DIEN DAN Tl/ Tl/^NG - LY LUAN
THANH raa cdfi Ddi ntn vOri VAN vi
DflN end Hdfl TRONQ D^NG V^ TRONG Xfl HOI
GS,TS HOANG CHI BAO*
Thanh tim cua ddi mai ndi len sice manh vd khd ndng sdng tao ciia qudn chiing, sir trudng thanh ve ndng luc tu duy ly lugn vd phdt trien ly ludn ciing nhu ndng luc lanh dao vd cam quyen ciia Ddng ta. Thanh tuu ciia hon 20 nam ddi mai cd dugc ciing Id nhd cd lice phdt dgng ciia ddn chii hoa, nha do ddn chu dd thuc day ddi mai vd phdt trien a nuac ta. Thuc te dd cho thdy, viec dam bdo vd thuc hien ddn chii, phdt huy quyen lam chu cua nhdn ddn la mgt trong nhimg thdnh tuu quan trgng vd noi bdt cua ddi mai.
1. Sy trirdng thanh ve nang lyc lanh dao va cam quyen cua Dang Cong san Viet Nam qua dirotig loi va nhirng thanh tyu cua doi moi
Sir nghiep ddi mdi toan dien theo dinh hudng xa hdi chu nghia do Dang khdi xudng va lanh dao trdn 1/4 the ky, da thu dugc thanh thanh tuu to ldn, cd y nghia lich sir. Dd la nhiing chang dudng het siic quan trgng trong lich sir dau tranh kien cudng ciia Dang, eiia dan tdc va nhan dan ta Mang ban chat giai cap cdng nhan, la ddi tien phong ciia giai cap ddng thdi la ddi tien phong ciia dan tdc, ciia nhan dan ta. Dang dai bieu chan chinh cho lgi ich cua giai cap, cua dan tdc va cua nhan dan, trung thanh vd han vdi ly tudng, muc tieu ddc lap dan tdc va chu nghia xa hdi. Dang ta xiing
* Hdi ddng Ly luan Trung uong
dang la mdt Dang each mang chan chinh nhu Hd Chi Minh ndi. Uy tin va anh hudng xa hdi ciia Dang d trong nudc va ngoai nudc khdng ngimg dugc md rdng va ciing cd.
Sire manh cua Dang cd dugc chinh la siic manh tir co sd xa hdi cua Dang, dd la quan chiing nhan dan da mdt Idng tin theo Dang, img hd Dang va bao ve Dang, nhat la trong nhung thdi ky gian nan, day thir thach hiem ngheo. Cd dugc sire manh ay la do Dang giii:
dugc mdi lien he mat thiet vdi quan chiing, hy sinh phan dau vi lgi quyen cua quan chiing, tuyet dai da sd can bd dang vien da the hien vai trd tien phong guong mau trong cac phong trao each mang de tap hgp, dan dat va ldi cudn quan ehiing hanh ddng sang tao, dua sir nghiep each mang tien len va gianh duge thang lgi.
Dang ta lai ed chii nghia Mac - Lenin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh soi sang, dd la nen tang tu
D I E N O A N T U ' T U ' 6 ' N G - L Y L U A N
tudng ciia Dang, la kim chi nam hanh ddng cua each mang Viet Nam ma Dang trung thanh mdt each sang tao, bao ve va phat trien trong thue tien vd ciing phong phii, sinh dgng ciia each mang Viet Nam va each mang the gidi sudt 80 nam qua. Coi xay dung Dang la khau then chdt. Dang da khdng ngimg eham lo sir vimg manh va tang cudng siic ehien dau ciia Dang ve ehinh tri, tu tudng, td chiic trong toan Dang, tir Trung uong tdd co sd. Thuc hien Di chiic ciia Chii tich Hd Chi Minh, Dang ta dac biet coi trgng giir gm va phat huy sir doan ket, thdng nhat trong Dang nhu giir gin con nguoi ciia mat minh. Dd la mdt truyen thdng cue ky quy bau ciia Dang, la mdt trong nhiing cdi ngudn va nhan td lam nen sire manh, sire chien dau ciia Dang.
Ngay nay, trong dieu kien phat trien manh me kinh te thi trudng, trudc nhirng bieu hien suy thoai, bien chat ciia mdt bd phan can bd dang vien lam tdn hai tdd uy tin va thanh danh ciia Dang, Dang dae biet coi trgng xay dimg Dang ve dao dire va ldi sdng, kien quyet dau tranh vdi te quan lieu tham nhiing, lam cho Dang trong sach viing manh de ximg dang vdi Idng tin cay ciia nhan dan, xiing dang la mdt Dang lanh dao, cam quyen. Dang la dao dire va van minh nhu Hd Chi Minh da timg chi dan.
