugc phdn lodi A c. mdica. Khi so sdnh dogn gien dich ciia cdc dan ong ndy vdi cdc mdu chudn A c. mdica (AciBansen) va d Thdi Lan (AciAF153106) muc tirong ddng Idn tdi 99,6 - 99,896 vd khoang cdch ch truydn giiia chting chi cd 0,002 - 0,004. Trgng khi so sdnh vdi trinh tir ADN cimg dogn aia cdc mdu ong A c. cerana (AccDongvanl ddn AccDongvan3) va d Trung Qudc (AccGQ 162109), mtic tuong ddng giua chting chi cd 99,1 - 99,7% va khoSng cdch di tiiiydn giua chimg tdi 0,003 - 0,009.
Xdt vd da dgng di truydn dtra vao da hinh trinh tu dogn 1010 bp ctia gien COI, ong ngi d Tliai Nguydn c6 da dgng di huydn cao {Hd = 0,927). Vdi 11 dan ong thu thdp o 3 huygn cd tdi 8 h^Iotype Otidu don) khde nhau vd dugc thd hign b 10 didm ddt bidn ddc trung dd nhdn bidt (Hinh 3). Mdi haplotype dtrpc nhdn bidt bdng 1 - 4 didm dgt bidn dgc tiimg frdn dogn 1010 bp cua gien COI. Haplotype 1 fPNl) cd
NdNG NGHllP VA PHAT TRIEN. NdNG THdN - KY 1 - THANG 8/2014
Hinh 3: Tiinh tir nitggn diaShapki^pe (IN1-TN$) dia (Hlg ngiAcox&adang nudi vdldiai tilde dThdiNgiQ^dn.
Cdc ^ ^ "...": cdc nudeotit g i ^ vdi binh ti; mSu "M"
4.T1U0iil/lN
Vdi ong mat, phdn Ioai d miic lodi, ddc bigt d mtic dudi lodi chi dua vdo phdn tich da hinh ciia cdc chi tidu hinh thdi nhu chidu ddi vdl, kich thirdc cdnh, guong sap, chi sd cubital (xuang tru)... sd cd nhidu hgn chd do tinh da hinh ctia cdc chi tidu hinh thdi tiidp (Radloff et al., 2005; Tan et al., 2008). Trong nhiing ndm gdn ddy, ky thudt phdn tu dua vdo tinh da hinh ctia ADN ty thd (mtADN) da dugc ting dung rgng rai va higu qua dd khde phuc nhtmg hgn chd cua phuang phdp phdn tich hinh thdi. Do cdc ddc tinh ciia gien frdn mtADN thudng khdng cd qud trinh tdi td hgp vd mtic dg dgt bidn cao (Ward et al., 1994;
Smitii etal., 2000). Vi vdy, tii khi tiadn bg hg gien frdn mtADN cita Apis meUifera dugc giai trinh tu, phdn tich thanh phdn va xac dinh vi tri gien (Crozier vd Crozier, 1993), da cd nhidu nghidn ctiu dua vdo da hinh d cac vimg, cdc gien khac nhau nhu gien COI, c o i l frdn mtADN ciia ong thg ^^ xdc dinh chiing logi, ddnh gia khde bidt di truydn vd da dgng di truyen ctia ong mdt (Gamery etal., 1995; Kandemfr et al., 2006). Tuy nhidn, gien frdn mtADN chi di truyen theo ddng m? cdn da hinh vd hinh thdi ciia ong thg Iai dirge di truydn tir cd 2 ddng bd md. D$c bigt vdi ong mat, frong dd cd ong A cerana, qud trinh giao phdi xay ra g viing giao phdi ngodi ti; nhidn, mgt ong chiia thudng giao phdi vdi nhidu ong dgc cd ngudn gdc di truydn khac nhau frong vimg. Vi vdy.
77
mtADN cua ong thg d mdt dan chi phan ditii quan he di truyen theo ddng me nhung cac tinh trgng khac, frong dd cd da hinh vd hinh thai la su ket hop di truydn ciia ca bd va me. Trdn thuc te, vide iing dung mtADN dd nghidn ciiu quan he di truyen cua dgng vat ndi chung cd tinh uu viet han hdn so vdi chi tidu hinh thai. Tuy nhidn, ddi vdi cac quan the ong mat, de cd dp tin cay cao khi xac dinh chiing Ioai dudi loai, ngoai vide dua vao miic da hinh cua mtADN can phai ket hpp phan tich da hmh cua cac chi tieu hinh thai (Francoy etal., 2006; Rattanawannee etal., 2007).
Kdt qua phan tich hinh thai va da hmh trinh tu doan ADN 1010 bp frdn gien COI frong nghidn cuu nay ddi vdi 11 mdu ong noi b 3 huydn khac nhau cua tinh Thai nguydn cho thay cac dan ong nay thugc phan Ioai A c. indica. Cac dan ong nay ciing vdi mau chuan ong A. c. indica ca ve hinh thai va trinh tu ADN cua doan COL Ddng thdi cac dan ong nay cung gan gui vdi vdi ong A c. indica b Thai Lan khi phan tich dua vao da hinh trinh tu doan lOlObp frdn gien COI oia ong thg (hinh 1 va hmh 2). Kdt qua nghidn ctiu fren phu hgp vdi nhieu cdng bd fren the gidi va trong nudc. Theo Hepburn et all, (2001), ong A c.
indica phan bd hdu het cac tinh Vidt Nam, frong dd cd Thai Nguydn. Theo tac gia Pham Hdng Thai (2008) nudc ta cd 2 phan loai ong ngi A c. ceranava A c. indica. Trong khi ong A. c. indica phan bo hdu het d cac tinh tii mien niii den trung du va ddng bdng, ong A. a cerana chi phan bd b mot sd tinb mien mil phia Bac. Tuy nhien, frong nghidn cuu nay, khi phan tich ca da hinh ve hinh thai cimg nhu doan gien 1010 bp fren gien COI ctia 11 mdu ong ndi thu thap d 3 huyen khac nhau, chting toi chi xac dinh dupc chiing loai cua chiing thudc phan loai A c. indica.
