M O T S O B I E U C I l l M l C H I N H S A C H C U A U C R A I N A G I A I B O A N S A U K H U N G H O A N G T A I C H I N H V A
S U Y T H O A I K I N H T E T O A N C A U
TS. Nguyen An Ha
Vien Nghien ciru Chdu Au
1. Tac d o n g cua k h u n g h o a n g t a i c h i n h va suy t h o a i k i n h te t o a n cau t o i U c r a i n a
Trong nhung nam dau the k i 2 1 , qua trinh chuyen doi k i n h te thi truong va hoi nhap kinh te quoc te cua Ucraina da dat duoc nhidu thanh tuu. Tir nam 2000 den 2008.
kinh te Ucraina tang t r u o n g nhanh v o i toe do trung binh khoang 7% GDP/nam. T y le ngheo giam t u 4 7 % nam 2002 xuong con
12.3% nam 2 0 0 71. N e u nam 1999. GDP cua Ucraina giam x u o n g muc thap nhat. chi bang mot nira so v o i t h o i d i e m bat dau cai to nam 1991. thi den truoc khung hoang tai chinh va suy thoai k i n h te toan cau nam 2008. G D P cua Ucraina da khoi phuc bang v o i nam 1991. Cimg v o i toe do tang truong cao.
Ucraina tien hanh cai each k i n h te thi truong.
m o cua hoi nhap v o i k h u vuc va the giai va
dat duoc mot so thanh tuu quan trong nhu:
- G i a m dan ty le k h d n g thanh toan va doi hang trong nen k i n h te. t u nhan hoa cac doanh nghiep nha nuoc khdng hieu qua:
- Gia nhap W T O va thuc hien cac cam ket hoan thien the che k i n h te thi t r u d n g .
- T h o n g qua Luat Cdng ty cd phan gan v d i tieu chuan cua cac nude O E C D :
- Cho phep ngan hang nude ngoai hoat ddng. hdi nhap t h i t r u d n g tai chinh ngan hang v d i k h u vuc va the g i d i .
N h d nhung cai to nay. nen k i n h te tang trirong cao. d u t r u ngoai hdi gia tang, thu hut dau t u nude ngoai t u o n g ddi cao. giam manh ty le ngheo. d d i sdng nhan dan dupe cai thien.
' Theo chuan 5 USD tinh theo ngang gia siic mua PPP. Bao cao cua \VB. No. 55895-UA, 31 2010.
Jlldt so itieu ehtuh ehinh sdeh ciia QLcirulaa... 13
Bang 1: N h u n g c h i so k i n h te c h i n h (2000-2009)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 G D P t h u c 9.2 5.2 9,6 12.1 2.7 7,3 7.9 2,3 -15.1 te ( % thay
doi)
San xuat 14.2 7.0 15.8 12.5 3.1 6.2 10.2 -3.1 -21.9
cdng nghiep thuc te ( % thay doi)
C P i ( % 12,0 0,8 5.2 9,0 13.5 9,1 12,8 25,2 15,9 thay ddi)
T i gia 5,4 5,3 5,3 5.3 5.1 5,1 5.1 5,3 8.1*
U A H / U S D
Can can 3.7 7,5 5,8 10.6 2.9 -1.5 -3,7 -7,1 -1.6
I tai k h o a n
! hien tai i ( % G D P )
D y t r u1 3,1 4,4 6.9 9.7 19.4 22,4 32,5 31.5 26.5 ngoai te ( t i
USD)
F D I thuc 0,8 0,7 1,4 1.7 7.5 5,7 9,2 9,9 4,7
te ( t i U S D )
Can can -1,6 0,5 -0,9 -4,4 -2.3 -1,4 -2,0 -3,2 8.7 tai c h i n h
( % G D P )
No- cdng 38.6 36,5 29,0 24.7 17,7 14,8 12,4 20,1 34,7 ( % G D P )
G D P d a n h 38,0 42,4 50,1 64.9 86.2 107,8 142,7 182,0 113,5 nghia
T u y nhien, do nhieu bien ddng ve chinh tri trong giai doan nay nen: Ucraina chua co mdt chien luge chuyen d d i va hdi nhap nhat quan; Mac du nen k i n h te cd tdc dd tang trudng kha cao nhung chua ben v u n g ; O n dinh ve kinh te vT m d chua that su chac chan.
Theo danh gia chung, giai doan m u d i nam vira qua Ucraina phat trien d u d i muc tiem
Ghi chii: (*) - ti gid thi trudng.
