/ ^ u a n ly mdi trudng dam bao can bang
!«^giira phat trien kinh te va bao ve nidi trudng la nhiem vu can thiet dat ra ddi vdi tat ca cac qudc gia tren the gidi trong dd cd Nhat Ban va Viet Nam. Nghi quyet Dai hdi lan thu' IX, X cua Dang da nhan manh: "Ket hgp hai boa giira phat trien kinh te - xa hdi vdi bao ve va cai thien mdi trudng theo hudng phat trien ben vung; Tien tdi bao dam cho mgi ngudi dan deu dugc sdng trong mdi trudng cd chiit lugng tdt ve khdng khi, dat, nude, canh quan va cac nhan td mdi trudng tu nhien khac dat tieu chuan mirc tdi thieu do Nha nude quy dinh".
Mac dii vay, viec quan ly mdi trudng, dac biet la quan ly mdi trudng dd thj cdn nhieu ban che: be thdng cac bien phap quan ly chua dugc xac lap day du va thuc hien ddng bd; Viec chap hanh cac quy dinh ve quan ly d nhiem mdi trudng ciia ngudi dan d khu vuc dd thi cdn thap. Dau tu cho quan ly mdi trudng tai dd thi ndi chung cdn thap ban so vdi dau tu cho cac ITnh vuc khac; Co che chinh sach cho cac hoat ddng bao ve mdi trudng cdn thieu; Cdng tac nghien ciru khoa hgc, irng dung cac cdng nghe san xuat sach ban, cdng nghe than mdi trudng chua dugc quan tam diing mirc. Tir tat ca nhu'ng ly do
Thac sT. Vien Nghien cuu Dong Biic A
NGUYEN THI NGOC
tren dat ra cho chiing ta bai toan lam sao de nang cao nang lire quan ly mdi trudng. nhat la mdi trudng dd thi Viet Nam? De giai bai loan nay qiia la cdng vice khd nen viec tiep thu, hgc hdi kinh nghiem tir cac nude phat trien tren the gidi trong dd cd Nhiit Ban la rat can thiet. Trong gidi ban bai viet nay, tac gia de cap tdi mdt sd giai phap nham nang cao nang lire quan ly mdi trudng dd thi Viet Nam tir kinh nghiem cua Nhat Ban.
1. Sir dung cac cong cu kinh te vao quan ly moi truong mot e a c h hop ly
Gidng vdi nhieu qudc gia cd nen kinh te thi trudng phat trien cao, cac cdng cu kinh te ma chinh phii Nhat Biin sii' dung de can thiep vao boat ddng biio ve va giu gin mdi trudng la thue, cac loai le phi va phi, cac khoiin vay, cac khoan trg ciip v.v... d diiy luu y tdi hai loiii cdng cu dugc sir dung phd bien d Nhiit Biin la thue va trg ciip tai chinh.
Trudc hei de ciip tdi thue. Thue dugc coi la cdng cu biio ve d nhidm mdi trudng hieu quii nhai d Nhat Biin va chiing duoc ap dung thdng nhiit tren pham vi cii nude. Dieu luu y la, ciing vdi cac d!.io luiit thue dugc ban hanh trudc day, trong nhung nam vira qua, Qudc hdi Nhat Biin da xay dung va ban hanh cac Diio luat thue mdi va sira doi cac Diio luiit thue cu cho phii hgp vdi chien luge biio ve
38 NGHIEN CUU DONG BflC fl. SO 7 ( 8 9 ) 7-2008
mdi iru'dng ciia Nhiit Biin trong the ky 21. chiing ta biei, cdng ty mdi trudng Nhiit Ban Chiing hiin, de khuyen khich viec xay dung dugc thanh lap each day 40 nam \di chirc cac doanh nghiep tai che phe thiii, nude nay ntmg kiem soat va giai quyci d nhiCm nidi da thdng qua diio luat "Khuyen khich cac co trudng tren phiii vi toan qudc. Day hi mdt sd tai che phe thiii" d dd cho phep giiim thue phuang tien de nha nude can thiep viio hoiil tdi da cho cac loiii tai siin cd dinh ciia cac ddng quiin ly mdi trudng. Sau day la nidi vi doanh nghiep tai che phe thiii; hay giiim du vc boat ddng ciui