Cong nghiep van hoa, cong nghiep sang tao va su lua chon mo hinh phu hop cho Viet Nam
Lai Thi Thanh B'mh<'*
Tom tSt: Trong hai thdp nien gan ddy, cdu chuyin thdnh cdng cua nganh cdng nghiep van hda (CNVH) tren phgm vi todn cdu da lam thay ddi ddng ki nhdn thuc vd cdch tiep can ddi vdi ngdnh kinh ti ndy d Viet Nam Tuy nhien, Viet Nam vdn cdn thiiu vdng mot bg khung ly thuyit hodn chinh vdphii hgp cho cdc chiin luge phdt triin lau ddi cua ngdnh CNVH trong thdi gian tdi. Trong do, viec phdt triin theo hudng la CNVH theo nhan thicc truyin thdng hay Id ngdnh cdng nghiep sdng tgo (CNST), vdn da dugc thica nhdn vdphdt triin tgi nhieu nude tren the gidi. Id mot vdn de cdn dugc xem xet thdu ddo nhdm hudng den mgt su thdng nhdt trong cdch tiip can vd tim kiim mot md hinh phdt triin phu hgp cho Viet Nam.
Tir khoa: Cdng nghiep vdn hda, Cdng nghiep sdng tao, Chinh sach van hda, Chien luge ngdnh cong nghiep van hoa
Abstract: In the last two decades, the success story of cultural industry on a global scale has significantly changed the perception and approach to this economic sector in Vietnam.
However, there's a dearth of a complete theoretical framework which is suitable for its long-term development strategies in the future. In particular, whether cultural industry is interpreted with a traditional mindset or as a creative one which has been broadly recognized in various countries, is a matter that needs thorough consideration towards a unified approach in pursuit of an appropriate model for Vietnam.
Keywords: Cultural Industry, Creative Industry, Cultural Policy, Cultural Industry Strategy
I. Khai niem ndm 1944. Nam 1998, trong bdo cao Vdn Cdng nghiep vdn hda hda. sdng tgo vd thi trudng, UNESCO Idn Thuat ngii CNVH dugc cho la xuat hien ddu tdn thanh khdi niem CNVH theo nghTa lan dau tien trong tac pham Bien chiing cita ddy la mdt linh vice cd nhiiu tiim ndng su khai sdng (Dialectic of Enlightenment) kinh ti. Tir dd ttd di, CNVH da trd thdnh cua hai ttiit gia ngudi Diic la Theodor W. mdt trong nhiing trpng tdm thdo ludn ciia Adomo va Max Horkheimer, xudt ban vdo UNESCO va dugc dua vao cac chinh sach v i phat trien kinh t i - xa hdi cua cac qudc gia va khu vuc. Khai niem CNVH mdi dav n ThS., Vien Thong tin Khoa hoc xa hoi, Vien Han ^ , ^ , ^ „ ; , „ ^ . WN v n moi aay lam Khoa hgc xS hoi Viet Nam;' " ^^^^^ UNESCO dua ra vao nam 2007, theo Email: [email protected] dd CNVH dugc hieu la cdc ngdnh sdn xudt
ra nhiing sdn pham vat the vdphi vat the vi nghi thuat vd sdng tgo, cd tiem ndng thuc idy viec tao ra cua cdi vd thu nhdp thdng qua viec khai thac nhiing gid tri van hda va sdn xudt nhirng sdn phdm vd dich vu dm vdo tri thicc (ki cd nhimg gid tri vdn hda hien dgi vd truyen thdng). Diim chung nhdt eua cdc ngdnh cdng nghiep vdn hda la no su dung tinh sdng tgo, tri thicc vdn hoa vd bdn quyin tri tue de sdn xudt ra cdc sdn phdm vd dich vu, ciing nhu nd mang gid tri van hda. Co cdu nganh CNVH dugc UNESCO gidi ban d 11 linh vyc gdm:
quang cao; kien tnic; giai tri ky thuat sd;
my thuat do cd vd thii cdng my nghe; thiet ke my thuat; phim anh va video; in dn xudt ban, am nhac, nghe thuat bieu dien; phat thanh tmyen hinh; vd phdn mem (mang ngi dung van hoa) (UNESCO, 2007: 11).