Ddi mdi d Viet Nam, bat dau tir nhung sang kien sang tao cua quan chiing nhan dan d co sd, dugc Dang cham chii tim tdi, phat hien, tdng ket thue tien va khai quat thanh ly luan, dl tir dd hinh thanh dudng ldi va quyet sach chiln luge ddi mdi tai Dai hdi VI (1986). Day thuc su la Dai hdi cua ddi mdi, la mdt mdc son chdi lgi trong lich sir bien nien ciia Dang ta.
Dang ciing nhu mdt co the sdng nen trong thuc tien lanh dao each mang, trong ddi sdng chinh tri, ciing cd liic mac phai nhiing khuyet diem, sai lam. Vdi tit ca tinh trung thuc each mang, vdi ban lmh tu phe phan, diing cam nhin thang vao sir that, danh gia diing sir that, ndi ro sir that, tai Dai hdi VI Dang ta da thira nhan nhirng khuyet diem, sai lam nghiem trgng cua minh. Dd la benh chu quan, duy y chi, "ta"
khuynh va giao dieu, lam trai quy luat khach quan. Khi d vi tri va vi the cam quyen, khdng it can bd dang vien, td chiie Dang va cap iiy lai xa dan, xa rdi thuc tien eugc sdng nen sai lam mac phai da gay ra nhiing hau qua tieu cue phai kien quyet sira chira.
Hay nhd lai nhiing nhan dinh rat sau sac cua Chii tich Hd Chi Minh va cua cac nha lanh dao kiet xuat cua Dang d vao giai doan cudi the ky XX da qua. Trong Di chuc, Bac can dan dieu dau tien la ndi ve Dang. Bae dan phai giii gin doan kit thdng nhat, diy manh tir phe binh va phe binh, cd ly, cd tinh, cd tinh thuong yeu ddng ehi lan nhau. Phai thuc hanh dan chu rdng rai trong Dang, phai guong mau cho quan ehiing noi theo. Phai ra siic chinh ddn Dang, ehdng ehii nghia ca nhan va thuc hanh dao diic each mang can kiem liem chinh, chi edng vd tu, phai that sir xiing dang la ngudi lanh dao, ngudi diy td trung thanh va tan tuy ciia nhan dan. Trii tinh ngay thing lgi ciia each mang mien Nam, thdng nhit T6 qudc sap den gan, trong lin sira chiia culi ciing ban Di chiic lich sir 1000 tir, Bac sau sac, min cam, tri tue va nhan van bilt bao khi can dan Dang, Chinh phii va moi chiing ta rang, phai cd kl hoach that cu thi, rd rang.
38 TAP CHi LICH SLF O A N G - SO 12/2009
DI^NOANTU'TU'O'NG-LY LUAN
cham lo phuc hdi san xuat va kinh te sau chien tranh, lam het sire minh de phat trien kinh te va van hda, cham lo ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than that ehu dao cho nhan dan, de tranh rai vdo bi dgng;- thieu sdt vd sai lam... Va bao nhieu dieu thiet thue, cu the, sau sac khac dugc Ngudi viet trong Di chuc. Ngudi nhac nhd: ddi mdi nhu mdt eugc dau tranh, mdt su nghiep lau dai. Dd la cuoc chien dau khdng Id giira nhirng cai tdt tuoi, mdi me vdi nhiing cai xau xa, hu hdng, ldi thdi. Phai dua vao dan, tap hgp siie dan, thanh phong trao va luc lupng to ldn cua dan de dan thuc hien.
Di chuc thuc su la mdt thiet ke tu tudng ly luan ve ddi mdi, la mdt dai tdng ket ly luan - thuc tien ve each mang Viet Nam vdi tam nhin xa trdng rdng va hanh ddng sang tao ciia Hd Chi Minh. Bude vao ddi mdi. Dang ta da cd trong hanh trang ciia minh cam nang quy bau va ky dieu dd. Cd the ndi, trude khi ra di, ve vdi the gidi ngudi hien, Bac da chuan bi chu dao ve ly luan tdng quat cho chiing ta hanh ddng, thuc hanh bang each phat trien va sang tao them tir nhiing tu tudng ldn lao dd.
Cd Tdng Bi thu Le Duan da tung nhan manh: chan ly la cu the nen each mang phai sang tao. Sang tao ldn nhat ndi d day ma Dang ta da lam dugc, dd la sdng tao ve duang ldi vd phuang phdp cua cdch mang Viet Nam theo tu tudng Ho Chi Minh.
Cd Tdng Bi thu Trudng - Chinh, ngudi cd cdng lao to ldn ddi vdi cdng cuge ddi mdi tir nin mdng tu tudng va ly luan tai Dai hdi VI, Dai hdi md diu ciia ddi mdi, ciing timg ndi:
Cach mang Viet Nam da chiing td rang, khi nao Dang ta neu cao tinh than ddc lap tu chii
va sang tao thi khi ay each mang phat trien thuan lgi va thang lgi. Khi nao pham vao giao dieu, chii quan duy y chi thi khi ay each mang gap khd khan va khd tranh khdi nhiing sai lam, nhiing that bai. Nhiing bai hgc dugc Dang ta tdng ket tai Dai hdi VI cdn mai gia tri va tinh thdi sir ciia nd. Dd la tdn trgng quy luat khach quan, tdn trgng dan, dan la gdc.