cdng ty niiy: dudi sir chi thuc; giiim cac giiii phap kiem soat dac biet d;.io ciia Chinh phii qua bd mdi trudng. cdng va gia hiin thdi gian uu dai thue cho cac ty nay da thuc hien mot loiit cac chuang trinh doanh nghiep xir ly nude cdng nghiep; hiiy xir ly va chuyen giiio cdng nghe d nhiSu dd tang thuc suai ddi vdi cac chii sd huu d td cu. thi NhiU Biin. Chang hiin xay dung cac vung hoac uu dai thue cho cac chii sd huu d td sir dem xanh dd thi (cac loiii cdng vien. vudn dung cdng nghe ciio de giiun thieu d nhiem; bach thii). cung ciip cac phuong tien xii' ly hay keo dai thdi hiin ap dung cac bien phiip nude thiii dd thi; hoiic thuc thi cac chuong giam thuc biit ddng san va thue van phdng trinh cho vay vdn vdi lai suiit thiip cho cac cho doanh nghiep lien quan ldi cac the nhan ddi tugng doanh nghiep. hd gia dinh .v.v. de ctia cac hoiit ddng niiy sir dung cdng cu va xay dung cac co sd xir ly phe thiii...v.v.
phuong lien xii' ly phe thiii ...v.v. Rd rang hi nhirng siic cp tii' phe thai ngay Dieu nhiin niiinh la, neu Irudc day Ciic sac mdt gia tang da budc Chinh phii Nhiit Ban ihue chii yeu hudng tdi "Phiil nang" ciic the chii y ban tdi hai loiii cdng cu nay. Dac biet nhan gay nhieu d nhiem thi ngay nay. vice hi khf thai lii' d td va nguy co d nhiem ngudn ban hiinh cac siic thuc mdi cdn nham tdi nude siich. Day cung la mdt bai hgc kinh khuyeii khfch ngudi ta phat trien nganh cdng nghiem qiiy mil Viet Nam cd the vim dung nghiep tai chc phe thai, phat trien cac loiii viio cdng vice quan ly d nbifim nidi trudng.
nhien lieu thay the, biio ve va khai thac nude bdi d nude la, did, xe may dugc sii' dung siich ...v.v. dang ngay cang gia tang va d nhiem ngudn Ddng thdi vdi cdng cu thue, trg ciip tai nude sach dang la viin di gay biic xiic ciia chfnh (trg giiip kinh te) cung dugc Chfnh phii cac cdng ddng dan cu dd thi. Day la hai loiii Nhiit Ban quan tam, sir dung. Trg giiip kinh viin de da va dang diit ra nhieu vice ma nha tc bao gdm nhieu khfa Ciinh nhu tai trg tii' quan ly mdi trudng phai ddi miit. d dd cac cdng ly mdi trudng Nhiit Biin thdng qua cac cdng cu thue va trg ciip tai chfnh ciin phai chuong trinh chdng d nbiSm, chuyen giao dugc quan tiim nhiit.
cdng nghe, cho vay vdn ...v.v. Cd le do tiinh Xem xet viin dc tren gdc do long the cho do phat trien kinh te cao nen mdt khoan ngan thiiy Viet Nam chiing ta cung da vim dung sach Idn tir Chfnh phii dugc cung ciip thdng hai loiii cdng cu nay dua tren nguyen tac qua cdng ty mdi trudng Nhat Ban. Nhu ngudi giiy thiet hiii ddi vdi mdi trudng phai
NGHIEN CCirU DONG B^C fl. SO 7(89) 7-2008 3 9
khiic phuc va bdi thudng thiet hiii; ap dung chfnh sach khuyen khfch thue. trg ciip cho cdng tac biio ve mdi trudng; khuyeii khfch ap dung CO che thi trudng trong viec chuyen nhugng. trao doi quyen phat thiii va trach nhiem xir ly"*. Bai hgc kinh nghiem ciia Nhiit Biin chi ra riing. cac giiii phap kinh te trong trudng hgp nay la thue va trg cap phiii dugc sii' dung kei hgp bdi nd mang tfnh phdng ngiia va ngan chiin ddi vdi nhung hiinh vi gay d nbi^m mdi trudng. Day la d'lixx hei sue quan trgng bdi chi phf cho phdng ngiia thiip hon chi phf de khiic phuc sir cd.