Xguon: Tinh todn cua nhdn vien ngdn hang.
nang cua m i n h .
Tang t r u d n g trong nhung nam 2000 - 2008 chu yeu van dua vao nhung yeu td ben ngoai. T u 2000 den 2004, xuat khau ddng gdp chinh cho tang t r u d n g . Giai doan tiep theo den 2008, xuat khau tut giam. tang t r u d n g chu yeu dua vao tieu dung trong nude. C h i n h sach m d rdng tai khoa va thu
14 NGHIEN CtfU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N ° 0 4 (1 27).2011
nhap thuc te tang cung v a i bung no hoat dong cho vay tieu dung cua cac ngan hang thuong mai da k i c h cau trong nuac, dong thai cung lam cho n g nuac ngoai cua k h u vuc t u nhan tang t u 12.5 ty U S D nam 2003 len 86 ty U S D nam 2008.
M o t yeu to nua dong gop cho tang truong trong giai doan nay la gia ca tren t h i truong the giai tang manh. T r o n g giai doan t u 2001 - 2006. gia xuat khau cua tat ca hang hoa tren the giai tang 3 3 % . T r o n g giai doan 2004 - 2008. F D I vao Ucraina tang manh.
N a m 2004 m a i chi dat 1,7 ty U S D thi nam 2005 tang tai 7.5 ty U S D , nam 2007 dat 9,2 ty U S D va nam 2008 len 9,9 ty U S D .
Nen k i n h te cua Ucraina co muc do m o cua kha cao v a i ty le xuat khau nam 2009 dat 46.3% G D P va ty le nhap khau la 4 8 % G D P . Tuy nhien, muc do da dang hoa san pham thap. v a i han 5 0 % hang xuat khau tap trung vao mot so mat hang co gia t r i gia tang thap n h u k i m loai. ngu coc va cac san pham nong nghiep. con nhap khau chu yeu la nang lugng. V e ca cau dia l y . t h i t r u o n g xuat khau cua Ucraina chu yeu tap trung vao L i e n bang Nga. Tho NhT K y , Italia. Ba L a n , Belorus va L i e n bang Due.
Trong dieu kien hang hoa xuat khau chu yeu la ban thanh pham hoac co m u c do che bien thap. phu thuoc nhieu vao nang l u g n g trong k h i phai nhap khau nguyen lieu cung n h u nang l u g n g dan t o i hieu qua cung n h u
2 Bao cao ciia WB. No. 55895-UA 31/2010, tr. 10.
kha nang canh tranh thap. N a m 2009. ty le hang hoa che tao va may moc chi chiem 17%
hang xudt khau ciia Ucraina. T h i t r u o n g noi dia thieu t i n h canh tranh, v i vay k h o n g co dong lire d o i v o i cac doanh nghiep nham doi m o i cong nghe, nang cao nang suat.
Ro rang nen k i n h te Ucraina trong giai doan n h u n g nam dau the k i 21 con nhieu k h i e m khuyet va p h u thuoc rat nhieu vao eac yeu to ben ngoai.
K h u n g hoang tai c h i n h toan cau no ra ke t u k h i L e m a n Brother, ngan hang dau t u lan t h u t u cua M y v o i 158 nam ton tai phai tuyen bo pha san thang 9 nam 2008. Tiep do la phan u n g day chuyen gay nen sup do hang loat cac ngan hang. quT t i n dung, k h o n g chi 6 M y ma lan ra toan cau, sang ca cac thi t r u o n g c h u n g khoan, r o i t o i m g i nganh san xuat k i n h doanh cua cac quoc gia. Khung hoang tai c h i n h da t r o thanh cuoc suy thoai k i n h te t r a m t r g n g l a m suy g i a m t h u o n g mai, dau t u , gia tang ngheo d o i va that nghiep tren toan the g i a i .
H a n g loat cac tac dong tieu cue ciia k h u n g hoang tai c h i n h tren cap do toan cau, bao g o m : S u co rut t i n dung dot ngot lam cho t h u o n g m a i toan cau suy g i a m t a i 12% -
15% trong nam 2009; D a u t u F D I toan cau cung giam tir m u c 1,5 ngan ty U S D nam 2007 x u o n g con khoang 500 ty US 1 nam 2009; Cac no luc on d i n h tai chinh ch o m o i quoc gia l a m vao t i n h trang car, ng ve" ngan sach, gia tang n g nha nuoc. c
Jlldt id (Tieu (limit eli/tt/t sdeJi eua QLcrruiua. 15
nen k i n h te phat trien, tham hut ngan sach trong giai doan 2009 - 2010 len t o i hon 8%.
con n g nha nuac d u bao t u muc 7 5 % G D P nam 2008 len tai 110% G D P nam 2014.
