TRIET HOC, SO 10 (317), THANG 10 - 2017
BAI HOC LICH Sif Tif
TRliT LV GIAO DUC C U A PHAN Bdl CHAU
Pham Thj Thanh Tuyen'
' Th^c sT, Ser Giio dye vi Dio t^o tinh Binh Duong.
Email: [email protected]
Nh^ ngiy 25 thing 5 nim 2017. Chdp nh§n ding ngiy 30 thing 9 nim 2017.
Tom tdt: Gido d\ic la mft ttong nhiJng vdn de dac sdc trong ttilt ly eua Phan Bpi Chau. No khdng chi anh hudng to Idn doi vdi xd hfi Vift Nam cuoi thi ky XDC ddu the ky XX, ma con ed y nghTa va la bai hpc Ijch sfl bo ieh, thiet thyc doi thyc tien xd hfi Vift Nam hifn nay. Do la bai hpc phai luon CO tinh than doi mdi ttong giao d\ic, ca ve nfi dung lan phucmg phap; bai hpc giao dye va dao tgo phdi xudt phdt tfl dde dilm vd y6u cdu efla thyc tiin, phue v\i cho Igi ich ciia dan tfc, cfla nhan dan; bai hpc phai chfl y den gido dye toan difn eon ngudi, nham dao tao nhihig con ngirdi phat ttien ve tri tuf va ning lye ehuyen mdn, hoan thifn vl nhan each, phyc vu ddc lye cho edng eupe ddi mdi dat nude eiing nhu sy nghifp xdy dyng vd bdo vf Tl quoc hifn nay.
Tu khoa: Phan Bf i Chdu, ttilt ly gido dge, dli mdi giao dye.
Khi ddnh gid v l cufc ddi, sy ngMfp va nhdn dan lao dgng d cac nude cMnb qudc tu tudng ciia Phan Bgi Chdu - nhd chinh trj, va cac nude thufc dja; dd cdn la sy cai trj, nha vdn hda ldn cfla Vift Nam cuii till ky dp bflc, bdc lot va cMnh sach ngu dan cua XIX ddu tbi ky XX, Hd CM Minh da coi chl df thye dan phong kiln ddi vdi ngudi dng Id "bgc anh himg, vj thien sfl, ddng xd ddn Vift Nam kMen ddi sdng ngudi dan thdn vi dfc Igp, dugc hai muoi trifu con nude ta vd cflng ngheo nan, Igc hdu, trinh ngudi trong vdng nd If tdn siing" [7, df dan tri thdp kem, dan khi ydu hen va tdm tt.I72]. N i i bat ttong sy ngMfp va tu tudng nMn cfla ngudi ddn tMdn c|n, cho ndn yeu eiia Phan Bf i Chdu Id nhihig triit ty ve gido cdu d l i mdi va phat triin gido dye, md dye kha phong phfl va sdu sdc, trdn tinh mang tri tuf, ndng cao y thfle ddn tfc vd than thye tiin, doi mdi vd toan difn cfla tmh thdn yeu nude cho nhan ddn Vift Nam dng. Tridt ty gido dye efla Phan Bf i Chau ttd thdnh ydu cdu cdp tMdt.
hinh thdnh, phdt triin khdng phdi cd tinh Triit Iy gido due cfla Phan Bf i Chdu cdn chdt ngau nMdn, md nd cMnh td sy phdn la su tiip thu, k l thua nhung tu tudng ve dnh nhihig d§c dilm, yen cdu cdp tiult efla giao dye trude do. Dd la long ydu nude, xd hgi Vift Nam vd till gidi cuoi till ky tinh thdn ty eudng, ty hao dan tdc, tinh tiidn XIX ddu thi ky XX ddt ra. Dd Id sy xdm doan kit cd kit cfng ding, vd long tdn su luge vd nd djch cua chfl nghTa tu bdn vci tirgng dao ttong truyin thong giao due Vift
BAI HOC LICH Str TtT TRIET L"^ GIAO DUC..
Nam. Dd Id nhiing quan dilm gido dye cfla phuang Ddng vd dgo ly ldm ngudi qua hge thuydt "Tam cuong, ngu thudng", vdi cdc chudn myc dao due co ban cfla con ngudi cfla Nho giao cung nhu quan diem "dgi tfl dgi bi, chung sinh bhih ddng" cfla Phdt giao.