Ndi ve tinh cam va niem tin cua dan ddi vdi Dang, cd Tdng Bi thu Trudng - Chinh nhan manh, mdi khi Dang vap phai khuyet diem sai lam, gap khd khan, nhan dan van mdt Idng kien nhan chd dgi Dang sira chira, ra quyet sach mdi dung dan de dua each mang tien len.
Do dd. Dang va mgi can bd dang vien phai neu eao tinh than trach nhiem cao ca trudc dan, lam het siic minh de xiing dang vdi dan, khdng phu Idng tin ciia dan ddi vdi Dang.
Tinh than va thai do tu phe phan nghiem khac va thanh that dd dugc Dang neu cdng khai tai dien dan Dai hdi da gay xuc ddng va tin tudng ldn cho nhan dan, cho toan dan tdc.
Day la khai ddu cho ddi mdi tu duy, ddi mdi phong each lanh dao cua Dang thdi ky ddi mdi.
Ciing nen nhd lai tinh hinh va su kien da xay ra d ben them ddi mdi va nhung nam diu gian nan, sdng gid khi ddi mdi chi vira mdi bat diu.
Dd la lam phat phi ma 3 con sd, san xuat dinh ddn, luu thdng phan phdi ach tac, tdng dieu ehinh gia - luong - tien nam 1985 da lam rdi loan kinh te, ddi sdng nhan dan giam sut nghiem trgng. Vao liie dd, nen kinh te nudc ta da dung ben bd vuc tham cua sir sup dd, nhu mdt nhan dinh da dang tren bao Dang hdi dd ciia Vd Tir Thanh. Chinh ddi mdi la quyet saeh kip thdi ciiu cho dat nudc ra khdi khimg hoang.
OIEN OAN TU'TU'O'NG - LY LUAN
Vdi ddi mod, bit diu tir ddi mdi tu duy, nhit la tu duy kinh tl. Dang ta da neu eao mgt tu tudng chiln luge, tap trung mgi nd lire gidi phdng sice sdn xuat, gidi phong mgi tiem ndng
ciia xd hgi, bing each phat trien san xuat hang hda, kinh te hang hda nhieu thanh phan, ap dung eo che thi trudng, ehii trgng lgi ich ca nhan cua ngudi lao ddng, coi dd la ddng lire true tilp ciia phat trien kinh te va thuc hien lgi Ich xa hdi, vdi dot pha tir khoan trong ndng nghiep, tdi hd ndng dan. Ciing vdi giai phap kinh te dd. Dang ta chu truong thuc hien ddn chii hda todn dien cdc linh vuc cua den song, ehii trgng ddi mdi d hai lmh vuc trgng yeu la ddi mdi kinh te va ddi mdi he thdng chinh tri.
Dan chii hda kinh te va dan chii hda ehinh tri la siic manh kinh te va chinh tri de dan chii hda ddi sdng tinh than xa hgi, dam bao tu do tu tudng, giai phdng y thiic xa hdi.
Nhd dd ma xa hdi nhanh chdng ehuyen trang thai tir tri tre sang nang ddng, tir thu ddng chd bao cap ciia Nha nudc va vien trg nudc ngoai sang chii ddng tu eiiu lay minh, tu tdn tai va dimg vung trong phat trien.
Chii truong xda bd triet de co che tap trung quan lieu bao cap va phuang thirc phan phdi binh quan, ap dung eo che thi trudng, sir dung ke hoach nha nudc tu vl md de dieu tiet nham giii vung dam bao chinh tri cho phat trien kinh te di dimg dinh hudng xa hdi chu nghia da cd tae dung nhanh ehdng bdi nd thao bd eae lire can trdi budc va kim ham phat trien tir bay lau nay. Tir chd trien mien thieu luong thuc thue pham va hang tieu diing ma thue ra la thira thieu gia tao do thi trudng trong nudc khdng
phat triln, nudc ta budc vao ddi mdi da nhanh chdng trd thanh mdt trong nhiing nudc xuat khiu gao hang dau tren the gidi. Cd the ndi, nhiing quyet sach dd da nhanh chdng di vao cuge sdng, phii hgp vdi thuc tien, dugc cupc song chip nhan. Ve mat ly luan, day la su thay doi quan niem phdt trien, thay ddi md hinh phdt trien, phuong thirc phdt trien. Nhan thire ly lugn m&i ve ehii nghia xd hdi hinh thanh tir dd. Va, nhu thuc te da cho thay, han 20 nam doi mdi, nhan thirc ly luan ve chu nghia xa hdi va con dudng di len chu nghia xa hdi d nude ta da timg budc sang td ca dinh huang va dinh hinh trong dieu kien qua do bo qua che do tu ban chii nghia eiing nhu trong bdi canh mdi cua the gidi va thdi dai.
Dd la bieu hien ndi bat ve trinh do tu duy ly luan va sir trudng thanh ve ly luan ciia Dang.