Khai niem nay cua UNESCO dugc coi la phil hgp vdi tieu chi va quan diem cua nhieu qudc gia, da ttd thanh co sd ly luan quan ttgng cho cac chinh phu va cac nha nghien ciiu trong qua trinh danh gid va hoach dinh chinh sach phat ttien nganh CNVH.
Cong nghiep sdng tgo
Ndm 1994, y tudng ve mgt nen kinh te sang tao hoac cac ngdnh cong nghiep sang tao (creative industries) lan dau tien xuat hien d Austtalia, ve co ban van dua tten khung thing ke danh cho CNVH, nhung nhdn manh den cdc yeu td sang tao ttong qua ttinh san xudt ra cdc san phdm van hoa. Theo do, viec thuong mai hda cdc sdn phdm mang tinh y tirdng, cd lien quan den van hda va nghe thuat, la tien de cho su hinh thanh cua nganh GNST. Khai niem nay nhanh chdng dugc thua nhdn, iing hd va dugc dua vao chien luge phdt trien kinh te ciia nhieu nude, ddn thay the cho quan niem CNVH tmdc do.
Theo quan diem cua UNCTAD (Hdi nghi Lien Hgp Qudc ve Thuong mai va Phat tiiin), CNST la cdc chu ky sdng tgo, sdn xudt vdphdn phdi hdng hod vd dich vu md su sdng tgo vg vdn tri thicc ddng vai trd la ddu vdo chinh; tgo thdnh mot tap hap cdc hogt ddng dua tren tri thicc, tap trung nhung khdng gidi hgn a cdc linh vuc nghe thuat, cd khd ndng mang lgi ngudn thu tic cdc hogt ddng thuang mgi vd sd huu tri tue. tgo thdnh mgt ngdnh kinh ti ndng ddng mdi trong thuang mgi qudc ti. UNCTAD phan loai cdc nganh CNST thdnh 4 nhdm chinh: (1) Nhdm ngdnh di sdn dugc xac dinh gdm hai phdn nhdm la cac bieu hien van hda tmyen thdng (cac nganh nghe thuat thii cdng, cac l l hdi va cac le ky niem) vd cac dia diem van hda (cac dia diem khdo cd, cae bdo tang, thu vien, ttien 1dm...); (2) Nhdm ngdnh nghi thuat gdm cac nganh nghe thuat thi giac (hdi hga, dieu khac, nhiep anh va dd cd) vd nghe thuat bieu dien (dm nhac, sdn khau, khieu vu, nhac kich, xiee, miia rdi...); (3) Nhdm phuang tien truyin thdng gdm xudt ban, tmyen thdng in an (sach, bao chi va cac an pham khac) vd nghe nhin (phim, truyen hinh, dai phdt thanh vd phat song khac); (4) Nhdm sdng tgo thuc dung gom: thiet ke (npi that, dd boa, thdi ttang, do trang sire, dd choi), cac phuong tien mdi (kien tnic, quang cao, vdn hda va giai tti, nghien ciiu vd phat trien, sdng tao ky thuat sd va cac dich vy sdng tao lien quan) (UNTAD, 2010: 6).
