Nghien cdu An Dg vd Chau A. S6 7 - 2017
M Q T S O R A O C A N T R O N G Q U A N H f T H l T O N G M A I A N D O - A S E A N
Ngo Minh Buc
Vien Dja li nhdn van
Ngdynhdn bdi: 14/06/2017. ngdy phdn bi^n: 16/06/2017, ngay duyet ddng: 12/07/2017
li Age dii quan he kinh ti - thuang mgi song phuong cd nhiiu bude phdt triin -Z r X trong thdi gian qua. An Dg trd thdnh mgt trong nhirng ddi tdc thuong mgi quan trgng ddi vdi ASEAN vd vai trd ciia ASEAN trong hdnh dgng phia Ddng cua An Do ngdy edng duac cung cd, nhung di dua mdi quan hi ndy phdt triin ximg tam vdi mdi quan he ddi tdc chiin lugrc thi vdn tdn tgi nhieu rdo cdn vd thdch thuc khdng nhd. Bdi viit ndy di sdu phdn tich mgt sd rdo cdn ehinh trong quan h4 thuang mgi An Dg - ASEAN di cd thi khdi qudt mgt phdn buc tranh tong thi thuang mgi An Dg - ASEAN, tic do cd thi ldm tiin di ggri y nhimg gidi phdp cho VietNam.
Td khda: An Dd, ASEAN, rao can thuang mgi, quan he thuong mgi An DO - ASEAN
1. Md dau
Quan he thuong mgi song phuang gida An Dg - ASEAN mdc du dugc nang cao nhttng vSn chua tuong xung vdi tiem ndng ma hai ben dang c6. Kit ndi thuong mgi sdu rdng tdy thuge vdo mang ludi giao thdng nhu hf th6ng dudng sdt todn quoc, xay dyng cac tuyin giao thdng huyet mgch xuyen qu6c gia vd cdc cdng biln cho thuang mai hdng hdi; vd sy hoa hgp cua cdc ddc diem cdng nghf vd sue chda (phuong tifn, so lugng,...) vd cosd ha tdng
ducnone61 [email protected].
(dudng ray va dudng bd) cho phep boat ddng vdi cudng do ldn. Chi mgt ^ If nhd thucmg mai cda An Dg vdi ASEAN thdng qua Myanmar vd Thai Lan vd ede qu6c gia khde d khu vyc Dong Bde A liSn quan din kit ndi dudng bf. Nguyen nhan do co sd hg tdng giao thong chua ddp ung dugc nhu edu thugng mgi, mang ludi dudng cao toe, dudng bg cd chdt lugng kem khdng tao ra thugn Igi cho sy di chuy6n cda cac xe tai thuong mgi ldn. Vi dy, chi cd 15% t6ng chilu dai dudng bd d Myanmar dugc rdi nhya, cdc kit ndi dudng sdt hdu nhu khdng ton tgi. Ngodi ra,
Ngd Mmh Bde. Mdt sd rdo cdn trong quan he thuang mgi...
kit ndi dudng sdt hi han ehe bdi su khdng phu hgp vl dudng sdt, khi An Do su dung dudng ray dudng kinh Idn (1.676 mm) Thai Lan vd Myanmar su dung dudng ray dudng kinh hf met; ede cang bien can dugc hifn dai hda va trang thilt hi vdi cdc co sd hg tdng da hinh ben canh vifc ndng cao hieu qua. Su tiep gi£^ ve dia If la dieu kifn quan trgng eho hdi nhdp kinh te sau rfng hon. Tuy nhien, lgi ich cda su tiep giap dja li thudng hi mat di do cac ket ndi giao thdng yeu k^m. Khdng cd lien kit sS khdng thi cd hgp tdc khu vuc hieu qud. Su phdn manh ve ca sd ha tdng san cd trong khu vuc tgo ra cdc rdo cdn cho hgp tac haibSn.