Mdt tinh hudng vd eiing phiic tap va khd khan ddi vdi Dang ta khi mdi budc vao ddi mdi la sir dd vd ddng loat the che xa hdi ehu nghia tir Lien Xd tdi Ddng Au. Cae Dang Cdng san d vimg dia chinh tri quan trgng nay mat vai trd cam quyen, he thdng xa hdi ehu nghia the gidi tan ra, each mang lam vao thoai trao, lich sir d mdt budc re ngoat, mdt khuc quanh phiic tap chua timg thay. Dd la ket cue cua khiing hoang md hinh chu nghia xa hdi hien thuc Xd Viet da khdng giai quyet dugc. Cai td lai pham nhirng sai lam ehinh tri, mat phuong hudng, eac the lire de qudc chii nghia va ehdng Cdng thuc hien am muu tham ddc chdng ehii nghia xa hpi tir lau, da ap dung ehien luge "dien bien hda binh", chuyen vao trong ndi bd eac nudc xa hpi chu nghia thanh tu "dien bien hda binh".
40 TAP CHi LICH SLF O A N G - S612/2009
D I I N O A N T U ' T U ' O N G - L Y L U A N
Chung da thanh cdng vdi kich ban ay tai Lien Xd va Ddng Au. Sau dd, each mang Viet Nam trd thanh trgng diem phan kich cua chimg. Vao liic dd, cuge khimg hoang kinh te - xa hdi d nudc ta dang rat gay gat, ta lai mat het thi trudng va cac ban hang truyen thdng, ciing khdng cdn cdc khoan vien trg khdng hoan lgi rdt lan cua qudc te tir bay lau nay. Tinh hudng ay dat Dang ta va nhan dan ta trudc sir lira chgn: Tdn tai hay khdng tdn tai?
Chinh ddi mdi da giiip cho Dang va nhan dan ta vLr0 thoat va thoat hiem.
Dang ta da nhd kmh nghiem tich liiy trong lich sir chien tranh chdng chu nghia de qudc, chii nghia thuc dan cii va mdi ma dan day kinh nghiem, dugc tdi luyen ve ban linh chinh tri nen da giir viing nguyen tdc vd phuang hudng chinh tri, khdng pham vao sai lam tu sat nhu Lenin ndi, nhu da xay ra trong cai td d Lien Xd, Ddng Au.
Ddi mdi d Viet Nam la sir ddn kip thdi co, van hdi phat trien va vugt qua thach thire nghiet nga tren con dudng phat trien. Dudng ldi ddi mdi nhanh chdng di vao eugc sdng, bat gap nhanh chdng giira tu tudng, dudng ldi cua Dang vdi y nguyen, mong dgi tir lau ciia dan chiing, tao nen thdng nhat nhan thiic, thdng nhat hanh ddng, tir Dang den dan, di vao mgi nganh, mgi cap, mgi dia phuong va co sd, den mgi nha, mgi ngudi. Siic manh cd ket, ddng thuan dd da tao nen budc phat trien nhanh chdng va thanh tuu to ldn ciia ddi mdi. Trong hoan canh khd khan, phirc tap cua tinh hinh qudc tl, thi gidi va trong nudc. Dang da xac dinh dudng ldi ddi mdn cd nguyen tdc, kien tri
ly tudng, mue tieu ddc lap dan tdc va chii nghia xa hdi, kien dinh sir lira chgn con dudng phat trien xa hdi ehu nghia, trung thanh va phat trien sang tao chu nghia Mae - Lenin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, giu viing vai trd lanh dao va dia vi cam quyen cua Dang, ciing cd mdi lien he mat thiet giira Dang, Nha nudc vdi nhan dan, phat huy siic manh dai doan ket toan dan tdc, coi dd la nhan td quyet dinh thang lgi. Dudng ldi dd cdn dinh rd, doan tuyet vdi md hinh cii, xda bd co che cii, tim tdi xac lap md hinh mdi, di vao kinh te thi trudng, tdn trgng quy luat gia tri, quy luat canh tranh, quy luat thi trudng, ket hgp tang trudng kinh te vdi cdng bang xa hdi, thuc hien muc tieu ddi mdi dan giau, nudc manh, xa hdi cdng bang, dan chii, van minh, lay con ngudi lam muc tieu va ddng lire phat trien, vi eugc sdng va hanh phiic ciia dan. Dinh hudng diing dan dd vira hgp quy luat khach quan lai thuan Idng dan nen dan img hd.