Dinh nghia ciia UNTAD da lam ro bdn chdt cua ngdnh CNST la mgt qua trinh thing nhdt ciia san xudt, phan phdi va tieu dimg, la t i hgp Idn cua hai qua ttinh van hdnh cdn ban: qua ttinh hinh thanh yeu td sang tao (ddu vao) va qua trinh san xudt, phdn phoi va tieu diing sdn pham sang tao (ddu ra). Ddy dugc xem nhu nen tang de
Thong Hn Khoa hpc xa hoi. so 11.2013
cac qudc gia dya vao do dua ra eae tieu chi x i p va phdn loai cdc nganh thudc CNST.
n . Cong nghiep v a n hda hay cdng nghiep sang tao
Xudt phat ban ddu tir quan diem ve nganh CNVH, den nay, nhieu nude tten the gidi da cd nhiing thay ddi mang tinh chien luge ttong phat ttien nganh nay, tiiy thudc vdo nhiing dac trung, the manh ciia rieng minh ciing nhu xu the phat trien chung ciia the gidi.
Tai Anh, nam 1997, khai niem CNST lan dau dugc de cdp den ttong chien luge phat ttien ddt nude nham thay the cho quan niem tmyen thdng ve CNVH tmdc dd, nhdm vyc day nen kinh te Anh va phii hgp vdi nhiing dieu kien qudc te mdi. Chinh phu Anh dinh nghia CNST Id nhiing hogt dgng bdt ngudn tu su sdng tgo. Ay nang vd tdi ndng cd nhdn, cd khd ndng tgo ra cua cdi vd viec Idm thdng qua viec tgo ra vd khai thdc sd hiiu tri tue. Chinh phu Anh xac dinh CO cdu nganh CNST gdm 11 ITnh vyc:
quang cao; kien tnic; thi trudng nghe thuat va dd cd; thu cdng; thiet ke; thdi ttang;
phim, video vd nhiep dnh; dm nhac, nghe thuat thi giac va nghe thuat bieu dien; xuat ban; phan mem, cac ttd choi may ti'nh vd xuat ban dien tii; tmyen hinh va phat thanh (Dan theo: Pham Bich Huyen, Dang Hoai Thu, 2014: 16).
Nhdt Ban va Han Qudc, bai qudc gia cd nganh CNVH phat trien manh me trong vdi thdp nien qua, gdn ddy ttong chien luge phat trien nganh CNVH da tap trung chii yeu vao ITnh vyc ^^cdng nghiep ndi dung - content industties" tiic la qua trinh sdn xudt, luu thdng cdc san phdm vdn hda dya vao nhung thanh tyu ciia cdng nghe thdng tin va ky thuat sd. Khai niem "Cdng nghiep ndi dung" khdng phai de thay the khdi niem
"Cdng nghiep vdn hda" ma la the hien ttpng
tam cua CNVH hien nay. Ddy cd thi coi la mdt dang "CNST" kiiu Han Qudc va N l ^ t Ban chii khdng phai rap khudn theo kieu
"CNST" theo each hiiu cua Anh (Pham Hdng Thai va cdng sy, 2017: 41).
Tai Dai Loan, thuat ngtr "CNVH" lan dau tien dugc tiiira nhdn chmh thiic trong chinh sach phat ttien q u i c gia Dai Loan nam 1995, d i n nam 2002, ngdnh cdng nghiep ndy dugc dinh danh lai la Cdng nghiep vdn hda vd sdng tgo (Creative and cultural industties). Khai niem nay dugc sir dung chinh thiic va phd bien d Ddi Loan tir dd din nay. CNVH va sang tao dugc Dai Loan dinh nghTa la ngdnh dugc hinh thdnh vd hogt dgng tic viec tich luy sdng tgo hogc vdn hda, thdng qua sd hiru tri tue cd tiem ndng tgo ra cua cdi vd co hgi viec lam ciing nhu thiic day to chdt tinh thdn cua todn ddn, ndng cao mdi trudng song ciia ngudi ddn (Theo: Trdn Thi Thuy, 2019: 62). Dinh nghia nay ve co bdn kha gidng vdi quan diem CNST cua Anh, deu nhdn manh yeu td sd huu tri tue, tao ra gia tti vat chat va giai quyet vdn de viec lam cho ngudi ddn.