2. M$t s6 rdo can trong quan hf thuotig mgi An D§ - ASEAN
2.1. Khung phdp ly vd chinh sdeh thuang mgi
Mac dd Hifp dinh Thuong mgi hang hoa ASEAN - An Do da cd hifu luc thi hanh nhung hong mdc dp thul nhdp khdu cda An Dd ddi vdi mgt sd sdn pham cd thi mgnh xuat khau cua mft s6 qudc gia nhu Vift Nam van cdn cao ho^c ndm trong danh muc logi trd (hang nong sdn: hgt tieu, hat dilu, ca ph6, ch6). Trong qua trinh dam phdn Hifp djnh, du cd nhugng bg nhdt dinh nhung An Do chi ddng y gidm thul xudng cdn 45% d6i vdi cd phe va che den, va 50%
ddi vdi hat tiSu vdo ndm 2018 do ddy la nhung sdn phdm nhgy cam vdi An Do nhung lai cd lgi ich xudt khdu ddi vdi Vift
Nam'. Theo WTO, muc thue trung binh eua An Do Id 34,9% eao han nhilu so vdi mdc tiiul trung binh dugc dp dyng Id 16,4%. Ddi vdi cdc mSit hdng ndng nghiep, mdc thul dp dyng hong WTO cda An Df thufc logi cao nhdt thi gidi. Dilu nay anh huong khdng nhd den lgi ich eua tung quIc gia rieng re ddn den vifc hinh thdnh cac hifp djnh thuang mgi ty do song phuong.
Ben canh dd, chd truong vd chfnh sdeh bdo hg nganh sdn xudt ndi dia eua An Df dang duge edng co va duy tri. Dae biet, Chfnh quyin Modi dd dua ra sdng kiln
"Make in India" (San xuat tgi An Do) nhdm thu hut cdc nha dau tu nude ngodi dl tdng budc dua An Dd hd thanh edng xudng sdn xudt cua the gidi. Chfnh quyin cac bang, edc phdng thuang mgi se tgo dilu kifn cho nhttng nhd ddu tu thdnh l$p cdng ty hodc lien doanh sdn xuat hdng hod tgi An Df phyc vy cho nhu cdu tieu dung trong nude vd xuat khdu. Chinh phu An D6 cam kit
"trdi thdm dd" mdi cdc cong ty nude ngoai vdi tmh than hgp tdc tich cue; dilu ehinh chinh sdeh, don gidn hda thd tuc dau tu.
Cye Chinh sdeh vd xuc tiln cdng nghiep (DIPP) da xdc djnh nhdm ITnh vyc dl tiln hanh don gidn hoa thu tuc vd cdi thifn mdi trudng kmh doanh, bao gdm lmh kifn d to, hdng khdng, edng nghf sinh hgc, hda ehdt, difn td, ehi bien thye phdm, edng nghf thdng tin, da, ddu md, khai thdc md, phat trien dudng bd, dudng cao tdc.
http://cis.org.vn/article/1067/phat-lrien-quan-he-kinh- te-thuong-mai-viet-nam-an-do-nhung-rao-can-va-trien- vong-phan-3.html
Nghien cdu An Dg va Chau A. So 7 - 2017 Vdi ddng thdi kidn quylt dd, chinh
quyin Modi quylt tdm dua An Do trd thdnh cdng xudng sdn xuat cda thi gidi hong tuang lai. Dieu ndy sg la co hgi cho cde qu6c gia ASEAN khi nhu edu nhdp khdu nguyen lifu va san phdm cda An Dg id rat ldn tuy nhiSn ddy cung Id hgn chi vdi nhttng ddi tdc cd sue cgnh hanh yiu hen thj trudng neu mudn xudt khau vao An Dd.
2.2. Hiiu qud logistic cda cdc qudc gia ASEAN
Chi sd nang lyc quoc gia vl Logistics (LPI) Id chi sd dugc dua ra bdi ngdn hang
the gidi nhdm ddnh gid sy phdt triin nganh logistics cda moi qu6c gia. Chi sd cd gidi han tu 1 d6n 5, chi so edng cao thi hifu qua logistic cang ldn. Bdng 1 cho thdy sy khdc bift gitta An Do vdi Singapore, Malaysia, Thdi Lan vd Vift Nam, ddc bift vdi cdc cudng qu6c nhu Due, Trung Qu6c. He th6ng hd hg logistic khdng phd hgp vd khdng hoan hdo d cd An Do va ASEAN se Id thdch thdc khdng nhd d6i vdi sy phat hien thuang mai song phuong.