Va tfnh phdng ngti'a trong viec sir dung cdng cu kinh te tiio ra tam ly thoiii mai va tao ra y thiic biio ve mdi trudng cho.ngudi dan tdt ban.
2. Uu tien cac chuong trmh trong diem biio ve mdi triiirng
Nhu da ndi d tren. Nhiit Biui la qudc gia dd thi cho nen chfnh sach quan ly d nhiem mdi trudng ciia nude nay la viia chii trgng giai quyei cac viin de d nhi6m mdi trudng dd thi vira xii' ly cac viin de mdi trudng mang tfnh khu vuc va toan qudc. Sau day la mdt sd vf du minh hga chfnh sach nay ciia Nhiit Biin.
Thii' nhai la thuc thi chuang trinh chdng d nhiem mdi trudng khdng khf do thi bang each xay dung cac vting dem xanh. Cac vung dem xanh dugc xiiy dung d hai ben cac tuyeii dudng chfnh. cac khu giai trf dd thi, cac vung ciin dd thi...v.v. Muc tieu ciia viec xay dung cac vLing dem xanh nay la ngan ngira d nhiem khdng khf nhd do dim cu sdng d cac
' ' Sa khoa hoc Cong nghe moi truang. Bdo cao hien Irgng mdi Irudng I let Nam 2006
khu dd thi dugc sdng trong mdi trudng khdng khf trong sach ban. Chi phf cho chuong trinh niiy cho niim tai khda 2005 xiip xi 70.000 ty yen gap khoiing 7 lan so vdi niim 1996.
Thii' hai la ciii tiio mdi trudng nude, lam Siich cac ddng sdng va he thdng cdng ranh dd thi. Diiy la mdt chuong trinh mang tfnh xa hdi hda rai cao bdi nd dugc thuc hien tren phcim vi loan qudc vdi nhieu ngudi tham gia va chi phf dugc huy ddng tii' nhieu ngudn. ca tu nhan va nha nude. Chuong trinh mang tfnh thudng nien va dugc bat diiu tir nam 1996.
Vdi muc tieu la ciii thien mdi trudng nude, cac ddng sdng dugc nao vet bim, thay nirdc, ke chiin bd va liim siich nude true tiep thdng qua cac du an nhu "du an ciii tiio mdi trudng sdng" (nhiit la cac sdng chiiy qua cac dd thi);
du an "ciii tao nude hd d cac dd thi" cung dii dugc thuc thi lien tuc qua nhieu nam, bat diiu la nhu'ng hd Idn iinh hudng tdi mdi trudng ciia cac quiin, thi sau dd la cac hd nhd d ciic thi tran. Cac ho chira nude, cac con dap chiin xdi mdn tren cac sdng cung dugc diiu tu ciii tao.