Chinh phil Dai Loan xdc dinh CNVH va sang tao gdm 15 nganh ndm trong 4 nhom:
(1) Nhdm cdc ngdnh cdng nghiep nghe thuat: Nghe thuat thi giac; Am nhac va Nghe thuat bieu dien; iTng dung di san van boa va cdc co sd trien lam, bieu dien; Nghe thuat thii cdng. (2) Nhdm cdc ngdnh cdng nghiep truyin thdng: Dien anh; Phat thanh vd truyen hinh; Xuat ban; Quang cao; Cdng nghiep ndi dung vdn hoa va dm nhac dai chung. (3) Nhdm cdc ngdnh cdng nghiep thiit ki: Thiet k i kiin tnic; Thiet k i hinh t m y i n thdng tiii giac; Xdy dyng tiiuong hieu va thiet ke thdi trang; Thiit k i san phdm; Cuoc s i n g sang tao. (4) Nhdm cdng nghiep ndi dung sd: Cdng nghiep ndi dung sd (Pham Hdng Thdi va cdng sy, 2017: 36).
Trung Qudc da sdm phan tach boat dpng van hda thanh "su nghiep van hda" va
"cong nghiep van hda" (hay cdn ggi la sdn nghiep van hda). Theo dd, "sy nghiep van hoa" la nhung boat ddng van hda mang tinh cong ich, dam bao quyen hudng thy van hoa cua ngudi dan, gan vdi he thdng dich vu van hoa cdng cdng, cdn "sdn nghiep van hoa" la nhiing boat ddng mang tinh kinh doanh gan vdi cdc nganh nghe chiu sy chi phoi ciia thi tmdng van hda. Co cdu cua san nghiep van hda d Tmng Qudc dugc thi hien nhu sau: (1) Nhdm ngdnh nghi cdt loi bao gdm cac nganh nhu: thdng tin, xudt ban, dien dnh, tmyen hinh, bieu dien nghe thuat, vdn hda qudn chiing...; (2) Nhom ngdnh nghi ngogi vi bao gdm cac ngdnh nghe mdi noi nhu: mang Internet, giai tti, du lich van hda, quang cao, ttien lam...; (3) Nhom ngdnh nghe lien quan bao gdm cac nganh nghe san xuat va cung cap thiet bj van boa, cdc nganh dich vy van hda (Chii Bich Thu, 2015).
Co the thay, Trung Qudc vdn ed quan diem de ddt hon trong chinh sach phdt ttien nganh CNVH, the hien qua viee phan chia nhom nganh nghe cdt loi dugc xac dinh thupc sd hiru nha nude, do Nhd nude quan ly va nhom nganh nghe ngoai vi va nganh nghe lien quan thudc cac chu sd hiiu da dang hon. Diiu nay ciing xuat phdt tir sir phat trien mang nhieu net dac thii cua CNVH Tmng Qudc ttong bdi canh ddi song tu tudng - van hoa la ITnh vyc dugc coi la cdn nhieu nhay edm.
Cdn cii vao each tiep can cua cae qudc gia neu tteu, cd thi thay CNVH Id mdt khdi niem md, va dugc nhin nhan d moi nude moi khac tiiy vao dac diem va bdi canh phat ttien ciia timg nude. Cd ve nhu mdt chien luge chinh sach tiep can theo hudng la nganh CNST se tap tmng chii yeu vao
gia tti kinh ti do nganh nay tao ra, ttong do nhan manh vao sy sang tao ca nhdn, sy ddi mdi, nhiing ky xao, ky ndng trong viee kham pha tinh da dang eua tti thirc. Cdn niu y tudng vi CNVH dugc thira nhdn, thi dac tinh van hda va cac yiu to tmyin thing lai dugc nhdn manh hon dac tinh sang tao.
Day la mot thach thiie Idn dat ra ddi vdi cac nhd quan ly vd hoach dinh chinh sdch la lam the ndo de cd mdt chinh sach phat triin mdt ngdnh cdng nghiep cd thi cdn bdng giiia hieu qua kinh te va gia tti vdn hoa.