B t o g l . C h i Qu6c gia
s6LPItoto LPI/xep
hang
c a u v ^ x i p h ^ g Hai quan tang
ciia c^c quoc gia ASEAN Giri
h^ng qu6c tl
Nang luc va chat lirong djch v^
logistics
pai doan 2010-2016 Theo doi don
hang Tinh diing gift Cac qnoc gia ASEAN
Brunei Cambodia Indonesia Lao Malaysia Myanmar Ptiilippines Singapore Thai Lan Vi6t Nam
2,87/(67) 2,72/(82) 2,99/(60) 2,24/(153) 3,48/(30) 2,38/(134) 2,94/(64) 4,1/(3) 3,29/(38) 3,03/(58)
2,78 2,56 2,7 2,1 3,23 2,25 2,72 4,11 3,11 2,75
2,75 2,38 2,7 1,98 3,48 2,22 2,6 4,22 3,2 2,8
3,0 2,91 2,9 2,33 3,52 2,25 3,12 3,89 3,32 3,15
2,57 2,59 3,0 2,21 3,39 2,27 2,84 4,06 3,16 2,91
2,91 2,76 3,13 2,02 3,49 2,47 2,98 4,02 3,28 3,0
3,19 3,08 3,5 2,73 3,76 2,84 3,3 4,35 3,69 3,51 Mot so quoc gia kliac ngo^i ASEAN
An DO Trung Quoc Diic
3,26/(42) 3,6/(26) 4,17/(1)
2,97 3,27 4,07
3,12 3,7 4,38
3,25 3,59 3,79
3,24 3,55 4,2
3,33 3,6 4,21
3,65 3,88 4,41 Ngu6n: Connecting to Compete 2016: Trade Logistics in the Global Economy, The Logistics Performance Index & its Indicators, The World Bank, tr.51, https://wb-lpi- media.s3.ama2onaws.ccni/LPI_Report_2016.pdf
r^ui - 1, _ u ' ,.- J u il^ng- Cac chi phi v4 th6i gian rat quan Khd nang canh tranh cap di? doanh ^ ^ ^ ^'^
, . - .1 i. I. X ^- i-'t. 1 __ ' trong, c ^ nhd xuat nhap khau lien quan den nghifp Id rat nhsiy cdm vm chat lir(;mg cua ^ *' -^
m6i tmdng logistic ma doanh nghiSp hoat
khd ndng tong the cila chuai cung ling. Cac
Ngd Minh Ddc. Mdt sd rdo cdn trong quan hi thuang mgi..
doanh nghifp chiu hai logi chi phi: mft la cdc chi phi trye tiip liSn quan din di chuyin hang hda nhu chi phi van t£U, cang vd do hang, cdc chi phi hdnh chinh, chi phi dgi difn vd cac thanh todn hon hgp, hai la cdc chi phi lien quan din bao hilm logistics d nhilu qudc gia dang phat trien. Hf qud la, cdc doanh nghifp phdi gidm bdt hodc xod bd cdc chi phf lien quan din bdo hiem do su thilu hyt vl khd nang dy dodn vd kha ndng cda chudi cung dng. Ddng trude bdi toan chi phi CO hgi hode Id ed thi khdng eo rdi ro va khdng cdn ehi them tiln bao hiem ho^c cd thi cd rui ro vd chi th^m tiln bdo hilm logistics, cdc doanh nghifp logistics phdi dua ra quyet dinh cuoi cimg. Cdc chi phf cda sy khdng dy doan dugc trong chuoi cung ung toan cau Id mft gidi hgn ldn vdi cdc doanh nghifp vd cdng ty cd gang da dang hda d cde sdn xudt gid trj cao hon. Cdc doanh nghifp d qu6c gia cd chi s6 LPI cao ed mdc ehi phi logistics thdp hem so vdi cac doanh nghifp d ede qudc gia cd chi sd LPI thdp han. Cdc chi phi cung tang bdi cac hifu qud kinh tl theo quy md thdp cho cac co sd ha tdng hodc sy khdng can bdng cdu trdc cda khoi lugng thuong mgi gitta cde qudc gia.
Vf dy, kim nggeh thuang mgi rdt ft gitta Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka va Thdi Lan.