Vdi ddi mdi. Dang ta ciing chuyen tir quan niem phat trien don tuyen, tuyen tinh, thudng ehi trong mdt he thdng (xa hdi chu nghia), lai khep kin, ddng cira sang md cira, hgp tac, canh tranh, chu ddng tich cue hgi nhap qudc te, pha dugc the bao vay, cam van. Hgc tap va van dung tu tudng Hd Chi Minh "them ban bdt thii". Dang ta thuc hanh dudng ldi ddi ngoai va chinh sach ngoai giao than thien, cdi md, hgp tac song phuong, da phuang, lam ban vdi tat ca cae nudc, khai thae ndi lire, khai thdng ngoai luc hudng vao phat trien va phat trien ben viing. Quyet saeh dd phii hgp vdi the gidi va thdi dai. Diing
DIEN OAN TU'TU'ONG - LY LUAN
quy lugt, thuan Idng ddn, hgp thdi dgi - dd la net dae trung trong tu tudng Hd Chi Minh dugc Dang ta van dung.
Dang ta ciing da giai quyet thanh cdng ve buac di trong ddi mdi. Dd la ddi mdi kinh te la trgng tam, la trudc het va chii yeu, ddi mdi chinh tri, he thdng chinh tri than trgng, timg budc, tren co sd ddi mdi kinh te cd hieu qua, timg budc cai thien ddi sdng nhan dan. Chi nhu vay mdi cd the lam tang sire thuyet phue xa hdi va su hau thuan ciia dan khi bude vao ddi mdi ehinh tri. Day la van de rat phiie tap, thudng do vd, khdng may nudc thanh cdng.
Vi the ddi mdi ehinh tri va he thdng chinh tri phai rat than trgng va Dang ta da bude dau giai quyet thanh cdng. 0 giai doan sau, khi kinh te thi trudng d nude ta budc vao dinh hinh, thdnh mdt nen kinh te, lai hudng tdi kinh te tri thirc va nude ta da chu ddng, tich cue hgi nhap qudc te, ddi mdi kinh te va ddi mdi he thdng chinh tri phai nang tdd mdt trinh do cao hon, cd hieu qua rd ret hon, do dd can phai ddng bd, chii trgng eai each the ehe, xay dung Nha nudc phap quyen, day manh dan chii hda xa hgi, nhat la thuc hanh dan chu trong Dang de thiic day thuc hanh dan chii trong xa hdi, xay dung nen hanh chinh cdng minh bach, thdng thoang de thu hiit eac nha dau tu nudc ngoai va phuc vu nhu cau xa hdi ciia dan ehiing, thuc hien va phat huy quyen lam ehii cLia nhan dan.
Trong viee xir ly cac mdi quan he trong ddi mdi. Dang ta da quan tam tdng ket thue tien, tir thue tien ma lam sang td ly luan ve nhiing mdi quan he ban chat:
- Quan he giira dn dinh vdi ddi mdi va phat trien, lay dn dinh ehinh tri tich cue lam tien de va dieu kien de thiic day ddi mdi, thuc hien mue tieu phat trien ben viing.
- Quan he ddi mdi kinh te vdi ddi mdi he thdng chinh tri, phat trien kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi chii nghia va xay dung nen dan chii xa hdi ehu nghia.
- Quan he giiia tdc do tang trudng va chat lugng phat trien, ket hgp tang trudng kinh te vdi thuc hien cdng bang xa hdi trong timg budc di, trong timg ehinh sach.
- Quan he giiia xay dung va bao ve Td qudc, tang cudng tiem lire qudc phdng va giir vung chii quyen, an ninh qudc gia.
- Quan he giira siic manh dan tdc vdi siic manh thdi dai.
- Quan he giiia phat trien kinh te la trung tam, xay dung Dang la then chdt vdi phat trien van hda la nen tang tinh than ciia xa hdi.
- Quan he giira Dang lanh dao, Nha nudc quan ly va nhan dan lam chu...
Nhd giai quyet diing dan eac van de ly luan va thue tien ddi mdi ma qua 1/4 the ky, chiing ta da tao lap chinh tri dn dinh, kinh te tdng trudng, xd hgi timg budc dgt dugc cdng bdng, ddn toe doan kit vd dong thuan huong ten phdt trien. Dd la mdt thanh cdng to ldn, td ro
sir trudng thanh ve nang lire lanh dao va cam quyen ciia Dang.
2. Dan chu hda trong Dang va trong xa hoi - Thanh tyu va nhihig van de dang dat ra Qua trinh ddi mdi tu duy, giai phdng tu tudng, y thiic xa hdi, cd vii tinh than tdn trgng sir that, ndi rd sir that, danh gia dung sir that la
42 TAP CHi LICH SLF O A N G - S612/2009
OIEN O A N T U ' T U ' O ' N G - L Y LUAN
mdt minh chimg rd ret ve chuyen ddng tieh cue ciia dan chu. Nhd dd, con ngudi, tir can bd dang vien edng chiic den ngudi dan deu ed quyen ndi rd sir that, bay td quan diem, chinh kien eiia minh, bay td thai do phe phan vdi nhiing sai trai, bat cdng, nhiing hanh vi cd y lam trai, ddc doan chuyen quyen, quan lieu hach dich xa dan, nhiing nhieu gay phien ha cho dan, lgi dung va lam dung chiic quyen de tham nhiing, gay hai cho dan, cho Dang va eho Nha nudc. Du luan xa hdi tich cue eiing hinh thanh va md rdng, tao ap lire ddi vdi nhiing vi pham dan chii, ca nhirng hanh vi lgi dung dan chii, quyen tu do dan chu de thuc hien nhirng y do xau pha hoai sir nghiep ddi mdi bang each gay rdi loan, mat dn dinh. Nha nudc do Dang lanh dao da khdng ngimg cd nhiing chinh ddn va cai each, bd sung, phat trien va hoan thien the ehe luat phap, ban hanh nhieu dao luat mdi can ap dung trong nen kinh te thi trudng, vi muc dich bao ve quyen va lgi ich hgp phap ciia edng dan.