Cung v a i sut giam cua thuang m a i toan cau.
cac doi tac chu chdt cua Ucraina cung lam vao tinh trang suy thoai k i n h te tram trong.
Lien m i n h Chau A u c h i u tac dong nang ne cua khung hoang k i n h te toan cau, nen nam 2009, kinh te E U tang t r u d n g - 4 % G D P . N h u nhan dinh cua U y ban Chau A u : "Khung hoang tdi chinh vua qua dd gay ra nhung tdc ddng ndng ne, dd quet sach nhung thanh tuu md EU dqt duoc trong thap ki vua qua, san lupng cdng nghiep cua EU tro led muc cua nhung nam 1990, 23 trieu ngudi hay 10%
ddn sd dp tudi lao dpng hi that nghiep "3. Lien bang N g a va hang loat cac nude SNG cung chiu tac dong het sue nang ne cua khung hoang, muc tang t r u d n g cua N g a la - 7,9% G D P . con trung binh cac nude S N G sut giam 7% G D P toan khoi. Ucraina la mot trong nhirng nude trong khong gian hau X o viet c h j u tac dong nang ne nhat cua khung hoang tai chinh toan cau lan nay. N a m 2009, kinh te cua Ucraina suy giam manh, - 1 5 , 1 % G D P , trong do san xuat cong nghiep giam 22,0%, xay d u n g giam 45,9%, van tai giam 48,0%; Xuat khau giam 3 7 % , nhap khau giam 4 4 % so v d i nam 2008.
3 EUROPE 2020 A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, Uy ban Chau Au 3/3/2010.
K h u n g hoang l a m tram trgng them nhung k h i e m khuyet cua nen kinh te Ucraina. T r o n g n h u n g nam dau the k i 2 1 . Ucraina su dung ty gia hoi doai gan chat dong tien cua m i n h v d i dong U S D . Cung v d i su de dai ve t i n dung quoc te trong giai doan nay. dong tien do vao Ucraina tang len da lam tang k h o i l u g n g tien dan t d i lam phat gia tang. T u nam 2004, ty le lam phat da v u g t qua 10% va den thang 5/2008 len t d i 3 1 % . Cho vay tieu dung de dai lam tang cau noi dia cung dan t d i tang t r u d n g nhap khau nhanh hon xuat khau, lam cho can can thanh toan tir muc d u a n g gan 11 % nam 2004 chuyen sang tham hut han 7% G D P nam 2008. T h a m hut ngan sach nam 2009 len tdi 8.5% G D P , n g nude ngoai len t d i 103 ty U S D dau nam 2009 tuang d u a n g 78% G D P so v d i muc 9% nam 2000, con n g cong tang t u muc 10% G D P trudc khung hoang len 3 5 % G D P nam 2 0 0 94.
Su gia hoa trong ca cau dan so cung la mot ganh nang cho ngan sach va la thach thuc l d n doi v d i su phat trien cua Ucraina trong giai doan t d i . V d i dan so 46 trieu n g u d i thi sd n g u d i ve h u u chiem t d i hon 14 trieu n g u d i , chi p h i cho he thong h u u t r i da tang tir 9.2% G D P nam 2003 len t d i muc 18% G D P nam 2009, m u c cao k i luc tren thd g i d i lam cho viec dn d i n h ngan sach t r d nen rat k h d khan.
T h u nhap b i n h quan dau n g u d i nam
4 Bao cao cua WB, No. 55895-UA 31/2010, tr. ii.
16 NGHIEN CU"U CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N ° 0 4 (127).2C (1
2009 giam x u o n g con 2.540 U S D so v a i muc han 3.500 U S D nam 2007. T y le ngheo tang len 16%. Ucraina clung t h u 110 tren the g i a i . v a i muc song bang 2 2 % muc b i n h quan cua E U va 4 0 % muc cua Nga.