Mgt cdeh can bdng chi phi va chdt lugng logistic dugc xdc dinh khdng chi bdi ca sd ha tdng va khd ndng thi hifn cda cde td chue cdng, ma cdn bdi su cgnh tranh cda chdt lugng vd ede dich vu tu nhdn.
Sy gia tdng ty hgng sdn xuat todn cdu, sy thu hep chu k^' vdng ddi sdn phdm vd sy gia tdng cgnh hanh todn cdu nhdn manh
logistic nhu mgt ngu6n chiin luge cda lgi thi canh tranh. Trong edc chudi sdn xudt toan cdu, cdc quoc gia doi m$t vdi thdch thde k^o duy hi mdt chu5i hifu qud khdng chi cho xudt khdu md cho cd cdc yiu t6 s ^ xudt ddu vdo ban thanh pham. Dieu nay cd till la gdnh nang d^c bift, khi md yiu td ddu vdo khdng cd ngu6n cung nfi dia.
Todn cdu hda ddt uu ddi cho sy di chuyin hdng hda theo mgt cdch du dodn duge, tilt kifm thdi gian vd hifu qud ve ehi phi. C^
qu6c gia cd ket ndi tdt cd thi ed tiip c|in nhilu thi trudng vd ngudi tiSu dimg hon:
Mgt quoc gia xa cdc thj trudng ldn nhu Chile vd New Zealand cd thi la mdt qudc gia hong chudi thi trudng thye phdm toan cdu, cung cap hoa qud tuoi sach (qua Kiwi vd tdo) cho ngudi tieu dung d khdp till gidi bao gdm cd An Df, trong khi tdo td cdc vung eda An DO cd cdng khu vuc khf hgu nui cao khdng thi ldm nhu thi.
Sy vang m^t cda chudi cung dng hifu qud khiln xudt khau hoa qud chat lugng cao khd khdn va bj han chi.
B6n canh do, khd nang eda qudc gia hi dnh hudng ldn bdi lien kit yiu hong chudi cung ung: chi mgt hodc hai nganh cd bilu hifn k6m thi ngay Igp tdc khd ndng egnh tranh tong the sS bi dnh hudng. Hoan thifn cdc yeu to cau thdnh mang ludi logistic cd tdc dyng cdng co lan nhau trong todn bf li£n ket cua chudi cung dng logistic, trye ti6p gdp phdn nang cao hifu qua cda cd hf thong logistic. Dii mdi logistic theo hudng tiep can hgi nhdp, tgp trung vdo tucmg tac gitta CO sd hg tang vd cdc dich vy cdng vd tu, djnh hudng dilu hdnh cac thi chi mdi hong
Nghign cdu An Bf vd Chau A. Sd 7 - 2017 he th6ng. Dl dgt hifu qud k^' vgng, nen chu
trgng ndng cao hifu qua du bdo dugc va do tin cdy cda vgn tdi vd khong chi tgp trung vao vifc gidm chi phi trung binh vd cdc su hodn chuySn.
Cdc vdn dl hgng tdm can dugc xdc dinh nhdm c^ thifn mdi trudng logistic d cac nude thdnh viSn ASEAN bao g6m: (a) cdc thda thuan dugc cai thien cho thi trudng van tdi dudng bd hfi nhap gitta cdc nude ASEAN; (b) cdc quy dinh van tai dong bg vd tot hon (khd ndng van chuySn, gidi han ehua hang, chung chi vd dilu kifn eua ngudi lai, cdc tiSu chudn an todn, hgp ddng...); (c) cdc quy trhih nhap khau, xuat khdu don gidn hda, cac quy trinh gidm chi phi va thdi gian thdng quan; (d) cdc thda thudn muc do dich vy de cdi thifn khd nang dy bdo cda thdi gian thdng quan.
2.3. Khd ndng lien kit van chuyen Kha ndng tiip can cdc thi trudng thi gidi phy thudc vdo khd ndng md rgng cdc lien kit van tai biln mgt each hifu qua.
Hifn nay, vgn tdi dudng biln luon chilm din 90% sdn lugng hdng hoa thuang mgi thi gidi nhd nhdng lgi the nhu; co the van chuyin hang hod vdi khoi lugng ldn, cdng kinh vd vdi chi phi tiidp ban hdn so vdi cdc logi hmh vdn tdi khac. Tuy nhiSn, nhugc dilm cda logi hinh vdn tdi ndy Id toe do vgn chuyin chdm, cac chd tdu thudng xuyen chiu rui ro vi nan cudp biln, bao to, loc xody,...