Cac vu an dugc xet xir edng khai va nghiem tri nhimg hanh vi pham tdi, thuc hien nguyen tac mgi cdng dan deu binh dang trudc phap luat. Xet xir diing ngudi, dung tdi, trimg tri theo diing luat phap, khdng cd phan biet ddi xir. Dd ciing la mdt budc tien ciia dan chii hda ca trong lap phap, hanh phap va tu phap.
Quan ly nha nude theo luat, dd la ddi hdi tat ylu, duong nhien ciia nha nude phap quyln. Dang ta lai nhan manh dan ehu trong he muc tieu ciia ddi mdi, trong xay dung nha nudc phap quyen, xa hdi dan chii, ddi mdi he thdng chinh tri dl xay dung va phat trien nin
dan chu xa hdi chu nghia, dam bao thuc chat quyen lam chu cua nhan dan.
Viec xda bd co che tap trung quan lieu, phuang thirc binh quan trong phan phdi va bao cap de chuyen sang co che thi trudng canh tranh trong nen kinh te thi trudng la mdt bude tien rat can ban tren con dudng dan chii hda xa hdi. Nhd dd, vdi sire manh ciia dan chii hda va lire day cua kinh te thi trudng, viec tao ra CO hdi phat trien cho tat ca mgi ngudi, hinh thanh nhan thire cdng bdng ve ca hdi phdt trien, cdng bdng cho mgi ngicdi la mdt phat trien ly luan quan trgng ve dan ehii, tu do, cdng bang va binh dang d nudc ta.
Nhd phat trien manh me kinh te thi trudng, khuyen khich lam giau hgp phap, thira nhan sir tdn tai binh dang mgi thanh phan kinh te, thuc hien nguyen tac ddi vdi mgi cdng ddn
"dugc phep lam tat ca nhung gi ma phap luat khdng cam", va vdi cdng chirc "dugc lam nhimg gi ma luat phap cho phep", ngay ddng vien. Dang ciing eho phep lam kinh te tu nhan... ma xa hdi da cd nhiing budc chuyen khac xa so vdi thdi ky trude ddi mdi. Day la nhirng budc chuyen tich cue, phii hgp vdi phat trien, la ket qua ciia dan chu hda, nhat la dan chu hda kinh te va chinh tri. Trong bau khdng khi cdi md, mdi trudng xa hdi dan chii, ai ai ciing nhan dugc tir xa hdi nhimg co hdi phat trien nhu nhau.
Viec thao luan tranh luan tu do dan chii, biet lang nghe, biet tdn trgng va chap nhan nhirng y kien khae biet, mien la khdng di ngugc lai lgi ich chung cua xa hdi, khdng vi pham hien phap, phap luat, khdng phai la hanh vi chdng ehl
OI^NOANTU'TU'O'NG-LY LUAN
do... diu duge khuyin khich. Nhd dd, su phat triln tich cue va lanh manh trong nghien eiiu ly luan va khoa hgc ndi chung da gdp phan nang eao tilm lire tu tudng, tri tue ciia Dang, nang cao nhan thiic xa hdi, tao duge sir thdng nhat nhan thiic va hanh ddng cua xa hdi nhd dan chu, doan ket va ddng thuan.
Mdt trong nhirng thanh tuu quan trgng cua qua trinh van ddng dan chii hda xa hdi va thuc hien dan chii d nudc ta trong ddi mdi la viec Dang ra chi thi, Qudc hdi ra Nghi quyet va Chinh phu ban hanh Quy ehe thuc hien dan chu d CO sd, nhat la d ndng thdn (xa), tir nam 1998. Gan day, Qudc hdi ban hanh phap lenh dan ehii eo sd (2007) lam tang hieu lire phap ly cua quy che. Hdi nghi Trung uong 3 (Khda X) da ra Nghi quyet ve phdng, chdng tham nhiing. Qudc hdi da ban hanh Lugt chdng tham nhiing thay cho phap lenh xir ly tham nhiing trudc day.