Phan Bdi Chdu eho rdng, "xua nay cdc vj thanh truyin dao, tuy tdng thdng Ichde nhau, ly lugn khdc nhau mac ddu, md xet cho den nfi dung, ngodi chu "nhan" ra, khdng ai cd dgo ly gi khac. Tflc nhu dgi tH dgi bi, chung sinh binh ddng efla Phdt TMch Ca; ngMa la yiu ngudi nhu minh, xem thit nhu bgn cfla Chfla Gidsu ciing chl Id y ngMa chfl "nhan"
ma thdi" [ I I , tt.37]. Dd cdn Id tu tudng Tdn thu, Tdn vdn, tu tudng "dgi ddng" cfla Khang Huu Vi, tu tudng eanh tan cfla Luong Khdi Sidu, quan dilm cdeh mgng, tiin bf trong
"tam dan chfl ngMa" cua Tdn Trung Son.
Khdng nhihig the, Phan Bfi Chdu edn dnh hudng va tidp thu quan dilm gido dye cfla phuang Tdy qua cdc tu tudng tiin bf; Nhdn quyen, ddn chu, dgc lap, lu do, binh ddng, bde di.. ciia Platon, Aristote, R.Descartes, F.Bacon vd J.G.Fiehte, cfla Ch.Darwin, J.J.Rousseau, Cli.L.Montesquieu, ciia Th.More, Ch.Fourier, Saint Simon, "ti td cua chfl ngMa xa hfi d chau Au" [10, tt.l393.
D$e bift, triit ly gido dye eiia Phan Bfi Chdu da bude ddu tiip thu nhihig quan nifm gido dye ntidm gide ngf con ngudi, phat trien todn difn con ngudi tiin tdi gidi phdng con ngudi, dua con ngudi "tfl vuong qude tdt yeu sang vuong qude ty do" [1, tt.393] cfla chfl nghia Mac - Ldnin. Vdi Ptian Bfi Chdu, nhthig gid tri khoa hgc cfla chfl nghta Mdc - Lenin, nhu sy thing nhdt gifta ty lu|n va thyc tiin, hgc di ddi vdi hanh..., dd gdp phdn tgo nen bude ngo§t quan ttgng trong qud trinh Mnh tiianh vd ptiat trien triit ly gido dye cfla dng: "Ldmn
la mft ngudi da kheo dem hai eon dao ly ludn vd thyc hanh md v|n dyng bdng hai tay. Nhu thi eang ximg ddng Id mdt nhd cMin luge cdeh mgng khdng tiin tuydt hdu.
Dem danh tu dy ma tan tyng Lenm, tM eung th|t ximg dang khdng cd gi phdn van cd"
[9,tt.318].
Triit ly gido dye cfla Phan Bgi Chdu Id tong hgp cac quan diem thi Mfn nhung nfi dung phong phfl vd dde sdc: Mgt la, de nang cao trinh df hieu bidt eho eon ngudi Viet Nam, edn phdi gido dye toan didn ede tri thfle khoa hgc, cd tii thuc khoa hge ty nMen ldn tri thfle khoa hgc xd hdi, tfl nhihig tri thue v l khoa hgc, kinh t l , qudn sy, lugt hgc, thdng tin, cdng ngMfp, ndng ngMfp, tiiuong ngMfp, lam ngMfp, y hgc den nhihig tti thurc ve ehinh tri - xa hdi, nhu tu tudng nhd nude, phdp Mat, vd ddn chu, dM quydn, qudc quyin, dgc Idp, ty do, binh ddng, bdc di... Hai la, cung vdi tu tudng gido dye todn difn tri thfle, cdn cdn chfl ttgng den gido dye pham chat dao dflc, ludn ly (^o mgi ngudi dan Viet Nam d l dinh hudng cho hdnh dfng efla hg. Ba Id, d l phyc vu cho sy nghifp dau tranh gidi phdng ddn tdc, xay dyng vd phdt trien dat nude, can dgc bift chfl y giao dye Idng ydu nude, tinh than dan tge, y thue ttdch nhifm cdng ddn, tinh than dodn ket, ddng long cfla nhdn ddn.