Nghien ciiu cua Vii Diic Thanh, Hoang Khac Lich (2016) dan quan diem cua hai nha nghien ciiu S. Galloway va S. Dunlop cho rdng, khong the nhdm Idn, danh ddng hai khai niem "van hda" va "sang tao", cdc sdn pham van hda ciia nganh CNVH cdn phai dat muc tieu tmyen tdi gia tri van hda, bieu trung sdu sac len hang dau, ttong khi cac san pham CNST lai thudng hudng den muc tieu chinh Id gid tri kinh te vd lgi nhuan. Cdc tac gia ciing dan quan diem ciia D. Thorby cho rang, viec gdp chung, hoac sir dung hai khai niem nay mgt each tuong duong co the ddn din nhiing sai sdt ttong hoach dinh, thyc tbi nhiing chinh sdch phat ttien CNVH.
Viec khdng thdng nhat ve khai niem va khung phdn loai da gdy nhieu bdt cap cho viec thdng ke cac du lieu dinh lugng, khien cho cac con sd thu thdp dugc d mdi nude moi khde, khdng phdn anh dung thyc ttang eua nganh cdng nghiep nay. Dieu nay da gdy nhiiu ttd ngai cho viec tu vdn chinh sach cua cac td chire qudc te ciing nhu viec hoach dinh chinh sach cua cac chinh phu. Nam 2008, UNCTAD da di tien phong trong viec do ludng thuong mai vdn hda tten toan cdu, tir goc do nganh kinh te sang tao. Mac dii da thiit lap dugc mdt tieu chudn danh gia nen kinh ti sdng tao d cac nude, va mac du viec thu tiidp dir lieu da dugc thyc hien tren toan
Thong Hn Khoa hpc xa hoi. so 11.2013
the gidi, nhung sy thieu thong nhdt ttong viec xac dinh co cdu ITnh vyc CNVH bay CNST ciia cac quoc gia ciing khiin cho viec thdng ke cd nhieu bat cap.
Nam 2009, UNESCO da dua ra Khung thdng ki vdn hda (PCS) - mdt cong cu de td chiic sdp xep sd lieu thdng ke d ca cdp qudc gia va qudc te, dya tten mot nen tang khai niem va sy hieu biet vdn hda chung, cho phep do ludng mdt pham vi rdng Idn cac bieu dat van hda khdng phdn biet the che kinh te vd xa hdi tao ra chiing. Thdng qua cdc dinh nghia chuan, nd cho phep tao ra dii lieu so sanh mang tinh quoc te (UNESCO, 2009). UNESCO ciing nhdn manh khung hdnh dpng mdi se gidi quyet nhiing tranh luan ve vdn de "van hda" vd "sdng tao" bdng each ddt mdt sd nganh sdng tao dac thii nhu thiet ke va quang cao thanh mdt ITnh vyc van hoa rieng biet. Ngoai ra, khung van hda mdi ndy ciing hudng tdi tinh linh boat va khdng bai trir, nhung vdn thiic ddy tinh so sanh tuong quan. Khung van hda cimg giiip cac qudc gia cd the ty xay dyng khung thdng ke van hda cua rieng minh (UNESCO, 2009).
Mac dii vay, khung phan loai nay ciia UNESCO van dugc cho la can phai cd nhirng thay ddi de phu hgp vdi xu hudng phat trien mdi, khdng ehl don thudn mang lai sy thuan tien cho viec thdng ke dii lieu, ma cdn xuat phat tir sy hieu biet sdu sac hon ve nhung thdng tin can thiet de xdy dung nen nhiing tieu chi danh gia hieu qud nganh CNVH (CNST) d cac quoc gia.