Bk do ludng tmh thuan tifn hong hogt dgng van tdi biln cua mdt quoc gia, UNCTAD da dua ra Chi sd kit ndi tdu biln qudc gia (Liner Shipping Connectivity
Index - LSCI) nhdm do ludng khd ndng ket ndi vdi mgng ludi vgn chuyen dudng bien todn cdu cda quoc gia dd. Chi so LSCI dugc UNCTAD tinh todn dua h6n ndm thdnh phan cua nganh van tdi bien: (1) sd lugng tdu, (2) sdn lugng container chuyen chd, (3) kich cd tau tdi da, (4) s6 lugng dich vu v|in tdi bien, (5) so lugng cac cdng ty khai thdc cac tdu container d cdc cdng cua quoc gia dd^.
Hdu hit cdc boat ddng thucmg mgi qudc tl diu su dyng dich vy van tai biln thdng qua so lugng container. Vi thS, LSCI cd the gidp nhd ddu tu, cac chd vdn hdnh edng va nhd ldm chinh sach ddnh gid vi thi cda mgt qudc gia hong mang ludi todn cau mgt each chinh xdc. Khi xem xet LSCI, can phdi luu y rdng khd nang vdn tdi tau bien cua mgt quoc gia cd lidn quan hifu qua din thuang mai hdng hdi ddi vdi cdc hdng hda sdn xudt. Gid tri LSCI nhd se thi hifn duge qu6c gia dd cd it tdu dugc khai thdc, it dich vy vd it cdng ty khai thdc tdu ban. Mdc dg khai thac thdp thudng Id kit qud eua vifc van dung ba yiu to: (a) vi tri dia li cua qudc gia; (b) khoi lugng thuang mai vd (c) sdc hdp dan cda cdng bien vdi cdc tau van tdi khdng hifu qua. Bdng 3.19 cho thdy xu hudng LSCI cua cdc quoc gia ASEAN c6 dudng bd bien. Trong cdc quoc gia ASEAN, LSCI c6 gid hi tiidp ddi vdi Brunei, Cambodia, Myanmar va Philippines cho thay chi co it tdu nhd d cdng. Dieu nay ddn den sy chuyin tdi hang
^Um T i ^ T ^ ST, Phan Nguyin Tning Hung (2015), Bio c4o Nginh Logictics, ht^)://www.fpts.com.vn /FileStore2/File/2015/08/05/Logistics%20Report.pdf
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Ngo Minh Biic. Mpt s6 rao can trong quan he thuang mgi,..
hoa a cdng thii ba (chu yeu Id Singapore) gia co LSCI cao, theo sau Id Singapore, ldm tang chi phi dang kS, tac ddng nguoc Han Qudc va Malaysia,
lai dong thuang mai. Trung Qu6c Id quoc
Bang 2. Chi so kit noi tau biln qu6c gia (LSCI) giai flojo 2006 - 2016 Brunei
Cambodia Indonesia Ldo Malaysia Myanmar Piiilippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam India Sri Lanka China Hdn Qu6c
2006 3,26 2,93 25,84
69,2 2,54 16,48 86,11 33,89 15,14 42,9 37,31 113,1 71,92
2011 4,68 5,36 25,91 90,96 3,22 18,56 105,02
36,7 49,71 41,52 41,13 152,06 92,02
2012 4,44 3,45 26,28 99,69 4,2 17,15 113,16 37,66 48,71 41,29 43,43 156,19 101,73
2013 4,61 5,34 27,41 98,18 6 18,11 106,91
38,32 43,26 44,35 43,01 157,51 100,42
2014 4,3 5,55 28,06 104,02
6,25 20,27 113,16 44,88 46,08 45,61 53,04 165,05 108,06
2015 4,56 6,69 26,98 110,58 6,23 18,27 117,13 44,43 46,36 45,85 54,43 167,13 113,2
2016 3,86 5,61 27,19 106,79 6,37 17,81 122,7 44,32 62,84 46,24 63,21 167,48 115,61 Ngudn: UNCTADSTAT, http://unctadstat.unctad.org/wds/TabieViewer/tableView.aspx?