Vdi nhttng nfi dimg gido dye todn difn ttdn, ttilt Iy giao dye cfla Phan Bfi Chdu khdng cM cd y ngMa v l m | t ly lu|n, gdp phdn phat trien vd ldm phong phfl, sdu sde, sinh dgng nfi dung gido dye ttong ljch sfl tu tudng gido dye nude ta, ma cdn cd y ngMa va gid trj thyc tiin thilt thye dang ghi nhdn ttong tjch sfl ddn tfc. Dd la tinh thdn dli mdi ttong giao due d l "ddn tri md mang, ddn kM ldn mgnh, ddn quyen phdt dgt" [8, tt.l79]; td vifc gido dye todn difn
PHAM THANH TUYEN con ngudi, khdng cM todn difn vd nfi dung,
phuang phap md cdn toan difn cd trong xac dinh muc dich, dli tugng gido dye, cdeh td chflc gido dye, cdeh tM cfl vd dao tgo nhan tdi dd phye vu cho sy ngMfp bdo vf, xdy dyng va phat triin ddt nude; ddng thdi ta quan dilm phat triin, doi mdi gido dye phai xudt phdt tfl ddi sing thyc tien va phye vy cho Igi ich cfla ddn tgc, ciia nhdn ddn.
Tuy nMen, do dieu Idfn lich sfl quy dinh, triet ly gido due eua Phan Bgi Chdu van cdn nhihig hgn chl nhat djnh, nhu ttong nfi dung va phuong phap giao dye van chiu dnh hudng vd chua hodn todn tiiodt khdi quan nidm eiia Nho giao, dng cdn sfl dyng nMlu khai mfm, phgm trfl vd quan didm giao due ciia Nho hge, ehdng hgn cac phgm trfl nhdn, nghia, li, tri, tin, xd hdi dgi ddng, ngudi qudn tu,... hoac, dd didn gidi nhihig van de giao dye, Phan Bgi Chau van dflng ttdn lap trudng quan dilm cua Nho gido.
Bdn cgnh dd, triit ly gido dye cfla dng van chua cd tinh thdn doi mdi tridt dd do cdn d ttong qua trinh chuydn lap trudng, quan dilm, thi gidi quan tfl quan nifm cQ sang quan nifm mdi, chuydn tfl tu tudng qudn chfl sang tu tudng dan chfl tu sdn vd bdt ddu tiep can chu ngMa Mac - Ldnin.
Mdc dfl cdn nhiing hgn chd nhat djnh do sy quy djnh cua didu kifn tjch sfl, nhung tridt ly giao dye ciia Phan Bfi Chdu van Id bai hgc ljch sfl b l ich khdng cM vdi xd hgi Vift Nam cuii till ky XIX ddu till ky XX ma cd vdi su ngMfp ddi mdi vd phdt trien gido dye d Vift Nam Mfn nay.
Bdi hgc Ijch sfl thfl nhdt rflt ra tfl triit ty gido dye efla Phan Bgi Chdu, do Id bdi hgc vi gido due todn di$n eon ngudi. Xuat phdt tfl ddc dilm vd ydu cdu thye tien Ijch su xa hdi cung nhu thyc trang gido dye efla Vift Nam duong thdi d§t ra, Phan Bgi Chdu dd
chi ro, phdi gido dye con ngudi Viet Nam todn dien ed nhttng tri thfle vd khoa hge ty nMen, Idioa hgc xa hgi, gido due nganh nghe ley thu|t Ian giao dye dao due, ludn ly vd cac quan diem xd hgi tien bd, nhu ty do, ddn ehfl, nhan quydn, binh dang, ciing nhu gido dye Idng yeu nude thuong ndi. 6ng viit: "Hgc triit hgc, vdn hgc, su hgc, cMnh trj, Icinh t l , quan sy. Mat phap... Hge edng ngMfp, thuang nghifp, ndng ngMfp, nft cdng, y thu|t, lam nghipp..." [8, tt.l84]
nhdm ddo tgo nhihig eon ngudi phat trien todn didn, ed ieh cho xd hdi, ddp flng yeu cdu eiia sy ngMdp ddu ttanh giai phdng con ngudi, gidi phdng dan tfc, xay dyng vd phdt trien ddt nude. Day Id mgt ttong nhiing nfi dung cd y ngMa rat quan ttgng ttong triet ly gido dye cua Phan Bgi Chau khdng chi cd gid tri trong giai dogn ljch sfl ddn tfc nua cudi the ky XIX ddu the ky XX, ma cdn the hifn y ngMa ljch sii to ldn tiong sy nghidp doi mdi gido due vd ddo tao d Vift Nam Mfn nay.