III. S y lya chpn md hinh cho Viet Nam Ci Viet Nam, nam 2014, lan dau tien cum tir CNVH mdi xudt bien ttong van kien ciia Ddng Cdng san, dd la Nghi quyet Hpi nghi Trung uong 9 khda XI. Theo dd, phat trien CNVH dugc Nghi quyet dat ra la mot trong ndm muc tieu phat ttien trong giai doan mdi ciia ddt nude.
Trong Chiin luge phdt triin cdc ngdnh CNVH Viet Nam din ndm 2020, tdm nhin din ndm 2030 dugc Chinh phu phe duyet ngay 08/9/2016, CNVH dugc dinh nghia la: "cdc ngdnh sdn xuat san phdm, dich vu van hda bdng phuong thiic sdn xuat cdng nghiep; phat ttiin dya tren sy sang tao, khoa hgc, cdng nghe va bdn quyin tri hie;
khai thac tdi da y i u td kinh t i cua cac gid tti van hda". Ca cdu ciia CNVH Viet Nam gdm cd: (1) Quang cdo; (2) Kiin tnic; (3) Phdn m i m va trd choi giai tri; (4) Thu cdng my nghe; (5) Thiit k i ; (6) Dien dnh; (7) Xuat bdn; (8) Thdi trang; (9) Nghe tiiuat biiu dien; (10) My thuat; (11) Nhiep dnh vd Triin lam; (12) T m y i n hinh va phat thanh; (13) Du lich van boa (Thu tudng Chinh phu, 2016). C o cdu ngdnh CNVH nay dd bd sung nhieu nhdm nganh thudc ITnh vyc "sdng tao" so vdi nhung de xuat trudc ddy.
Thuat ngir CNST chua dugc thira nhan ttong cdc van ban chinh thiic d Viet Nam, nhung nhieu nha nghien ciiu hien nay da tiep can van de nay tir gdc do nganh CNST (vdi nhieu nghien eiiu ca dinh tinh vd dinh lugng, khang dinh cai ggi la "nganh CNST"
d Viet Nam la mot ngdnh kirih te tiem nang nhdt ciia dat nude hien nay).
Nhin chung, viec tiep can mot md hinh theo hudng nganh CNST da ttd thdnh xu hudng lya chgn ciia nhieu qudc gia tren the gidi. Nghien cuu eua Phan T h i Cong (2015) da chi ra, phdt ttiin kinh t i sang tao se la mdt gidi phdp hop ly d i i vdi kinh te toan cau hien nay. Kinh t i sang tao cd the gop phdn thiic ddy tdng trudng vd thinh vugng, dac biet d i i vdi cac nude dang phdt ttien dang tim each da dang n i n kinh te. Nhin ra t h i gidi, mite dp ddng gdp ciia nganh CNST da chiim mdt ty le Idn trong GDP ciia nhieu nude va cd xu
hirdng tang deu hang nam. Chang ban nhu d My la hon 11%; Australia la 10%; Han Quic: 8,67%; Tmng Qudc; 6,41%; Nga:
6,06%;... Da den liic nen kinh te Viet Nam cdn tiep can manh me ban va toan dien hon nhiing ludng y tudng hang dau ve xu thi dii mdi, sang tao tren the gidi, nhdm tim kiem mdt vi tri xiing dang ttong nen kinh te sang tao toan cdu.
Nhd nghien cim Nguyen Van Hy (2013) timg dat vdn de: Phdi nghien cuu xdc dinh ro rang, cy the md hinh ciia cai ggi la CNVH ma nude ta cdn phat trien ttong thdi gian tdi. Se phat ttien theo md hinh CNST d Anh va mdt si nude tren the gidi dang 1dm, hay theo mot md hinh khac do chinh Viet Nam vach ra cho phii hgp vdi tinh hinh thyc te ciia dat nude? Them niia, cd nen phat trien nganh CNVH vdi tinh each nhu mdt nganh van boa rieng, dgc lap song song ciing vdi
"cac nganh sy nghiep vdn ed Idu nay cua nganh van hda" hay khdng? (Nguyen Vdn Hy,2013).
