THUC TIEN-KINH NGHIEM
BUOC CHUYEN D 6 I CUA DU LICH KHANH HOA TRONG THOI KY Ddl NOI (1986-2005)
NGUYEN THI KIM HOA
K
hinh Hda la mdt tuih ven bien Nam Trung bd, cd dien tich ty nMen 5.197km^, dae diem dia Mnh da dang; rimg niii chiem 70% dien tich dat tii nMen, tiii lugng khai tiiac gd ldn va ngudn ddng thyc vat phong phu; II noi tiiuan tien ve giao thdng: dudng sit, dudng bd, cang Men, hang khdng; kM hau dn hda. Trai qua nMeu tiling tiam cua lich su, vimg dat nay van bio luu dugc nMeu di tich lich su, van hda tieu bieu (din da, thIp, dinh, chiia, le hdi).... Cd the ndi, dieu kien de phit tiien kinh te, nhat II kinh te du lich d Khinh Hda het sue thuan lgi.Sau ngiy giai phdng mien Nam, thdng nhat dat nude (1975), UBND tinh (Phu Khinh) da tiuc tiep cM dao hoat ddng cua nganh du lich.
Tuy nMen, van hinh Uong co che bao cap, quan niem ve djch vu dugc Meu theo nghia hep, nang ve phan phdi luu thdng; ddi sdng nhan dan sau cMen franh cdn nMeu khd khan; co sd vat chat du lich ngheo nin..., do vay, cIc hoat ddng du Hch mdi cM phit huy Meu qui tiong mdt chimg mye nhat djnh: vdi chuc nang chu yeu la nMem vu giao te, tiep ddn cac doin khich cua Dang, Nha nude; can bg di cdng tie, nghi dudng...
' Sd Giao due va Dao tao Khanh Hoa
Bude vao thdi ky ddi mdi, vdi sy ddi mdi ve til duy kinh te, du lich Khanh Hda cd dieu kien phit tiien, nhat II ke til sau ngiy tinh Khinh Hda dugc tai lap (1989). Vdi tinh than ddi mdi, phat huy tiem nIng cua dja phuong, Dai hdi Ding bd tinh Khinh Hda lan thu 12 (1991) da ehii fruong tang ty frgng cdng nghiep, md rdng kinh te dich vu, chuyen ddi co cau kinh te tinh til Nong nghiep - Cong nghiep - Dich vu sang ca cau kinh te: Cong nghiep - Nong nghiep - Dich vu.
UBND Tuih da cM dao thinh lap co quan chu quan chuyen nganh - Sd Du ljch (1993); chu tiuong ve "cung cd vl phat tiien du lich"...'; phe duyet "CMen luge phat trien du lich ", "Qui hoach du ljch tdng the" (1995); Tinh uy da cd dinh hudng uu tien cIc dy In dau tu du ljch; 3 vimg du lich cM'nh cua tinh II Nha Trang, Dien Khanh; Van Phong; Cam Ranh (phit tiien kM cd dieu kien)^... So vdi tiude nIm 1986, khdng gian du lich khdng cdn bd hep tai Nha Trang; ldi Mnh doanh du lich dich vy tii phit, tiiieu can ddi tiudc dd bi phi bd. CIc d p , cac nganh (tai cMnh, xay dyng, giao thdng van tai, thdng tin van hda...) da ed sy phdi hgp tiong dau tii, xay dyng cac khu du lich dieh vy; thanh phan tiiam gia kinh doanh da dang ban. Loai hinh co sd luu fru dugc dau tu'
TAP CHl UCH Sil OANG-Sd 12/2008 73
THUC TIEN-KINH NGHIEM
nMeu, sd lugng budng phdng tang. 6 tiidi diem tich tuih, CO sd luu hii cd 700 phdng (1.800 giudng), nIm 1995 tang len 2.300 phdng (5.000 giudng); chat lugng dugc eai titien, mdt sd ca sd da dip ung dugc nhu cau cua bd phan du khach ed thu nhap cao (khach san Mamla, nay II Logd, Vien Ddng, Hii Yen...). Ddi ngQ nhan lye tang manh, neu nam 1984, toan tinh cM cd 236 ngudi till nam 1995 la 1.800 ngudi, tang 7,6 lin. Dieu niy cho tiiay co cau ndi bd nglnh da thay ddi.