M o t so ITnh vuc dang bao dong la hieu qua quan ly cua Ucraina xep t h u 72 trong so 131 nuac trong do yeu k e m nhat la the che, on dinh v i mo va hieu qua cua thi t r u o n g hang hoa ( D i e n dan Quan t r j toan cau - Global Management F o r u m ) . Ve m o i t r u o n g kinh doanh ( D o i n g Business Index) cung khong kha quan, Ucraina xep hang 142 trong so 183 nuoc, trong do cac chi so ve giay phep xay d i m g va nop thue dung vao hang ap chdt - t h u 181. Cac ITnh vuc khac n h u thanh lap va giai tan cong ty. dang k i quyen so huu cung n h u hoat dong ngoai t h u o n g cung xep hang rat thap. X e p hang ve tham nhung Ucraina d u n g a v i t r i 146 trong tong so 180 nuoc (Transparency International Oganization).
T o m lai, trong giai doan nhung nam dau the k i 2 1 . k i n h te cua Ucraina mac du tang truong v a i toe do b i n h quan 7% G D P , nhung tiem an nhieu rui ro ve on d j n h k i n h te vT m o , ve kha nang canh tranh cua cac doanh nghiep va phu thuoc manh vao cac yeu to ben ngoai.
2. M o t sd d i e u c h i n h c h i n h sach cua U c r a i n a giai d o a n h a u k h u n g h o a n g
N a m 2010 m d dau mdt giai doan U c r a i n bat dau dn dinh ve mat chinh t r i va nd luc day manh cai t d . v u o t qua khung hoang.
N g a y sau le tuyen the nham chuc ngay 25/2/2010. c h i n h quydn m d i eua tan Tdng thong Y a n u k o v i c nhanh chdng bat tay vao cdng viec chan h u n g dat nude. San xuat cdng nghiep va k i n h doanh dan dan phat trien. tinh hinh cang thang ve tai c h i n h da giam hot. thi t r u d n g lao ddng dang duoc k h d i phuc va sd n g u d i cd viec lam dang tang len. Ket qua la Ucraina da k h d i phuc dupe long t i n eua cac nha dau t u va cap t i n dung tren the g i d i .
U y ban Cai td true thudc T d n g thong da soan thao Chien lucre Cai td k i n h te giai doan 5 nam 2010-2014. N h u n g u u tien chinh cua chuong t r i n h nay la:
- Xac lap k h u o n k h d dam bao dn dinh k i n h te vT m d dai han;
- K i m g i u l a m phat d muc thap;
- O n d i n h tai c h i n h cdng va phat trien thi t r u d n g tai c h i n h ben v u n g hon;
- H d i nhap hieu qua v d i k h u vuc va the g i d i .
Bai viet nay phan tich mdt sd dieu chinh trong ITnh vuc k i n h te d d i ngoai cua Ucraina.
Tang cudng hpi nhap vdi khu vuc LTnh vuc k i n h te d d i ngoai dugc dac biet chu trong nham giam bdt su bat on dinh tir yeu td ben ngoai. tang c u d n g kha nang canh tranh va hdi nhap hieu qua v d i k h u vuc va the gidi. N h u n g van de trong ITnh vuc kinh te ddi ngoai dugc tdng ket trong chien lu< cai td k i n h t l giai doan 2010 - 2014 la:
Jllqt so itieu chinh ch/ith sdeh cdu QLcrruiua. 17
- T h i e u su chuyen ddi mot each he thong de hoi nhap hieu qua vao nen k i n h te the g i d i ;
- M u c do tham nhap cua hang hoa va dich v u cua Ucraina vao thi t r u d n g the gidi va k h u vuc con thap k e m , chua da dang hoa ve co cau hang hoa cung n h u co cau dia l y ;
- Chua tao ra n h u n g dieu kien can t h i l t de hoi nhap hieu qua v d i Lien m i n h Chau A u ;
- Chua phat huy duoc tiem nang cua Ucraina trong hop tac v d i cac nude S N G cung n h u cac doi tac thuang mai va cac td chuc khu vuc khac;
- Chua cd su hd t r a mdt each he thdng va hieu qua cho xuat khau t u phia nha nude;
- Viec thu hut va su dung cac ngudn luc t u ben ngoai hieu qua thap.
Nguyen nhdn chii yeu cua cdc van di tren day Id:
- Chua cd mdt chinh sach kinh t l ddi ngoai toan dien cua Ucraina tren co sd cac dinh hudng phat trien uu tien cua ndn kinh t l cung nhu chua hoan thien co c h i d i i u phdi cac hoat ddng hop tac trong k i n h t l ddi ngoai, dan tdi nhung mau thuan giua cac ca quan quan ly trong thai gian dam phan v d i cac ddi tac; Chua cd nhirng cai td ben trong phu hop vdi uu tien cua chinh sach kinh t l ddi ngoai;
Chua tan dung duoc cac co hdi d l tane cudng hdi nhap ciing n h u sir dung hieu qua cac cdng cu bao hd thuong mai.