ReportId^2
2.4. Mgt sd rdo edn trong giao dich thuang mgi
Vdi myc tiSu thdc ddy giao thuong qua bi6n gidi, cdc qudc gia ludn mong muon chuan hda cac quy dinh, giay td xudt nhdp khau va dieu kifn kinh doanh qua bien gidi dl cac nen kinh tl hong khu vuc hgi nhdp sdu, rgng hon. Hai quan ddng vai trd quan hgng hong qud trinh thdng quan d bien gidi, cdn cd sy hudng dan cy thi trdnh su cham he trong qua trinh thdng quan vd lam tang chi phf cda doanh nghifp. Tuy nhien, se khdng hgp Iy hong vife so sanh thdi gian vd chi phf dien ra hong vgn chuyin hdng hod din (tu) Singapore vdi quy md nhd vd vai trd eua nd nhu mgt cong noi cdng/trung chuyin. Chdng hgn nhu, cdn
mat it nhdt 3 ngdy de giao hang, xuat khdu (container ti§u chudn 20 feet) td eong nha mdy dl chuyen den Thdi Lan khi ma thudng mat hon 7 ngdy dl thyc hifn qua trinh tuong tu d An Dg. Cdc thd tuc khai bdo tai bien gioi (tiid tyc hdi quan) ton k6m 435,5 USD cho mgt container 20 feet tieu chudn d An Do so vdi chi 223 USD d Thai Lan va 185 USD d Han Qu6c (Bdng 3).
Chi phf hai quan d Myanmar ciing cao.
Dilu ndy thi hifn r6 ring, nlu muon phat trien giao thuong qua biSn gidi vdi An Df thi can phdi chudn hda va ndng cao hifu qud cda hogt dgng thdng quan, vdn chuyen nfi dia tdt hon dl gidm thilu thdi gian vd chi phi xudt nhdp khdu, td do ndng cao khd ndng cgnh tranh thuang mgi cila quoc gia.
20
Nghien edu An Dp vd Chdu A. S6 7 - 2017
Bang 3: Giao thirong qua biSn gidi ASEAN vd mgt so nirdc nam 2016
Brunei(121) Cambodia (98) Indonesia (105) Lao (108) Malaysia (49) Myanmar (140) Philippines (95) Singapore (41) Thailand (56) Vi?tNam(99) An Do (133) HanQu6c(31) Tmng Qu6c (96)
Thoi gian xudt khdu (nhap kh4u)
(am
DC 168 144 132 132 72 144 216 216 10 10 144 48 72 96 4 1 11 4 83 106 41,5 63,3 1 1 21,2 65,7BC 72 48 45 4 38,7 99,4 3 5 20 24 144 120 42 72 12 35 51 50 57 64 109,3 287,4 14 6 25,9 92,3
DT 3 3 6 11 6,2 6,2 2 2 12 12 5 5 4 4 2 1 2 2 7 7 27,8 55,5 1 7 6,7 6,7
Tong 243 195 183 147 116,9 249,6 221 223 42 46 293 173 118 172 18 37 64 56 147 177 178,6 406,2 16 14 53,8 164,7
Chi phi xuat khau (nhap khau) (USD)
DC 90 50 100 120 170 160 235 115 45 60 140 115 53 50 37 37 97 43 139 183 101,7 144,7 11 27 84,6 170,9
BC 340 395 375 240 253,7 382,6 73 153 321 321 432 367 456 580 335 220 223 233 309 268 413,1
574 185 315 522,4 776,6
DT 250 250 200 1125 185 185 150 150 255 255 200 200 381 381 212 214 147 147 181 181 435,5 535,5 216 568 306 319,6
Tong 680 695 675 1485 608,7 727,6 458 418 621 636 772 682 890 1011 584 471 467 423 629 632 950,3 1254,2
412 910 913 1267,1 Ngu6n: DC - Doamentary Compliance - Khai bao hai quan: BC - Border Compliance - Thong quan: LfT - Domestic Transport - Van chuyin noi dia: http://viww.doingbusiness.oig /~/media/WBG/DoingBusiness/Documents/Annual-Reports/English/DB 16-Full-
Report.pdf
Mot thuc tl dang diln ra tai cac khu ^™S ^'^"'^i f ™S ''^^'' * ' ^ " ' " ' ^ f , , .i ^. , ^. , ,. _ . "spaghetti bowl ), khi mdt hang hda cd the vyc CO qua nhieu thod thugn thuong mat ^ ^ "
^"Spaghetti bowl" c6 th^ hieu m§t cdch don giin 1^ m§t h i ^ tu^ng ch6ng ch6o trong chinh sdeh kinh t l qu6c ti, xAy ra trong v i ^ dp dyng cdc quy djnh khi th^c hi|n cdc diod thu^n thuong m^i tv do trSn till gidi. Tdc dfng cik
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Ngd Minh Dure. Mgt so rdo cdn trong quan H thuang mgi..