Tidp thu, kd thua truyen thdng gido due cfla ddn tfc Vift Nam ndi chung vd nhftng gid tri trong quan didm gido due todn difn con ngudi Vift Nam ttong tridt ly gido due cfla Phan Bfi Chau ndi rieng, ttong cdng cufc ddi mdi ddt nude, hgi nh|p qude td Mfn nay. Dang ta ludn quan tam den vifc doi mdi giao due vd gido due con ngudi todn difn. Ddng chfl truong vifc doi mdi chuong trinh gido dye phdi chu trgng myc tidu day chft vd day ngudi, ehuyen tfl nin gido dye ndng nd vd truyen thy kiln thuc mft CMIU sang hudng" phdt tiidn todn difn, hdi hda phdm chdt vd ndng lyc ciia hgc sinh; ehuyen tfl nen gido dye n|ng ve dgy chft, ung titi sang nin giao due thyc hgc, thyc ngMfp ta nMfm vy quan ttgng hang ddu ttong sy ngMfp doi mdi gido due d
89
BAI HOC LICH Str TIT TRI^T LY GIAO DUC, nude ta Mfn nay. Vdn kiin Hgi nghi ldn thu tdm Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang khda XL ^ nhan mgnh: "Doi mdi chuong trinh nhdm phdt triin ndng lyc vd pham chdt ngudi hgc, hdi hda dflc, tri, thi, my; day ngudi, dgy chtt, day nghl. Ddi mdi ngi dung gido dye theo hudng tinh gidm, hifn dgi, thilt thyc, phfl hgp vdi tfla tuoi, trinh df va nganh nghl, tang thyc hanh, v|n dyng kiln thfle vdo thuc tien. Chfl ttgng gido dye nhan edch, dgo dflc, ill song, tri thfle phap ludt vd y thfle cdng dan. Tgp trung vdo nhihig gid tri CO ban cua vdn hda, truyin thdng vd dgo ty dan tfc, tinh hoa vdn hda nhdn Ioai, gid trj elt I5i vd nhan vdn eiia ehu ngMa Mdc - Ldmn vd tu tudng H I CM Minh.
Tdng eudng gido dye thd chdt, kien thfle quie phdng, an ninh vd hudng ngMfp. Dgy ngoai ngft vd tm hge theo hudng chudn hda, thilt thye, bdo ddm ndng lye sfl dyng cua ngudihgc"[5,tt.I28].
Bdi hgc thfl hai rflt ra tfl triit Iy giao dye cfla Phan Bfl Chau, dd Id bdi hgc ludn quan tdm den vi§c gido di^c, ddo tgo, phdt triin vd hodn thi$n con ngudi. Ddy cung la mft tixmg nhihig bai hgc cd y ngMa ljch su bo ich vd tMet thyc ddi vdi sy ngMfp ddi mdi gido dye d Vift Nam Mfn nay.
Trong triet ly ve giao dye, Phan Bfi Chau ludn chdm to din vifc gido dye cho ngudi ddn Vift Nam. Ong vidt: "Van dl thugc vl gido dye Id mft vifc cdn thilt cfla nude ta Iflc bay gid" [10, tt.213]. Do v|y, theo Phan Bfi Chdu, nha nude vd xd hfi phdi chii ttgng, quan tam den gido dye:
"Trdn trieu (finh, dudi xd hfi ddu hit tdng chdm to vl vifc gido dye, due dye, thi dye, khdng sdt sy gi" [8, tt. 184]. Ong chfl truong
"mgi vifc ma ddn ta cdn hgc ddu mdi thdy, md trudng de cho ngudi nude ta bdt ky gidu nghdo, sang hdn, trai gai" [8, tt.I84] deu
dugc hgc , dde biet Id ed chmh sach dl "nlu nhu ngudi ddn nao ngheo tung qua khdng sao ddng gdp nii, tM triiu dmh, xa hfi tim cdeh giflp dd kMdn ngudi ttong nude khdng ai khdng dugc hge" [8, tt.I 84].