Can cii vao tinh hinh the gidi vd bdi cdnh Viet Nam, nghien ciiu cua Le Qudc Vinh dd de xuat mdt Chien luge phat trien CNVH d Viet Nam, tten co sd bd sung va md rdng pham vi thanh Chiin luge phdt trien CNST, tap trung hon niia vdo cac giai phdp phat trien gia tri gia tang va thiic ddy kinh doanh, thuong mai ddi vdi eae san phdm sdng tao va van hda. Ngoai ra, can phdi xdc dinh rd mot CO quan quan ly nha nude ve CNST. Vd ca quan nay, niu dat ttong Bg Van hda. The thao vd Du lich, thi ciing can bd sung them cac ca quan cd khd nang bao quat cac nganh hien khdng ndm ttong pham vi quan ly eua Bp, dong thdi cdu tnic lai nhiem vy de ddt van de quan ly lay kinh te 1dm trung tam (Le Quic Vmh, 2015).
Tren thyc ti, khai niem CNST da dugc Hgi ddng Anh dua vao Viet Nam tir ndm
2008 thdng qua su kien "Thanh phi sang tao", vdi mong mudn tmyin tai nhiing thdng diep mdi va nhiing kinh nghiem vi sy phat triin nganh cdng nghiep nay d Viet Nam. Tu do den nay, Hdi ddng Anh da td chiic nhieu hgi thao nhdm ndng cao nhdn thite ve ngdnh CNST, tiin hanh nhiiu du an hd trg cho cac boat dgng ciia cac to chiic va cd nhan thyc hdnh trong ITnh vyc nghe thuat, vdn hda va sang tao. Chdng han nhu viec hgp tac vdi Vien Vdn hda Nghe thuat Qudc gia Viet Nam thyc hien Dy an Khdng gian vdn hda sdng tgo cua Viet Nam. Dy dn da dua ra dugc mot khudn khd ly thuyit nham ndng cao nhdn thiic d Viet Nam ve cai ggi la khdng gian vdn hoa sang tao - mdt trong nhiing yeu td quan trpng thiic day sy phat trien ciia nganh CNST d Viet Nam. Thang 11/2018, Hdi thao "Vai trd cua cac khdng gian van hda sang tao trong nin kinh ti sang tao Viet Nam" ndm trong khudn khd dy an nay da dugc td chiic nham gidi thieu mang ludi cac Khdng gian sdng tgo Vdn hda tgi Viet Nam va tao ra nhiing ddi thoai xoay quanh vai trd ciia mang ludi nay trong viec phdt trien nen kinh te sang tao ciia Viet Nam.
Hdi ddng Anh ciing la co quan hd trg tu van chinh cho Chien luge phat trien cac ngdnh CNVH Viet Nam din nam 2020, tdm nhin din nam 2030. Ban tham vdn ve chiin luge ma hg dua ra dugc thiic ddy bdi mdt tdm nhin duy nhdt: de Viet Nam ttd thdnh mdt tmng tdm Idn va nude ddn dau thi tmdng CNVH d Dong Nam A vao ndm 2020, la mot nin kinh te sang tao dugc thua nhdn tten toan cau vao nam 2030 (British Council, 2018).