Van de kiem tra, giam sat dugc de cao ciing vdi phan bien xa hdi, nang cao vai trd ciia Mat tran Td qudc Viet Nam va eae doan the trong he thdng chinh tri trong viec thuc hien nhiem vu quan trgng nay, dam bao cho mgi hoat ddng cua Dang, Nha nude va he thdng chinh tri di dung quy dao phap luat, hgp hien, hgp phdp, nang cao y thirc trach nhiem trgng ddn, trgng phdp trong ddi ngii can bd dang vien va edng chiie, d tit ca cac cap tir Trung uong tdd dia phuang va co sd. Thue hien nhung nghi quyet, chi thi va dao luat quan trgng dd chinh la timg budc xay dung xa hdi ta thanh mdt xa hdi dan chii, nang cao dia vi va nang lire lam ehu ciia ngudi dan.
Dan chu hda xa hdi da cd nhirng bude tiln thuc tien rd ret, ciing vdi dieu dd la viec thuc hien dan chii hda trong Dang, thuc hanh dan chii trong Dang, de eao trach nhiem cua Dang vien, cua cap uy, nhat la ngudi diing dau cap uy. Ddi mdi ndi dung va phuong thiic lanh dao cua Dang, Dang ta da chii trgng phan dinh rd tham quyen va trach nhiem giiia Dang vdi Nha nudc, thuc hien chi dan cua Hd Chi Minh vl dan chii tap trung (hay tap trung dan chii), dl cao tu phe binh va phe bmh, xay dung phuong phdp lanh dao ddn ehu, phong cdch
ddn chii trong Ddng, trong thao luan, tranh luan, trong td chiic thuc hien nghi quyet ciia Dang, chii trgng kiem tra, giam sat tir dudi len, tir tren xudng, chu trgng giao due y thirc td chiic ky luat, chap hanh dieu le Dang va phap luat Nha nude, ehii trgng hgc tap va lam theo tim guong dao diic Hd Chi Minh trong toan Dang va trong xa hdi, chii trgng tinh tien phong guong mau cua can bd dang vien.
Siie chien diu va nang lire lanh dao cua Dang nhd cd dan chu ma duge tang cudng, dd la mpt dam bao quan trgng de thdng nhit nhan thirc, y chi va hanh ddng trong Dang, dam bao cho Dang thuc hien vai trd lanh dao, cam quyen trong xa hgi.
Thanh tuu dd can phai dugc eung cd va phat huy. Mac dii vay, nhiing yeu kem, han ehe ve dan chu hda, thuc hien dan ehu trong xa hdi va trong Dang cdn khdng it, can phai dugc nhanh ehdng khac phuc.
Chinh nhiing han che, yeu kem nay da han che thanh tuu va budc tien cua ddi mdi, ciia phat trien d nudc ta ma trach nhiem trude het thugc ve Dang.
44 TAP CHi LICH SLF D A N G - S6 12/2009
DliN O A N TLF TU'O'NG - LY LUAN
Cd nhiing van de gi dang dat ra?
Thir nhdt, tinh trang vi pham dan chu va quyen lam chii cua dan, nhdt Id a ca sd, dac biet d CO sd ndng thdn cdn nang nl.
Nd lien quan tdi viec thuc hien khdng nghiem tiic quy che, phap lenh dan chu co sd, nhat la d nhirng noi ma td chiic Dang, chinh quyen va he thdng chinh tri co sd yeu kem, reu ra, mat siic chien dau, uy tin va anh hudng ciia Dang trong dan thap, do khdng it can bd, dang vien thgai hda bien chat.
Thir hai, dan chii hinh thirc ciing cdn kha phd bien d nhieu noi, ngay ca trong eac co quan khoa hge, cac co quan tu van, tham muu cho Dang. Ciing vdi dan chii hinh thiic cdn la nhirng bieu hien cue bd, dia phuong chu nghia, be phai, mat doan ket lam giam siic chien dau, tinh thdng nhat trong y chi va hanh ddng... Thdi tu do vd chinh phii, long quyen, lam quyen van chua dugc khac phuc.
Thir ba, kiem tra giam sat khdng thudng xuyen, cdn nang ve hinh thiic, xir ly khdng nghiem khac va nghiem minh lam han che tac dung, thieu siic thuyet phuc ddi vdi quan chiing va xa hdi.
Thir tu, che do trach nhiem khdng rd rang, thieu cac ehe tai xir ly nen tinh trang tieu cue cham va khd duge khae phue, de roi vao chu nghia hmh thirc, lam suy yeu Dang.
Thir nam, chat lugng can bd edn nhieu han che bat cap so vdi yeu cau. Cdng tac td chiie va can bd van la khau yeu kem keo dai. Chinh sach can bg eham ddi mdi, chua hoan thien, chua dii manh de tao ddng lire nang cao ve
can ban chat lugng, hieu qua cdng tac, thu hiit nhan tai cho Dang, Nha nudc va xa hdi.
Thir sdu, y thiic dan chii, y thiic phap luat va nang lire thuc hanh dan chii trong quan chiing cdn nhieu ban che, thdi quen tap quan lac hau, tiiy tien, xem nhe va coi thudng phap luat van cdn kha phd bien. Dd la mdt lire can rat nang ne ddi vdi dan chii va dan chii hda.