- Cdn tdn tai nhieu rao can thue quan va phi thue quan trong ngoai thuong, cac qui dinh cung n h u co cau dieu hanh ben trong han che cac hoat ddng thuang mai qudc te, eac qui dinh ve tieu chuan k i thuat. chat luong hang hda. ve sinh dich te lac hau, thii tue hai quan khdng phu hop v d i thdng le qudc te lam han che su xam nhap cua hang hda va dich vu cua Ucraina ra thi t r u d n g the g i d i . lam ban che kha nang canh tranh cung nhu m d i trudng thu hut dau t u cua nen kinh te ndi chung.
- Dac biet ddi v d i ddi tac Lien m i n h Chau A u , nhung cai td mang tinh he thdng va hda hop luat phap v d i E U cdn rat cham. han che su hdi nhap cua Ucraina vao thi trudng thdng nhat E U cung n h u lam cho viec dam phan ve che dd mien thi thuc giua hai phia cham lai.
- Viec tien hanh cac thda thuan song phuong va da phuong trong khu vuc S N G nham thuc day hop tac k i n h t l theo khuon khd W T O chua duoc chu trong. Chua cd cac chien luoc va chuong trinh phat trien cu the vdi cac ddi tac quan trong d l cd nhung uu tien cu the va nguon tai chinh phu hop.
- Chua xay d u n g co c h i hgp tac giua nha nude, doanh nghiep va ngudi dan trong ITnh vuc h d i nhap qudc t l .
Tren ca sd phdn tich nhung yeu kem nhu vdy, Chinh phii dat ra muc tieu:
- Den cuoi nam 2012, k i k i t thoa thuan ve k h u vuc mau dich tir do v d i E U va hien
18 NGHIEN CLHJ CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N ° 0 4 (1 27).2011
dinh di lai mien thi thirc giua hai phia. ddng thai thirc hien cai to trong cac ITnh vyc nham phu hop v d i viec hinh thanh khu vyc mau dich t y do \ d i E U :
- Xay dung chuong trinh cac giai phap cu the nham hien thuc hda chien luoc phat trien kinh te v d i eac nude S N G den 2020. k i ket eac hiep dinh thuong mai t y do v d i cac nude SNG trong khuon khd luat dinh eua W T O ;
- Xay d i m g chuong trinh hop tac kinh te thuong mai dai han v d i Lien bang Nga:
- Chuan bi va tien hanh cac chuong trinh chien luoc nham thuc day hop tac kinh te thuong mai v d i cac ddi tac trien vong va cac td chuc lien ket kinh te khu vyc tren the g i d i ;
- Den nam 2014. hda hap han nua m d i truong phap luat va thu tuc hai quan v d i luat phap EU de thue hien cac cam ket ve t y do hda thuong mai;
- Xay dung cac hiep dinh t y do hda thuong mai v d i cac ddi tac quan trong;
- Thuc hien cac giai phap hudng t d i gia nhap vao cac nude O E D C .
Day manh tlui hut ddu tir true tiep nude ngodi
Ucraina cd nhung l o i the canh tranh trong viec thu hut F D I nhu: nhan cdng cd tay nghe cao va t u o n g ddi re, t h i t r u d n g tieu thu ldn v d i h o n 46 trieu n g u d i tieu dung, v i t r i dia ly thuan l o i . tai nguyen thien nhien phong
phu. ha tang kha phat trien.
K h u n g hoang tai chinh va suy thoai kinh te toan cau lam cho dau t u true tiep nude ngoai vao Ucraina suy giam; N a m 2007 - 7.9 ty U S D . nam 2009 giam xudng con 4.4 ty U S D . Hien nay Ucraina dung t h u 142 trong so 183 nude ve m d i t r u d n g kinh doanh ( W B D o i n g Business 2010), day la mdt yeu to khdng thuan l o i trong thu hut dau t u true tiep nude ngoai.