Trong sudt thiip ky qua, ke tii' 1996 da co kboiing 500 du an thude chuong trinh niiy dugc thuc hien. He thdng cdng ranh dd thi cung dugc tap trung cai tao bdi ngudi Nhiit Biin nhan thii'c riing, he thdng nay giii' vai tro quan trgng va da dang trong viec nang ciio chiit lugng sdng d dd thi nhu xda bd nude biin rd ri, giii gin chat lugng nude ciia ciic con sdng chiiy qua dd thi, ciii thien mdi trudng sdng va gdp phiin tiio nen y thii'c xa hdi ciia cu dan sdng dd thi ve biio ve mdi
40 NGHIEN C(iru DONG BflC fl. SO 7(89) 7-2008
trudng. Cho den nay, chuang tiinh cai tiio va Dieu ciin nhan manh d diiy la. Bd Tai phat iricii he thdng cdng ranh d Nhiit Ban da nguyen Mdi trudng ciin xay dung mdt he cac budc sang ke hoiich thir 11 va chi phf binh chuong tiinh trgng diem vdi nhu'ng tieu chf quan cho mdi ke hoiich 5 nam len tdi ban phii hgp. Theo md hinh Nhiit Ban d day. cac 20.000 ti yen. Day la mdt sd tien khong Id va chuang tiinh trgng diem phiii dat trong chien kei qua la he thdng cdng ranh dd thi da dugc luge mdi trudng qudc gia va cac chuong hoan thien tren pham vi ca nude va gdp phiin trinh niiy phiii dugc chi tiei hda vii to chii'c to Idn viio bao ve mdi trudng d qudc gia nay. thuc hien quyei liet theo ke hoiich. cd dieu Va thii' ba la hd trg tai chfnh tii' ngan sach chinh theo cac ke hoiich 5 nam. kei hgp vdi Trung uong cho cac du an xir ly rac thiii rim. k'lim tra. danh gia. Va neu ciin mdi tu viin d nhi^m mdi trudng lien khu vuc vu khu vuc qudc te. trong dd uu tien mdi cac chuyen gia Hyogo. Ddng Biic Osaka va Ddng Nam mdi trudng Nhiit Ban. Chung ta da cd ke Osaka. Ddng nam Hokaida...v.v. Cac khoiin hoach mdi trudng qudc gia den ntim 2020 hd trg nay bao gdm cii diio tiio nhan vien ky song dieu quan trgng la ctin cu the hda ban thuiu. kiem tra - danh gia. nghien ciiu va va chu y tdi tfnh khii thi ciia cac chuong trieii khai ky thuat xii' ly.v.v. Dieu luu y ddi trinh niiy. Vdi ke hoiich du kien diiu tu ciia vdi cac loiii du an niiy la cac khoiin tai trg cii nha nude cho linh vuc niiy xiip xi 1 % GDP gdi, chii y tdi diic thii khu vuc hay cdn ggi hi lieu cd dii kinh phf de thuc hien ke Iioiich dai chii y tdi "tfnh dia phuang" ciia du an. Ngoai h;,in nay khdng? Day hi chi sd kha If thii bdi ra, Chfnh phii cung hd trg cho du an xir ly duang duong vdi muc ciia Chfnh phii Nhat nude thiii d hd dan cu va phan loiii rac thiii Biin diiu tu cho mdi trudng song ciin nhd rim ngay tiii nha cho cac hd dan sdng phan riing sd tuyet ddi ciia Nhiit Biin hi tuong tan tiii cac dd thi, chi tfnh trong nam tai khda duong 50 ty dd la cdn ciia Vict Nam la qua 2005. da cd 200.000 don vi hd dim loiii nay nhd be. Dieu nay cung cho chiing ta ggi y dugc tai trg. ning. hgc theo each thirc xay dung md hinh Kinh nghiem d diiy chi ra rang, nhirng viin cac cdng tiinh trgng diem ciia Nhiit Bim de mdi trudng dd thi birc xiic cd tac ddng nhung quy md va thuc hien chuong trinh hu xiiu tdi mdi trudng va neu xii' ly chiing se theo thuc luc ciia ta.
true tiep gdp phiin ciii thien dieu kien sdng 3. Tiing cu'dng dieu tra ngiiien ciiu, ciia ngudi dan ngay tire thi nhu cdng ranh. va xiic tien cdng nghe than thien mdi nude siich, rac thai gia dinh...v.v. dugc coi hi trudng
mot trong nhu'ng tieu chf ciin thiei di xep vao Cdng viec niiy Chfnh phii Nhi't Ban giao loiii du an uu tien. Thiei nghi bai hgc kinh cho mdt sd diiu mdi quan trgng. Chiing hiin nghiem nay thuc sir cd fch cho cac nha quiin Vien Nghien ciiu Mdi trudng Qudc gia ly mdi trudng Viet Nam va chiing la cd the (NlES), Vien nay dugc thanh lap nam 1974 van dung. tiii thanh phd Tsukaba va to chirc liii bd may
NGHIEN C(]ru DONG B^C fl. SO 7(89) 7-2008 4 1
\di quy md kha Idn viio niim 1990. Vien cd nhiem vu nghien cii'u. tu vaii quiin ly va xii' ly Ciic viin de d nhilm mdi trudng Nhiit Biin \i\
tham gia giiii quyei cac van de mdi trudng toan ciiu nham dap iing nhiing ddi hdi ve cdng tac quiin ly va ciii thien mdi trudng sdiig. Vdi mdt sd vien chii'c 489 ngudi. liim vice trong 50 bd phim nghien ciru. Hang nam. vien niiy thuc hien hon 100 de lai nghien cir bao gdm hang chuc van de khac nhau thuoc ITnh vuc nidi trudng. Chiing ban.