Lugng khich den Khinh Hda Uong nam 1995 la 317.000 lugt khich (91.500 khich qude te), tang 4,6 lin so vdi nIm 1989; doanh tiiu dat 85,12 ty ddng" (1989: 17, 308 ty ddtig). NIm 1995, ty frgng GDP frong co eau kmh te cua tmh chuyen dich tiieo hudng tang ty hgng cdng ngMep va dieh vy. Cy the: Ndng ngMep 30,64%
(giim 13,83%/nam tiudc); Cdng ngMep 30,96%; Dich vy 38,4% (tang 2,1%/nam tiudc)'' Day cd the coi II nhQng hn Meu khdi sic cua du ljch frong thdi ky dau ddi mdi.
Tu nam 1996, ca sd vat chit, ha tang du lich tiep tiic dugc eii tiiien. NIm 2000, vdn diu hr hue tiep cua nude ngoli cho ea sd luu tiii vl nha hang la 23.168.000 USD, von diu tir xay dyng co ban cua tinh la 11.966 ty ddng^. Toin tinh cd 157 co sd khich san ldn, nhd, tang 15 ca sd /1999'. NMeu khach san cd qM md ldn ra ddi; khach san Yasaka- Sli Gdn, tieu bieu cho md Mnh hen doanh, lien ket.
Nang lye ddn khich tiong nam tang 15,37%i (397.509 lugt khich), rieng khich qude tk tang
14,84% (118.827 lugt)/1999. Cac boat ddng kinh doanh IQ hanh, van chuyen deu tang. Doanh tiiu nam 2000 dat 198.87 ty dong, tang 2,3 lin so vdi nam 1995. Ty le tang tiudng eua linh vyc dich vy (1996-2000) dat 11,5%, frong dd, doanh tiiu du lich tang 17%, cao ban GDP cua tinh (8^%)^ Ca cau ktiih te tiep tiic dich chuyen tiieo hudng tang ty
tiang cdng ngMep va dich vu, du lich: Cdng ngMep: 35,31%, Du lich - Dich vu: 37,82%; Ndng ngMep: 26,87%)^ Nhu vay, dgn cudi nam 2000 du lich Khanh Hda da ed dugc sy tien tiien nMeu mat tao da cho giai doan tiep tiieo.
Tuy nMen, Meu qua dat dugc eiia du Kch Khanh Hda d6n thai dilm nay chua that sy tan dung h6t h8m nang, lgi the vdn cd; cac bien phip thyc Men cin phai ddng bd, de thu hut dau hr.
Dai hdi Dang lan tiiu IX (2001) xac dinh:
"Phat hien du lich that sy hd thanh mdt nganh kmh te mui nhpn; nang eao chat lugng va Meu qui boat ddng... dip img nhu cau du lich hong nude va phat trien nhanh du lich quoc te, sdm dat hinh do phat hien du lich cua khu •vyc...".
Dai hdi lin thu 14 cua Ding bg tmh Khanh Hda (2001) tiip hie chuyen ddi co eau kmh te hr Cong nghiep - Nong nghiep - Dich vu sang Cong nghiep - Dich vu, du lich - Nong nghiep.
Thyc Men chu huong eua Dang bd ve phit tiien du lich tiieo hudng md rdng qui md, nang cao Meu qua va ben -vilng, nganh du lich tinh Khanh Hda da cd nMeu chuong tiinh hanh dgng eu tiie. Cae dich -vu phye -vu hue tiep cho du lich dugc tuih uu tien, coi dd la nMem vu phit tiien ktiih te'°. Chuong hinh phat hien du lich cua tinh hr sau nam 2001 dugc tiien khai hen qm md ldn, ddng bg: dieu cMnh Quy hoach Tdng tiie du lich (2001-2010); tiianh lap Ban cM dao du lich vdi sy tiiam gia ciia lanh dao tmh va cac ban nganh nhlm giam sat hen do; de ra mye tieu du lich den nam 2010 (nang cao chat lugng san pham du lich, tao doaitii tiiu ldn); cdng bd cac van ban phip qui ve du lich,... Bdi vay, du lich cua Khinh Hda til nIm 2001 frd di cd nhQng bude chuyen bien kha rd net, cd tuih "dot phi" d mdt sd Imh vyc.
Tmdc bet la sy phat tiien cua ca s& hg tdng giao thong. HIng loat tuyen dudng mdi Mnh
74 TAP CHi UCH Sir DANG-Sd 12/2008
THUC TIEN-KINH NGHIEM
tiianh: hai dudng phy via tiianh phd Nha Trang d pWa Bac va pMa Nam. He tiidng tinh Id dugc nang cap.... Tdng sd cMeu dai dudng bd toan tinh den nam 2003 la 3.165 km, ting 2,3 lin/1989; nam 2005 la 4.050 km". Chim dirt Men higng im tic giao tiidng tiang eic ngay le, tet.