Nguyen nhdn cua nhung vdn de nay Id:
- Chua cd mdt m d i trudng kinh doanh hieu qua:
+ O n dinh k i n h te vT m d chua ben vung, he thdng dieu tiet bang cac chinh sach thue chua hieu qua. muc dd tham nhung cao;
+ Viec bao ve quyen led cua cac nha dau tu chua tot, Luat Dau t u chua phu hop v d i cac tieu chuan qudc te, co che hop tac nha nude - t u nhan chua duoc chu trong;
+ T h i e u vang mdt chien luoc toan dien cua qudc gia nham thu hut F D I ;
+ Chua cd n h u n g u u tien nham thu hut F D I cho nhung ITnh vuc quan trong cua neh kinh te, chua chu trong phat trien cac ca che dac biet nham thu hut F D I n h u k i n h nghiem thuc tien cua the gidi (vung k i n h te t y do.
cdng vien cdng nghe, k h u cdng nghiep v.v.).
C h i n h phu dat ra muc tieu xay d u n g nhirng co che hieu qua nham thu hut F D I , nham tao ra nhieu viec l a m m d i , hien dai hda
JILdt so (tieu (/unit (/mill sdcli cua Qlciraiim. 19
cong nghe cho san xuat va ha tang. T r o n g giai doan tai Ucraina can thirc hien cac nhiem v u sau:
- Tang c u d n g bao ve quyen l g i cua cac nha dau t u bang each hoan thien bo luat hgp tac va dau t u phu hgp v d i luat phap quoc te va dam bao sir m i n h bach va hieu qua trong viec van hanh ca che hgp tac nha nude - t u nhan;
- Xay dung mot chien luge thong nhat
hinh thanh nen cac v u n g lanh tho dac biet de phat trien cac ITnh vuc u u tien;
- Bao dam cung cap thong tin cho cac nha dau t u nude ngoai.
Day la nhung nhiem vu then chdt ciia nha nude trong ITnh vuc thu hut dau t u true tiep nude ngoai cung n h u cai thien mdi trudng kinh doanh trong nude.
Trong giai doan t d i 2012. Ucraina tap trung xac d i n h rd eac ITnh vuc can uu tien de thu hut F D I cung n h u xac dinh cac vung lanh thd de xay dung cac dac k h u kinh te. Tiep dd can to chuc lai eac ca quan quan ly nha nude nham tang c u d n g thu hut F D I .
K h d i ddng cac d u an xay d u n g ha tang cho cac dac khu k i n h te, thu hut cac nha dau tu qudc te l d n vao cac dac k h u thich hgp;
Tien hanh danh gia ket qua cua cac ca quan thu hut dau t u true tiep nude ngoai. Den het nam 2014: Hoan thanh viec xay dung ca sd ha tang cho cac dac k h u k i n h te; Danh gia ket qua boat ddng budc dau cua cac dac k h u nay, rut ra cac bai hoc k i n h nghiem de thuc
day hon nua hieu qua cua cac k h u nay. Hang nam dam bao muc tang F D I 0,5 ty U S D / n a m va den nam 2014 dua tdng sd F D I len con so 77 ty U S D .
Tom lgi, cung v d i nhirng dn dinh chinh tri dang ngay cang ciing cd d u d i su lanh dao cua T d n g thdng Y a n u k o v i c , nam 2010.
Ucraina da v u g t qua khiing hoang v d i muc tang t r u d n g 4,5%. T r o n g giai doan trung han.
v d i muc tieu hdi nhap vao Lien m i n h Chau A u . Ucraina se phai day manh hon nua nhirng cai each chuyen ddi cung n h u nang cao kha nang canh tranh cua nen kinh te.
Trien vgng tang t r u d n g kinh te Ucraina se phu thudc vao ket qua cua nhung cai each nay.
T a i lieu t h a m k h a o
1. W o r l d Bank. Report N o . 5 5 8 9 5 - U A , Strategic Choices to Accelerate and Sustain Growth, 31/8/2010.
2. Me>K/tyuapo/tHOH KOMHCCHH
He3aBHCHMMX 3KCIiepTOB, IJPEJJJK )/KEHMJ{
JJJIH VKPAHHhl: 2010 BPEMfl PE&OPM.
K n e B - 2 0 1 0 .
3. Vasyl Yurchyshyn, Scenarios for
economic and political developmentin the medium and long-run, Razumkov Centre.
K y i v , Ukraine, 6/2010.
4. HauHOHanbuoro HucTHiyra CTpaTerriHecKHx Hccjte/tOBaHHH.
yKPAMHA XXI BEKA, CTPATEIWI
PEOOPM H OBUUECTBEHHOH KOHCOJIHflAITHH, K y i v , Ukraine, 2010.