Nhdn thfle ro gid trj tir bdi hgc ljch sfl ttong quan dilm vl gido dye, phdt triin hodn thifn con ngudi cfla Phan Bdi Chdu ndi ridng vd truyin thdng gido dye, ddo tao nhdn tdi cua ddn tfc ta ndi chung, ttong ehfl truong, dudng Idi va cMnh sach efla minh, Ddng ta ludn ddc bift quan tdm den sy nghifp ddi mdi gido dye, xdc dinh "gido dye va ddo tao la qude sach hdng ddu, mdt nhan to quyet dinh dd thyc hifn thdnh cdng sy ngMfp xdy dyng vd bdo vf Tl qudc; Id su ngMfp cfla Ddng, Nha nude va ciia todn dan; ddu tu eho giao dye ta dau tu phat tiidn, dugc uu tidn di trude trong ede chuong trinh, kl hogch phat triin kinh tl - xd hfi" [5, tt.98-99]. Ddng thdi. Dang cflng Iudn quan tam, chdm lo phdt triin hai boa ddi song con ngudi Vift Nam cd ve vdt chdt ldn tinh thdn. Vdn ki$n Dgi hgi dgi biiu todn qudc ldn tha XI cfla Dang khdng djnh;
"Tdn ttgng va bdo vf quydn con ngudi, gdn quyen con ngudi vdi quyen vd lgi ich cfla ddn tfc, ddt nude vd quydn ldm chfl efla nhan ddn. Kit hgp vd phdt huy ddy dfl vai trd efla xd hfi, gia dmh, nhd trudng, tflng t|p the lao ddng, cdc doan thd va cgng ding dan cu trong vifc chdm lo xdy dyng con ngudi Vift Nam giau ldng ydu nude, cd f thfle tdm chu, trdeh nMfm cdng ddn; cd tri thfle, sflc khde, lao dfng gidi; sing cd vdn hda, ngMa tinh; cd tinh thdn quic tl ehan cMnh" [4, tt.76].
Tiip tyc phdt tiiin quan diem trdn, Tai Dgi hfi tan flifl XII, Ddng ta dd dua ra mft quan dilm mdi, dd td: "Xay dyng nen vdn hda vd con ngudi Vift Nam phdt triin todn
PHAM THANH TUY^N difn, hudng din chdn - thifn - my, thdm
nhuan tinh tiidn dan tfc, nhdn vdn, ddn chfl va khoa hgc" [6, tt.l26]. De tiiyc hifn tii tudng cd tinh cMdn luge dd, Ddng ta dd chfl tnrong: Bdo ddm cdng bdng, binh ddng v l quyen lgi vd ngMa vy cdng dan; ket hgp chgt chg, hgp ly phat triin vd kinh t l vd phat triin ve van hda, xd hfi, thuc hifn tiin bf vd edng bdng xa hfi ngay ttong timg bude vd tfli^ cM'nh sdeh phdt triin; phdt tridn hdi hda ddi sdng vgt ehdt va ddi sdng tinh thdn, khdng ngflng ndng cao ddi song cua mgi thdnh vien ttong xd hfi;... ding thdi, tgo mdi trudng vd dieu kifn thudn lgi dl con ngudi Vidt Nam phdt tridn ve nhdn cdeh, dao due, tri tuf, ndng tyc sdng tao, thi chdt, tdm hdn, trach nMfm xd hfi, ngMa vy cdng ddn, y thfle tuan thfl phap lu|t, ehfl ttgng va lam tot cdng tdc gido dye ehinh trj, tu tudng, tniyen tiling, ly tudng, dao dflrc vd ldi song cho con ngudi Vift Nam. Ddc bift, d l phat trien todn difn nhan to con ngudi, ttong dd cd nhifm vu phdt tiien ngudn nhdn luc chdt lugng cao. Dang ta chfl tiruang "ddi mdi can bdn, todn difn gido dye va dao tgo, ddp ung yeu cdu edng nghifp hda, Mfn dgi hda ttong dilu kifn kinh t l thj trudng djnh hudng xd hfi chfl nghia vd hfi nhdp quoc t l " [5, tt.l47-I48].