Cac loai hinh du lich ngay cang da dang, khai tiilc tiie manh Men - dIo; xuat Men loai hinh du ljch mdi: du lich sue khde (sudi khoing ndng), du lich ddng que..., gdp phan keo dai ngay khach luu tiii. CIc dy In xay dung khu du lich ngM dudng, vui choi giii hi, du lich suih tiiai, cd tam cd ldn dugc thyc Men: quan the khich san 5 sao Hdn Nggc Viet (450 ty), khu du lich tdng hgp Sdng Ld (kinh pM khoing 343 ty) va eic khach san cao cap (Sunrise, Nmh Van Evason)...Chat lugng dieh vu nang cao vua phu hgp vdi nhu cau tiiyc tien da dang, -vua ddn dau co hdi tiep xiic lugng khach cd tiiu nhap cao hong va ngoli nude.
Khong gian du lich vimg ma Khanh Hda vdi vai frd tiung tam ngay cang rd net qua viec Mnh thanh "tam giac vIng" du lich Nha Trang - Ninh Chu - Da Lat; hgp tie phit tiien kmh te - vln hda vdi thinh phd Hd CM Muih, Phu Yen, Ntiih Thuan, vdi Ulsal (Han Qude), Khlc Cdp (Ucraina), Mobihan (Phap); san bay Cam Ranh dua vio khai title thuong mai; dudng sat tang chuyen, nang chat lugng tau (5 sao).... So vdi nam 2004, khich qude te den Khinh Hda nam 2005 tang 33,65% cao hon muc hung bmh chung ca nude (18,4%)'I Khach den bing tau bien ngiy eing nhieu, nam 2005 cd 6.300 lugt.
Cac Hdi nghi khich hang. Tap huan, Hdi thao, cac cudc tM ldn, cd tim ed... ed xu hudng tap tiling ve Nha Trang nhieu hon.
Hoat ddng du lich d Khanh Hda ngay cIng hudng den su phdt trien ldu ddi, ben vdng. Nam 2005, toin hnh cd 219 CO sd duge xep loai (2 co
sd 5 sao, 105 ea sd dat tieu chuan.. .)'l Thing 6- 2005, "Hiep hdi du lich Khinh Hda" ra ddi, nham bio ve quyen lgi cho doanh ngMep. Tinh da cho tiilnh lap Trung tam xue tien du lich, viec quang bl, tiep thi Mnh anh du lich Khinh Hda ngay cIng rdng rai. Nganh van hda tuih tien hanh lap hd so cdng nhan cIc di san vln hda vat tiie; di sin van hda pM vat tiie duge suu tam diy du.... Cac tiem nang du lich Men d Khinh Hda dugc qude te quan tam. Nam 2001, Khu bao tdn Hdn Mun ra ddi. Nam 2003, Cau lac bd vinh dep tiie gidi da cdng nhan Vinh Nha Trang la tiianh vien tiiir 29.
Tu kM cd Lugt doanh nghiip, thanh phan tham gia kinh doanh du lich tang nhanh, tu 148 (2000) len 701 doanh nghiep (2005). N8u trudc nam 1986, nganh du ljch chu yeu ciia Nha nude ddc quyen, tM d thdi diem niy, doanh nghiep tu nhan chiem 1/2 tdng sd. Md Mnh kinh doanh da dang cung tdn tai: 100%) vdn nude ngoai (Nha Trang - Lodge); tu cd phan nude ngoli chuyen thinh vdn trong nude; md hinh kinh doanh tdng hgp cua Tdng cdng ty Khinh Viet (thudc II, det may, du lich...). Loai hinh du ljch sinh thai, vui choi giai tri dugc dly manh. NMeu co sd cao elp ra ddi: Vinpeari land (Hdn Nggc Viet); Ninh Van Envason.... Vdn nude ngoli dlu tu tryc hep nIm 2004 vl 2005 ting manh'''; vdn xay dyng CO ban ciia tinh dat 582 ty ddng. Sd khach san nam 2005 II 292 co sd tang 130 co sd so vdi nam 2001. NIm 2005, nhan lye phuc vy nganh Du ljch tang vugt trdi: 5.200 ngudi (tang 1,8 lan/2001), cao hon nhan lye du ljch mdt sd tinh ban. Nam 2005, cd 900.289 lugt khich den (249.055 khich qude te), gap hon 2 lin nam 2000'1 NIm 2005 dat 643.136 ty ddng, gap 3,2 lin/ 2001 (199.015 ty)'^ GDP tinh ting binh quan hIng nam 10,84%; trong
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khi dd, dieh vu, du lich tang tren 13,44% ; tang trudng du lich tu nam 2003 ludn d muc tren 17%. Co cau kinh te tiep hie dich chuyen theo hudng tang ty trgng cdng ngMep va dich vy du lich. NIm 2005 cdng ngMep: 41,44%;
dich vu du lich: 40.95%; ndng ngMep: 17,61%
' I Day la nhQng tien de co bin de Dai hdi lan thir 15 eua Tinh Ding bd (2006) quyet dinh chuyen dich co cau kinh te tu Cong nghiep - Dich VM, du lich - Nong nghiep sang Dich VM, du lich - Cong nghiep - Nong nghiip.