danh gia tac ddng ciia hgp chiit halogen tdi sue khoe con ngudi; d nhiem nude \'a d nhiem khdng khf d khu x'Uc dd thi va cac giiii phap khac phuc; cac phuong phap diinh gia tac ddng ciia hda chiit dgc hiii tir phe ihiii: co che dieu chinh nude ngiini \'a d nhiem diit...v.v.
NgOiii ra. dc diim biio muc dfch phiit trien ben \'ung. Chfnh phii Nhiit Ban khuyeii khfch ap dung cac cdng nghe than thien vdi mdi trudng. Sau day hi nidt sd dir iin phat trien cdng nghe dicii hinh. chiing hiin. du an phat irien cdng nghe ngung kei va sir dung hieu quii COT; phat trien cdng nghe siin xuiit cac chiit xiic tac than thien vdi mdi trudng; cac chiit liim gia tang tai trgng phat thiii mdi trudng; phat trieii cdng nghe siin xuiit cac chiit lam siich nidi; phat trien cdng nghe siin xuiit hydro than thien mdi trudng; chuong trinh hd trg nghien ciiu mdi trudng toan ciiu...v.v
Mdt sd nha nghien ciiii danh gia riing.
"Nhiit Biin hi mdt trong nhung qudc gia chii trgng diiu tu nhicni cho nghien ciru va trien khai trong Iinh vuc mdi trudng. va nude nay
cdn vugt Hoa Ky"'-'. Diiy hi die a rai dang quan tam bdi nhu chung ta biei. nhung tieii bd trong nghien ciiu co biin. Nhiit Biin thudng di sau Hoa Ky nhung trong ITnh vuc mdi trudng thi ngugc lai. Dieu niiy chi cd the ly giiii. ngirdi Nhiit Biin danh sir quan tiim cho biio ve mdi trudng Idn hon ngudi My.
Bai hgc kinh nghiem d day la Viet Nam ciin quan tam nhieu hon trong nghien ciru vii trien khai (R & D). bdi cac boat ddng biio ve mdi trudng sc cd can cir thuc tien va cd hieu qua hon neu nd dugc bat diiu bang cac cdng trinh nghien ciiu khoa hgc.
O Viet Nam. viec nghien cii'u xay dirng luiin cii' khoa hgc cho hoach dinh chfnh sach va chieii luge biio ve mdi trudng da va dang dugc chii trgng. Trong hon mdt thiip ky qua nhieu de tai nghien ciru khoa hgc ciip nhii nude da dugc giao \i\ thuc hien cd hieu quii.
So vdi Nhiit Ban sd lugng cac de tiii nghien ciiu khoa hgc mdi trudng ciia Vict Nam cdn qua ft. chua dap iing dugc yeu ciiu nghien ciiu ciia ITnh vuc nay. Ctin cd nhirng CO che. chfnh sach cu the ban tiv)ng \'iec khuyeii khfch nghien ciiu. iing dung cac giiii phap cdng nghe trong xir ly d nhiem. xir ly cac su cd mdi trudng. phat trien va iing dung cac Siin phiim than thien vdi mdi trudng. phiit trien ngiinh cdng nghe mdi trudng...v.v. quan tiim nhieu hon tdi vice diio tao ngudn nhan luc mdi trudng. diiu tu trang thiet bi mdi cho cdng tac nghien ciiu. danh gia tac ddng.
kiem tra. giam sat mdi trudng...v.v.
'•' Tdc giii phong van GS. TS I lua Ly tai lioj thao quoc te
"Huong to! cong dOng Dong A: Thikh thi'rc va trien vong"
da dan.