Bdi hgc thfl ba rut ra tu triet ty giao dye cfla Phan Bfi Chdu, do td phdt triin gido dye phdi dugc xdy dung trin ca sd thirc tien, bdm sdt yiu cdu cua thire tien.
Trong tiilt ly gido dye cfla minh, Phan Bgi Chdu cho rdng, vifc doi mdi gido dye phdi ding bf ca ve ngi dung, phuong phdp lan cdeh t l chflc, qudn ly, dao tao vd tuyin dyng, sfl dyng nhdn tdi; d$c bift, phdi phii hgp vdi ddc dilm vd ydu cau thye tiin efla ljch sfl - xd hfi Vift Nam. CM'nh vi vgy, trong phuong phap gidng dgy phdi bet sflc
linh hogt, khdng dugc tuyft doi hda phuong phdp ndo; tfly hodn ednh, ddi tugng ma gidng dgy, phdi day nhflng dilu ed ich cho ngudi hgc. Dl dgt dugc myc tidu gido dye toan dien con ngudi cdn phdi cd sy kit hgp giua nhd trudng vd xa hfi; ttong dd, nhd trudng, mgt mgt, cdn phdi dam bdo tinh toan difn, nhung mdt khdc cling cdn phdi ddm bao tinh chuydn sdu ve ky ndng nghd nghifp vd phai gdn vdi nhu cdu efla xd hfi.
Dd ldm dugc didu do, vifc dy bao nhu edu efla xd hfi Id mft khdu rdt quan trgng ttong vdn dl gido due. Quan dilm nay khdng ehi cd gid trj ttong giai dogn ljch sfl nfla cudi the ky XIX dau thi ky XX, ma cdn la bai hoc ljch sfl bd ich ddi vdi sy ngMfp ddi mdi vdo phdt trien gido due - ddo tao d Vift Nam hifn nay.
Trong edng cufc ddi mdi, hdi nhdp quic te, day mgnh cdng nghifp hda, Mfn dgi hda ndi rieng ciing nhu ttong sy ngMfp xay dyng vd bao vf Td quic ndi chung d Vift Nam hifn nay, van dl phdt triin nguin nhdn lyc dfl vl sd lugng, manh vd chdt lugng Id mft ydu cdu cap tMdt vd la nhan td quyet djnh. Vi thd, Ddng ta da "ldy vifc phat huy nguin lyc con ngudi lam yeu td eo bdn cho sy phdt triin nhanh vd ben vflng" [2, tt.85]. D I dap flng ydu cdu co ban va cdp tiiiet dd cfla thye tidn Vift Nam, Ddng ta dd khdng djnh: (jiao dye va ddo tao cimg vdi khoa hgc va edng n ^ f Id qudc sdeh hdng ddu, la nen tdng vd dgng lyc thfle ddy cdng ngMfp hda hifn dai hda dat nude; ding thdi chu truang "ddi mdi tu duy gido dye mft edch nhdt qudn, tu' myc tidu chuong tiinh, nfi dung phuong phdp den co cdu vd hf thdng t l chflc, co chl qudn ly dd tao dugc ehuyen bien co ban va todn dien cfla nin gido dye nude nha, tiip cgn trinh do khu vyc va thi gidi, khde phue each ddi mdi chdp vd.
91
BAI HOC LICH Sir Ttr T R I 6 T LY GIAO DUC.
tiiilu tdm nMn tdng the, tiiidu kd hogch ding bf. Phdn dau xay dyng nin gido dye Mfn dgi, cfla dan, do ddn va vi ddn, ddm bdo cdng bdng ve co hfi hgc t|p va hge t|p sudt ddi, ddp flng yeu cdu eong ngMfp hda, Men dai hda ddt nude" [3, tt.206].