Nhu vay, vdi chu tiuong dung din va phu hgp tiiye tien. Ding bd tinh Khinh Hda da tilng budc lanh dao, cM dao, tao nen budc chuyen mdi cho nglnh du lich cua hnh. Do dd, sau 20 nam ddi mdi (1986-2006), du ljch Khinh Hda da tiiye sy chuyen Men ve nhieu mat: til qM md hoat dpng, tdc dp phat trien den chat lupng, Meu qua... Du lich tiiyc sy gdp phin ti'ch eye tiiuc day tang tiudng va phit tiien kinh te - xa hdi cua tinh (gdp phin giam ty le ngudi ngheo Khanh Hda edn 2%); tang tiiu nhap diu ngudi len 768 USD, dimg tiiu hai d ntien Trung; bg mat cinh quan cua tinh ngay cang tiiay ddi...); giao luu kinh te, van hda giQa cac vung rMen md rdng; cIc danh lam tiling eanh, net dep vln hda dia phuang duge quIng ba rdng rai.
Thyc te trong ban 20 nam ddi mdi cho thay sy cM dao dung hudng ciia Dang bd tutii Khanh Hda da mang lai Meu qua eao ve du lich. Tuy nhien, so vdi hem nang v l the manh, thinh hm dat dugc chua phii la ldn. Du ljch la nglnh cdng ngMep "khdng khdi", dau tii cho du lich ddi hdi phai ed tiinh do "ky thuat" cao ve nMeu mat.
Trong bdi eanh Men nay, mire do canh franh gay git dien ra ngay ca hong vung, frong nude, trong khu vyc... du lich Khinh Hda can cd nhQng budc di tMch hgp, phit tiien hgp ly de ddn nhan thdi CO vl ddi mat vdi thich thiic, dua du lich
Khanh Hda phat hien bin vung frong qua hinh khu vyc hdi nhap va qude te.
1. Cdng van 06/UBND Tinh Khanh Hda (1994) 2. Dl cuong phat triln du lich tinh Khanh Hoa (1995) 3. Cue Thing ke Phii Khanh, nam 1985: SP lieu 'Thong ke,tr.\9-2\
4. So du lich-thuong mai: Bao cao thong ke nam 1995 5. 6, 9, 11, 14, 15. Cue tiidng ke Khanh Hda xuit ban 2006: Nien gidm thong ke Khanh HPa 2005
7. Cue tiidng ke Khanh Hda xuat ban 2006: Nien gidm thPng ke Khanh Hoa 1999
8,10,16,17. Vdn kien Dgi hpi Ddng bp ldn 14 linh Khanh Hda (2001)
12,13. Sadu^dVYhuangmai: Bdo cdo ihPngke 2005.
HOITHAOQUOCTE™
(Tiep theo trang 79)
hai nude Viet - Llo. Hdi tiiao da cung cap tiiera nhieu tir lieu quy de holn tiilnh cdng tie bien soan cdng tiinh ljch sir quan he dae biet Viet Nam - Lao, Llo - Viet Nam (1930 - 2007) do hai Bd Chinh tti cua hai Ding ddng chu tii bien soan; gdp phan nang cao tinh doin ket hai nude Viet Nam - Lao, ddng tiidi khang dinh viec duy tri, cung cd vl tang cudng mdi quan he dac biet giua hai nude, hai dan tdc tiong tiidi ky mdi.
Ciing vdi Hdi tiilo, tai Sim Nua da diin ra cudc gap gd, giao luu dly elm ddng giua cie nhan chimg lich sii, la nhimg cin bd chinh tii, eyu chien binh, cac chuyen gia quan sy tieu bieu cua hai nude da tilng tham gia chien dau, cdng tic tien chien ttudng Sam Nua frong hai cudc khlng chien chdng Phip vl chdng My. Ban td chuc Hdi tiiao cung td chirc cho cIc nhan chung lich su va dai bieu tiiam lai chien ttudng xua vl cIc di tich lich sir cleh mang d tinh Hiia Phan.
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76 TAP CHl UCH Sir D A N G - S O 12/2008