42 NGHIEN CUU DONG BflC fl. SO 7(89) 7-2008
4. Ket hiiin Thir hai. cdng tac quiin ly d nhiem mdi Tir cac giiii phap tren cd the rut ra mdt sd trudng d Viet Nam trong nhu'ng niim giin day diem ciin luu y sau: da dat dugc nhirng tien bd vugt biic. d dd mdi 'Thu nhe'd Id khi \kn dung bai hgc kinh trudng sdng ciia ngudi dan dd thi da dugc cai nghiem ciia Nhat Biin vao Viet Nam. nhung thien. Tuy nhien nhung biit ciip viin cdn tdn ngudi lam cdng tac quiin ly mdi trudng phai tiii. nhiit la nhiin thiic ciia mdt bd phiin cdng nhiin thiic rang, giua Vict Nam va Nhat Ban chiing chua cao. he thdng luat le va cac cdng cd khdng ft diem tuong ddng va cung cd cu. chfnh sach cdn thieu. chua ddng bd va nhieu miit khac biet. Trudc hei la tuong hieu qua chua cao. Dieu niiy tren thuc te lam ddng. rd net nhai la tuang ddng ve cdi ngudn suy giam nang luc quan ly d nhilm mdi van hda A Ddng; Ca hai nude deu bi anh trudng dd thi d nude ta. Va mac dii chiing ta hudng miinh me ciia van minh Trung Hoa. da cd chien luge biio ve mdi trudng de'n nam cLia Khdng giao. Bdi vay. tam ly nhin ngudi 2010 song tii' kinh nghiem ciia Nhat Biin va lai ngiim den ta, nhd nhe biio nhau, tdn ti triit mdt sd nude khac trong khu vuc cho thiiy, tir tir gia dinh ra xa hdi...v.v. trd thanh net dudng nhu chien luge nay ciin dugc dieu Viin hda truyen thdng va pho bien. Dieu nay chinh va siia ddi phii hgp vdi yeu ciiu phat cho ta ggi y rang, nhu'ng giai phap gan vdi trien kinh te hirdng tdi su ben vung trong truyen thdng, giao due va hoiU ddng tinh dieu kien gia tang hdi nhap kinh tc qudc te nguyen biio ve nidi Irudng mil ngudi Nhiit ciia Viet Nam. Trong khi dd, hoiit ddng quan Biin thuc thi, Vict Nam cd the ap dung bdi ly mdi trudng d Nhiit Biin da tien mdt budc nd de di viio Idng cdng chiing. riit xa so vdi Vict Nam va khdng giip nhu'ng Mdt tuong ddng nua hi ca Nhiit Ban va trd ngiii, tdn tiii nhu Viet Nam. Viin de dat ra Vict Nam deu thuc thi cac nguyen tiic ciia ddi vdi Nhiit Biin irong cdng lac quan ly mdi kinh tc thi trudng cho nen cac giai phap kinh trudng hi nang cao tfnh hieu qua ciia cac te, chiing ta cd the viin dung tir ngudi Nhiit cdng cu quan ly. tren co sd dd nang cao chiit Biin; lugng cdng tac niiy nhiim giai quyet triet dd Tuy nhien. cd nhung khac biet chiing ta cd ban nhirng thach thii'c trong hoiit ddng bao ve the nhin thiiy dd la trinh do phat then ciia mdi trudng va gia tang hgp tac qudc te ve Nhiit Ban cao ban ta. nhu'ng khac biet trong biio ve mdi trudng.