De tiep tuc ddi mdi, dua sir nghiep ddi mdi vao chieu sau, can phai khac phuc nhiing han che yeu kem ndi tren.
Trudc tinh hinh dd cd the thue hien nhung giai phap cap bach de thiic day dan chu hda va thuc hanh dan chu trong Dang va trong xa hdi.
Ddla:
- Nhung chuyen ddng dan chii d cac co quan lanh dao, quan ly, nhat la ddi vdi eac can bd chu chdt cd y nghia quan trgng ddi vdi ea tien trinh dan ehii. Do dd phai dac biet quan tam thuc hanh dan chii trong cac co quan cd tim quan trgng chien luge nay, dac biet d cae cap chien luge, d ddi ngii can bd chien luge, chu chdt.
Can phai dam bao tu do thao luan tranh luan, tim tdi chan ly, lang nghe va tdn trgng cac y kien khae biet vdi tinh than van hda dan chii, van hda khoan dung, lam sau sac cae luan cii, can nhac cae kha nang^.hinh dung rd eac he qua de cd du sang sudt tri tue, dan chii va trach nhiem xa hdi khi ra eac quyet dinh.
- Cu the hda ndi dung, quy tic, phuong phap giai quyet va cae dieu kien dam bao cho dan chii lanh manh thue chat, xung quanh van de tap trung dan chu trong Dang, trong Nha nudc, trong he thdng ehinh tri. Dd la quan he giira dan chii va tap trung. Lam rd nhiing chuan muc thuc
DIEN OANTU'TU'ONG-LY LUAN
hien va xir ly. Tap trung la dieu kien, la phuang thire cua dan chii, edn dan chii la muc dich, la dam bao cho tap trung khdng rod vao tap trung quan lieu, ddc doan chuyen quyen, ciing nhu dan chii khdng rod vao hinh thiic.
- Luat hda, the ehe hda mdi quan he Dang lanh dao, Nha nudc quan ly va nhan dan lam chii.
- Xiet chat ky luat, ky cuong, luat phap, xir ly nghiem minh eac vi pham, sai pham. De cao trach nhiem, che do trach nhiem, bdn phan, nghia vu, nhat la vdi cac can bd lanh dao, quan ly cac cap. Dieu le Dang la bd luat tdi cao ciia toan Dang, mgi dang vien phai thuc hien nghiem chinh, khdng cd ngoai le.
- Thi hanh ky luat Dang phai nghiem khae, nghiem minh hon nira de neu cao tac dung giao due trong Dang va neu guong trong xa hdi.
Dd la nhiing van de birc xuc can giai quyet, lam cho Dang trong sach, viing manh, ximg dang la mdt Dang lanh dao va cam quyen.
QUAN DIEM CUA HO CHI MINH.
(Tiep theo trang 30)
trong sach, viing manh, dap iing nhu cau phat trien eiia dan tdc ta va nguyen vgng eiia nhan dan ta. Cu the, phai nang cao ban linh chinh tri va trinh do tri tue ciia Dang;
kien toan va ddi mdi boat ddng ciia td chiic CO sd dang, nang cao chat lugng ddi ngii dang vien; thuc hien nghiem tiic nguyen tac tap trung dan chii trong Dang, tang cudng quan he gin bd giira Dang vdi nhan dan, nang cao chat lugng va hieu qua cdng tac kiem tra, giam sat; ddi mdi td chiic, bd may va cdng tac can bd; ddi mdi phuong thiic lanh dao cua Dang. Dac biet, trong nhiing nam tdi, chiing ta phai danh nhieu cdng siic tao dugc chuyen bien rd ret ve xay dung Dang, phat huy truyen thdng each mang, ban chat giai cap cdng nhan va tinh tien phong ciia Dang; xay dung Dang thue sir trong sach, viing manh ca ve ehinh tri, tu tudng va td chiic, doan ket nhat tri cao, gan bd mat thiet vdi nhan dan, ed phuong thiic lanh dao khoa hgc, cd ddi ngii can bd, dang vien dii pham chat va nang lire. Day la nhiem vu then chdt, cd y nghia sdng cdn ddi vdi Dang va sir nghiep each mang ciia nhan dan ta.
Trong dieu kien hien nay, de hoan thanh
nhiem vu each mang ve vang, giir vOng, \.Hd<Chi Minh Todn tap, C1:QG,W,200Q,
tang cudng sir lanh dao ciia Dang Cdng san T.l, tr.28
Viet Nam, cin rilp tuc tap trung lam tdt cae 2,4,5,6,7,8. Sdd, T.2, tr.267, 267-268, 280, cdng tac quan trgng da dugc Dai hdi X ciia 268, 268, 260
Dang neu ra, nham tiep tuc ddi mdi, chinh 3. Sdd, T.3, tr.35 ddn Dang, nang cao nang lire va siic chiln 9. Sdd, T.5, tr.550
diu ciia Dang, xay dung Dang thuc sir 10.5'^c?,T.12,tr.557-558.
46 TAP CHi LICH S L F O A N G - SO 12/2009