4. KET LUAN
Cac nhdm ong tai Thai Nguyen cung nhanh voi mdu chuan Apis cerana indica va khac bidt vdi mdu chuan Apis cerana cerana. Ve mat di truyen thi cac trinh tu gien COI cua cac mdu ong b Thai Nguyen co miic dp tirong ddng vdi trinh tu ADN cua ong Apis cerana indica la 99,60 - 99,80%. Nhu vay qudn the ong ngi tai Thai Nguyen thupc phan loai Apis cerana indica. Ong noi dang nudi va khai thae d Dong Hy, Phii Luang va Dai Tu cua tinh Thai Nguyen thupc phan loai Apis cerana indicava cd da dgng di truyen cao.
TJU UBJ THAM KHAO
1. Phung Huu Chinh, 2012. Nudi ong ndi dia Apis cerana b Viet Nam. NXB Ndng nghiep.
2. Crozier R H., Crozier Y. C , 1993. Th Mitochondrial Genome of the Honeybee Apis meUifera: Complete Sequence and GenonA Organization. Genetics 133:97-117.
3. Francoy T. M., Prado P. R R , Goncalves, L S., Costa L. F., De Jong D., 2006. Morphometik differences m single wing cell can discrimmate Ajm melUfera racial types. Apidologie 37:91-97.
4. Gamery L , Solignac M., Celebrano G., Comuet J. M., 1993. A sunple test usmg restricted PCR-amphhed mito-chondrial DNA to study the genetic structure of Apis meUifera L. Experientia, 49:
1016-102L
5. Gamery L , Mosshme E. H., Oldroyd B. P., Comuet J.-M., 1995. Mitochondrial DNA variation is Moroccan and Spanish honey bee populations. Moi.
Ecol 4:465-^7L
6. Hepburn H. R., Smitii D. R , Radloff S. E., Otis G. W., 2001. Infraspecihc categories of Apis cerana:
morphometric, aUozymal and mtDNA diversity.
Apidologie 32:3-23.
7. Kandemfr I., Kence M., Sheppard W. S., Kence A , 2006. Mitochondrial DNA variation in honey bee (Apis melUfera L.) populations hom Turkey. Joumal of Apicultural Research. 45 (1): 33- 38.
8. Kunura M., 1980. A sunple model for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions. J.
Moi Evol 16:111-120.
9. Kumar S., Tamura K., Nei M., 2004. MEGA3:
Integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment. Briefings in Biomformatics 5:150-163.
10. Le Quang Tmng, Nguydn Due Lam, Dinh Thi Dan, Biii Phuang Thao, Nguydn Tudng VSn, 2010. Danh gia da dang di tmyen ong Apis cerana bao ton in-situ b Viet Nam dua vao phan tich hinh thai va binh hr gien COI frdn ADN ty the. Tgp chi Ndng nghiep va PTNT (17): 50-56.
11. Nei M., 1973. Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations (population stmcture/
genetic variability/ heterozygosity/ gene differentiation). Proc. NaL Acad. Sci. USA. 70: 3321- 3323.
12. Phgm Hong Thai, 2008. Nghidn cuu djc didm hinh thai, smh bgc phdn tii (ADN ty thd) ciia 78
NdNG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NdNG THdN - KY 1 - THANG 8/2014
KHOA HOC C 6 N « H O H C
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B I O D I V E R S n Y O F . 4 / ' / S C ^ i 4 / « CHVMENOFTERAAPIDAE) IN THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE Phung Duc Hoan, Nguyen Duy Hoan, Phung Huu Chinh Nguyen Chi Mai, Phan Minh Tuan, Nguyen IXiong Van
Summary
According to scientists, tiiere are six species of honeyliees in Vietnam (five native species, an invasive species), in the six species, only two species were breeding industrialization. Pliam Hong Thai (2008) and I^adloif et al. (2010) showed that: Vietnamese native species tiave two species they are Apis cerana indica Fabricius 1798 and Apis cerana cerana F. 1793. Ibis species are very diverse in both genetic and morphological. For understanding the biodiversity of domestic honeybees at Thai Nguyen to support for other studies, bee worlcer in Dong Hy, Dai Tu, Phu Luong districts were collected, compared with standard samples of Apis cerana indica. Apis cerana cerana and Apis doiata with 12 targets tracking of morphological and analysis based on COI gene fragments in comparison with homologous sequencesn available in the Gen Bank. Results of morphological analysis show tliat: Honeybees at Thai Nguyen are the same with Apis cerana hidica and different to Apis cerana cerana The COI gene sequences of the honeybee samples in Thai Nguyen are similarity of DNA sequences of Apis cerana indica with from 99.60 to 99.80%. TTius the native bee in Thai Nguyen belongs to Apis cerana indica.
ICeywotds: Apis cerana morpboiogical molecular genetics, DNA sequences, COI gene. Thai Nguyen province.
Ngudi phin bifn: TS. Pham HSng Thii Ngiy nhjn b i t 23/6/2014 Ngiy thang qua phin bifn: 24/7/2014 Ngiy duyft ding: 31/7/2014