van hda va tinh ciim ciia ngudi Nhiit Biin Thu ha, cac giai phap nang cao nang luc ...v.v. Dieu nay hiim y liing. viec viin dung quiin ly d nhilm mdi trudng ciin phai dugc kinh nghiem ciia Nhiit Ban trong quiin ly d thuc hien mdt each ddng bd va vdi mdt Id nhiem mdi trudng vao Viet Nam can phai trinh phii hgp. Ciin phai luu y rang. Nhat Ban Iinh boat, xet ca d each thuc, quy md va Id di trudc chiing ta cii mdt thdi dai, hg hi nude trinh thuc thi cac giiii phap dd. cdng nghiep phat trien cdn ta dang irong qua trinh cdng nghiep hda song kinh nghiem ciia
NGHIEN C(jru DONG BflC fl, SO 7(89) 7-2008 4 3
hg trong viin d l nay mang tfnh tiem tien. ke thira va vugt ca yeu td thdi gian bdi vay Viet Nam cung nhu nhilu qudc gia dang phat trien khac cd the van dung. Viin de dat ra d diiy la ciin cd mdt quyet tiim chfnh tri cao hon tir cac nha boiicb dinh chfnh sach. kei hgp vdi mdt chuang trinh truyen thdng sau rdng dd nang cao nhan thii'c ciia ngudi dan.
nhiit la nhung ngudi sdiig d dd thi v l cdng tac biio ve mdi trudng.
Vd thu tu, cho dii cdn nhilu viec phiii lam song tir thuc te cdng tac biio ve mdi trudng cua Viet Nam trong nhung niim giin diiy.
cdng vdi viec thuc thi nhung giai phap da d l xuiit d tren. cd thd hic quan du bao ning.
nang luc quan ly d n h i l m mdi trudng dd thi Viet Nam se dugc gia tang va mdi trudng dd thi nhiit dinh se dugc ciii thien.
TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O
1. Ci^ic Moi trudng va Trung tam KTMTDT Vci KCN. (1999). De xueil cite giai phiip l(')ng the nhetm ngim ngira vet xir ly ei nhiem mi)i tnrirng thimh phi) Hit Ne)i. Ha Noi.
2. Ngo Xuan Binh (2002). "Diiu chinh chinh sach kinh te vT nio ciia Nhat Ban - khia canh khoa hoc cong nghe va moi trudng", Teip chi Nghien ciru Nhdt Bim vd De'mg Be'ie /'I, so 5 (41), tr. 10-16.
3. Nguyen Van Cu va nnk, (1988), Nghien citu su dung hgp ly liii nguyen nude dia plum Hei Nin, Ha Noi.
4. Nguyen Van Cu va nnk. (1999). Nghien ciru di' xuiil phuong hudng khai thdc teJng he/p
hdi se')ng He'>ng thue}c dia phdn Hd Ngi trong moi quan he vdi qiid trinh hien e1e')l le)ng ddn. Ha Noi.
5. Pham Ngoc Dang va nnk, (1998). Nghien ciru du hdo dien hien me')i trueing do tdc dirng cua phiit trii'n de) thi vd khu ceing nghiep den ndm 2010. 2020. de xuat cde giai phap hao if meii trirerng deii ve'ri thdnh phe') Hd Ne)i vd xe'ty dung ede du ein cai tgo meJi tririrng cho me)t khu ee'>ng nghiep, Bao cao de tai KHCN-07-11. Ha Noi.
6. Sd Khoa hoc va Cdng nghe mdi trudng Ha Noi. Bile) edo hien trang me'>i trudng thiinh phi) Hit Ne)i ciic ndm 2002,2003,2004,2005,2006, Ha Noi.
7. Shuntaro, 1 and Yasuda, Y. (1995), Nature and Hiimetnkind in the Age of Environmental Crisis, International symposium. International Research Center for Japanese Studies, pp. 275 - 280, Tokyo. Japan.
8. Wilfrido Cruz. Kazuhiko Takemoto.
Jeremy Warlord, (1998) Uhetn and hidiislrial Management in Developing Countries Tessons from Japanese Experience, WB.
9. Wilfrido Cruz, Kazuhiko Takemoto, Jeremy Warford (2002), Protecting The Global Environment Initiatives by Jeipanese Business, WB Insitute, Development Bank in Japan.
10. http://vvww.nea.gov.vn/htnil/congnghcnit /WEB/documents/HTCNMT.htm
11 .http://www.dost.hano.gov.vn 12. http://www.ciren.gov.vn
13. http://www.ageiida21 .monre.gov.vn 14. http://www.env.go.jp/en/
44 NGHIEN CUU DONG BflC fl. SO 7(89) 7-2008