Mdi day, Hdi dong Anh tai Viet Nam da hgp tdc cimg Dai hgc Leicester, Vuong qudc Anh vd Hanoi Grapevine triin khai cdng tac nghien ciiu va thu thap dii lieu
44 mong nn nnua nwi JI ..2013
phyc vy viec thiet lap Danh bg cdc ngdnh CNST ciia Viet Nam. Danh ba se dugc tao ra dudi dang mdt cdng thdng tin dien tir, chia se nhiing thdng tin co ban ve cac cdng ty, doanh nghiep xd hdi va cac td chiic hoat ddng ttong mudi b i n ITnh vyc thupc cdc nganh CNST dugc lya chpn dya theo dinh nghTa cua Vuong qudc Anh va bdi canh Viet Nam. Ngoai ra, cdng thdng tin ciing cd nhiing danh gia ve miic do ddng gdp vao n i n kinh t& va tiem ndng tang tmdng cua nganh nay d Viet Nam-
Mot ddng thai mdi nhdt cua Viet Nam nhdm hdi nhdp vdo nen kinh te sdng tao toan cau la viec thdng 6/2019 thanh phd Ha Ngi da nop hd so iing cii vao Mgng ludi cdc thdnh phd sdng tgo cua UNESCO ve ITnh vuc thiit k i . Va ngay 30/10/2019 vira qua, Ha Ndi da chinh thiic dugc UNESCO ghi danh vdo Mang ludi nay.
Ket luan
CNVH hay CNST khong hdn chi la vdn de ten ggi, ma Id ham y muc tieu chinh sach phat ttien nganh cong nghiep nay cua mdi quoc gia. Trong bdi canh ma nganh CNVH d Viet Nam mdi dugc dinh hinh, van dang do dam nhiing budc di ddu tien, thi each tiep can nhu hien nay cd the la phii hgp.
Nhung trong tuong lai se can phai hudng den mot cdch tiep can nhdt qudn vd ro rang hon nhdm xdy dung dugc mot md hirih khong chi phii hgp vdi bdi canh Viet Nam, ma cdn phai bdt kip dugc vdi xu the phat ttiin chung cua the gidi •
Tai lieu tham khao
1. British Council (2018), Tdi lieu hdi thdo: Vai trd cua cdc Khdng gian Vdn hda Sdng tgo trong nen Kinh te Sdng tao Viit Nam, https ://www.britisbcouncil.
vn/sites/default/files/tai-lieu-hoi-thao- khong-gian-van-hoa-sang-tao-2018 .pdf
2. Phan T h i Cdng (2015), "Phat trien cdc ngdnh cdng nghiep sang tao d Viet Nam trong b i i cdnh hdi nhdp quoc te", Tap chi Khoa hoc vdXd hdi Viet Nam, sd 1 (86).
3. Pham Bich Huyin, Dang Hodi Thu (2014), Gido trinh Cdc ngdnh cdng nghiep vdn hda, Nxb. Lao ddng.
Ha Ndi.
4. Nguyin Van Hy (2013), "Tim hiiu them v i cdng nghiep sdng tao va cdng nghiep van hda", Tap chi Nghien cuu Vdn hod, sd 3.
5. Pham Hdng Thai va cdng sy (2017), Su phdt triin cua cdng nghiep vdn hda d cdc nude Ddng Bdc A vd tdc dgng den Viet Nam, Be tai Vl.2-2012.12, Vien Han 1dm Khoa hgc xa hdi Viet Nam.
6. Vu Diic Thanh, Hoang Khde Lich (2016), "Cdng nghiep van hda", Tgp chi Ly ludn chinh tri, sd 7.
7. Chir Bich Thu (2015), "Chinh sach phat trien cdng nghiep van hda cua Trung Qudc", Tap chi Nghien ciiu Trung Qudc,s6 10(170).
8. Tran Thj Thuy (2019), "Nganh cdng nghiep van hda va sang tao Dai Loan:
khai niem va vai trd", Tap chi Nghien cuu Trung Qudc, sd 1 (209).
9. UNESCO (2007), Statistics on cultural industries: Framework for the Elaboration of National Data Capacity Building Projects, http://portal.unesco.
org/culture/en/ev
10. UNESCO (2009), Khung thdng ke vdn hda UNESCO2009,hnp://vmw.unesco.
org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/
F I E L D / H a n o i / i m a g e s / F i n a l % 2 0 FCS%2Vietnamese.pdf
11. UNCTAD (2010), Creative economy report 2010, https://unctad.org/en/
Docs/ditctab20103_en.pdf