D§c bift, dd vifc ddi mdi gido due phfl hgp vdi tinh Mnh thyc tiin, phfl hgp vdi xu the phdt triin ctia ddt nude va thi gidi trong giai doan Mfn nay. Dang ta chfl truang phdi tiep tyc dli mdi manh md phuang phap day vd hgc theo hudng Mfn dgi, phdt huy tinh tich eye, chfl dfng, sang tao vd vgn dyng kiln thfle, ky ndng efla ngudi hgc; khdc phyc ldi truyin thy dp ddt mft cMeu, gM nhd may mdc. Tgp trung dgy each hge, cdeh ngM, khuyen kMch tu hgc, tgo co sd de ngudi hge ty cap nhgt vd ddi mdi tri tiiflc, kT ndng, phdt tridn ndng lyc. Chuydn tu hgc ehfl yeu tten tdp sang Mnh thfle hgc t|p da dang, chfl y cac hogt ddng xd hfi, ngogi khda, ngMen curu khoa hge. Ddy mgnh flng dyng cdng nghf thdng tin vd truyen thdng ttong dgy vd hgc. D$c biet, can "xdy dyng nen gido dye md, thyc hgc, thye nghifp, day tit, hgc tot, qudn ty tdt; cd co cau vd phuong thuc gido dye hgp li, gdn vdi xay dyng xd hfi hgc t|p; bao dam ede dilu kifn ndng cao chat lugng; chuan hda, Mfn dgi hda, ddn chfl hda, xd hgi hda va hfi nhfp qudc te hf thdng gido dye - ddo tao; gift vftng djnh hudng xd hfi chu ngMa va ban sdc dan tfc. Phdn ddu din ndm 2030, nin giao dye Vift Nam dgt trinh do tidn tidn ttong khu vyc" [5, tt.l22].
Tdm tai, vdn de gido dye td mft trong nhftng tu tudng quan ttgng ciia Phan Bfi Chau. Sy d$c sdc ttong triet ly gido dye eiia Phan Bfi Clidu khdng chi thi Mfn d sy phong phu, sinh dfng trong vifc xdc dinh vai trd, myc dich cfla giao dye md cdn thi
Mfn d ed nfi dung, phuong phdp vd edch thfle tl chflc gido dye tten tinh thdn thyc tiin, doi mdi vd todn difn. Vi till, tu tudng cua Phan Bgi Chdu ndi chung va tiilt ly gido due ciia dng ndi ridng, cd anh hudi^ to ldn ddi vdi xd hfi Vift Nam cuoi till ky XIX ddu till ky XX. NIU bd qua nhftng hgn che do dieu kifn lich sfl va quan didm lap trudng giai cdp quy djnh, triit ly giao dye cfla Phan Bgi Chau chfla dyng nhung bai hgc lich sfl bo Ich vd tMit thye ddi vdi sy ngMfp dli mdi gido dye d nude ta Mfn nay.
Tai lifu tham khao
[I] C M i c v i Ph.Angghen (1995), Todn tgp. t.20, Nxb Chlnh trj Quic gia, H i NOi.
[2] Ding COng sin Vift Nam (1996), VdnkiinDgi hgi dgi biiu todn qudc ldn thii VIII, Nxb Chinh trj Quic gia, H i NOi.
[3} Dang Cfng sin Vift Nam (2006), Vdn kiin Dgi hgi dgi biiu todn qudc lan thwX. Nxb Chinh trj Quic gia, H i NOi.
[41 Ding Cfng sin Vift Nam (2013), Vdn kiin Dgi hgi dgi biiu todn qudc ldn thU XI, Nxb Chinh trj Quic gia, H i NOi.
[S] Dang COng sin Vift Nam (2013), Vdn kiin Hgi nghi Idn tha Idm Ban Chap hdnh Trung uang khda XI, Nxb Chinh trj Quoc gia. H i NOi.
[6] Ding Cfng sin Vift Nam (2016), Vdn kiin Dgi hgi dgi biiu todn quoc lan thU XII. Nxb Chinh trj Quoc gia. H i Nfi.
(7] Ho Chf Minh (2000), Todn tgp, t.2, Nxb Chfnh t r i Q u 6 c g i a , H i N f i .
[8] Phan Bfi Chiu (2000), Todn tgp. t.2, Nxb Thu|n H6a, H u i
[9] Phan Bfi ChSu (2000), Todn tgp. t.5, Nxb Thu§n H6a, Hue.
[10] Phan BOi Chiu (2000). Todn igp. t.7, Nxb Thu$n HOa, H u l
[ I I ] Phan BOi ChSu (2000), Todn tgp. t.lO, Nxb Thulta H6a, Hul.