cd nhilu mdc thul xuat nhdp khau khdc nhau phy thuge vdo ngu6n goe dugc k^ ket.
Mdt vdn d l khdc Id sy hdi hda cda cdc tieu chudn va thd tuc cdp gidy chung nhan gida cdc qu6e gia. Vdn d l thd ba Id xdc dinh danh muc hdng hda tieu eye cua cdc qu6c gia, len k l hoach cy t h i d l thyc hifn vifc dd theo lg trinh nhdt dinh. Dieu ndy cd thS khdng phdi Id cdng vifc d l ddng khi cdc mdc thul xudt nhgp khdu vd kh6i lugng hdng hda xudt nhdp khdu khdc bift gida cdc qu6c gia thanh vien.
3. Ket lugn
Trudc xu hudng khu vyc hda, todn cau hod dang dien ra vd cdng mgnh me hong boi cdnh hifn nay, ca An Dg ldn ASEAN diu thi hifn quylt tam ndng tdm quan hf doi tdc chiSn luge. Day la co hfi cho sy phdt triin quan hf thuong mgi gida An Dd - ASEAN vd vifc hiiu rd nhung rdo cdn trong moi quan hf nay se gidp Chinh phu, doanh nghifp cda cac ben liSn quan cd sy chuan bi mft each day du nhdt d l tgn dung CO hgi phdt triin dong hgn c h i toi da nhung thdch thuc hifn cd.
Tdi tifu tham khao
1. Tran Nam Tiln (2016), An Bg vdi Ddng Nam A trong hdi cdnh qudc ti mdi, Nxb. Vdn hoa - Vdn ngh? thdnh pho Ho Chi Minh.
2. Nguyin Thj Thanh Huyin (2014), "Dilu chinh chinh sdeh ngogi thucmg: Kinh nghifm cua An Df thdi Vf cdi each", Tgp chi Kinh ti vdDtrbdo,so 16(576),tr.54-56.
3. Prabir De (cb) (2014), ASEAN - INDU deepening economic partnership in Mekong region, Nxb. Bookweil, 3/79, Nirankari Colony, Delhi.
4. Vishal Sarm (2016), India-ASEAN Trade and Economic Relations, New Century Publications, ISBN-13: 978-8177084214.
5. Rahul Sen, Mukul G. Asher and Ramkishen S. Rajan (2004), "ASEAN - India Economic Relations; Current Status and Future Prospects", Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 39, No. 29, pp. 3297-3308
6. The World Bank, Connecting to Compete 2016: Trade Logistics in the Global Economy. The Logistics Performance Index &
its Indicators, tr. 51, https://wb-Ipi- media.s3.amazonaws.coni/LPI_Report_2016.pdf
7. http://unctadstat.unctad.org/wds/
TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=92) 8. http://www.doingbusiness.0rg/-/media /WBG/DoingBusiness/Documents/Annual- Reports/English/DB 16-Full-Report.pdf
hi$n tupng ndy din din chinh sdeh thucmg m^i phSn bi?l ddi xi vi Cling mOt m$t hdng nhttng sS phdi chju miic thu^ khdc nhau vd 10 trinh cat gidm thul quan khdc nhau tuong ling v<!ri hi?u l^rc cua cdc thod ±\4n thuang m?i khdc nhau. Vin sf gja tdng cdc FTA trgn th^ gidi, hi^
tuong ndy diing dl diln td s\r mdu thuan gitta cdc dii tdc thuong m^i song phuomg vd da phuong.
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