MOITRadNGl
PHAT TRIEN BEN V Q N G
BAM PHA TAM GIAN6 CAU
L O I T H E PHAT TRI^N CUA VUNG DAM PHA Trong td'ng the dja hinh ciia tinh Thiia Thien Hue, su Men dien cua viing dam pha nude Iq menh mdng ben canh ning mii, dong bang va bien Ddng Id net Mem cd ciia mdt loai hinh thiiy vuc ddc ddo. He dam phd Tam Giang Cau Hai, bao gom pha Tam Giang, ddm Sam, Thiiy Tii vd Cau Hai la mot vuc nude ldn nhdt ciia Ddng Nam A. Vdi chilu ddi gan 70km, chay dai tli cira sdng 6 Ldu din chdn mii VTnh Phong, trdi rdng tren 248,7km^ ciia cdc huyen Quang Dien, Phii Vang, Phii Lqc, Huong Trd vd Phong Dien; he ddm phd d day chiem tren mdt niia dien tich dam pha ven bd eiia ca nude, duqc coi nhu mot lagoon ven biln nhiet ddi Mem cd tren the gidi. Tam Giang-Cau Hai
nhdn nude eiia bau bet nhimg con sdng Idn tai Thiia Thien Hul, gdm hdng loat kilu sinh cdnh ngap nude khac nhau nhu ddt ngap nude cd'thdm thuc vdt, bai bun, bai cdt; ddt ngap nude thudng xuyen, ngap nude nhan tao vdi nhiing ao hd nudi trdng thiiy sdn t h i hien tinh da dang sinh hqc, duqc vi nhu bao tdng ciia nhiing ngudn gen phong phii.
Dja ehi tmh Thua TMen Hul xdc djnh, hong viing cd 215 lodi vd dudi loai thuc vat phii du, 73 loai tao silic song ddy, 15 lodi cay ngap man va 168 lodi cd thudc bq day song. Tren eac ddm lay vdi nhimg thdm cd va nhieu loai cd biln dac thii, da trd thdnh noi tni ngu ciia nhieu loai chim. Trong so ndy, cd 36 lodi dinh cu vd 34 loai di tni; 21 loai ndm trong danh
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I MOI TRUCiiNG
muc bdo ve nghiem ngat ciia cdng ddng the gidi, cd lodi duqc ghi vao sdch ddViet Nam.
Dam lay va cua sdng, eiia biln d Tam Giang-Cau Hai cdn Id dja diem thuan lqi cho cac bai cd de, bai ucmi cd giong va cung cap thirc dn cho nhieu lodi thiiy sinh than mem. Cd Tam Giang-Cdu Hai duqc coi la nhiing loai dac him, cd gid h-j thuong pham rat cao vdi ca nude Iq song gan eiia bien, ed nude ngqt song d ciia sdng vd ca di cu theo mua. Nhiing loai ca ngon noi tilng nhu ed day, ca doi, cd dia, ca hanh, cd bong, cd vuqe, cd chinh ngudi Hue thudng gqi Id "ca thuoc bdc", bdi cd tdc dung nhu thuoc an than; dac biet, cd kinh, ca ndu va cd dia hdp mong toi duqc luu truyln Id loai thuoc tri mdt ngii rat hieu qud.(CSRD2010)
Cling vdi pha Tam Giang rdng tren 52km^, chay tli ciia 6 Ldu din ciia sdng Huong, Ddm Cau Hai cd dien tich 104km\ menh mdng nhu bien, duqc diem td bang nhiing hdn dao nhd vdi ciia Tu Hien md loi cho nude dat ddo Mdn ra biln cd vd dam Thiiy Tii tinh lang, noi Cdu Hai vdi thiiy vuc phia Bac qua phd Tam Giang, tao nen ddng nude trong xanh day chat tho de nguqc len eo dd Hul co kinh. Trong phdt trien kinh tl-xa hoi dia phuong, dam pha Tam Giang Cau Hai da trd thdnh noi cung cap ngudn song true tiep cho cdng dong dan cu cua 5 huyen. Vdi tiem nang sinh thai da dang, sinh cdnh thien nhien ky thii, cd nhimg bd cdt dep, mat nude menh mdng; viing dam pha duqc coi la mdt dja danh du bch sinh thdi ly tudng trong tuong lai. Khdng chi cd vdy,vung cdn laMyen giao thdng quan trqng cho dan suan ninh quoc phdng, phdng chong thien tai va dac biet Id ddm bao chuc nang dieu hoa ddng chdy, tilp nhdn, du tru nude, giii gin mdi trudng sinh thai de phat trien bin vung trong tuong lai.
PHATTRliNOAM PHATAMGlANG-cAu HAI,THl/'C TRANG VA NHIjfNG HAN C h i
Tai cdc huyen trong viing, co hon 30 van cu ddn sinh song gan vdi khai thdc tdi nguyen ddm pha.
Tiem nang Tam Giang-Cau Hai duqc khai thdc mdi tap trung vao danh bat, nudi trdng thiiy san; viec khai thdc hiiy diet dd ldm suy kiet ngudn lqi; nhieu tiem nang khde cdn de ngd nen ddi song cu dan cd nhilu khd khan. Trong so hdng van hd ddn sinh song;
14.500 hd chuyen nghe danh bdt cd tdm; ngodi ra, cdn cd hang nghin hq nudi hdng thiiy sdn. Gan ddy, ddn trong vung dd dua 2.700 ha mat nude viing ven
vao nudi tdm vdi san kroiig thu hoach hang nam chimg 2.300 tan. Vdi cdch nudi trdng chdn bdng nd sao, nguon lqi thuy sinh da gidm di dang ke. Mat nude nuoi torn chan sao thu hep ddng chay, da anh hudng bat lqi den moi trudng song tunhien cua nhieu loai thdy sinh Trong vung tdn tai 6 loai nghe khai thac cd djnh va 8 nghe luu dong vdi tren 5 nghin phuong tien lien tuc daMi bat thuy san. Hdu qud khai thac 6 at, thieu quy hoach trong thdi gian dai dd lam suy kiet tai nguyen. Tiep xiic vdi ngu ddn tren vung dSm pha, hau het cd chung nhan xet, ca, tdm, cua, dac biet la nhung loai thom ngon, gia tri kinh te cao ngay mot it di, tham chi khdng cdn xudt hien Do danh bdt 6 at va thieu hqp ly, san luang khai thac da tu tren 4.500 tan/nam, xudng cdn khdng day 2 nghin tan/nam Nhilu ngudi dan trong viing tiing lam nghe danh bat nay da chuyen sang cong viec khac; thanh nien nam.niiphai di noi khac lam an Tai huyen Quang Dien, Phong Diln, Huong Tra, Phii Vang va Phii Lqc, ncri ngu ddn song dua vdo pha Tam Giang, nhilu ngudi phdi rdi lang di lam dn xa.
28 l 3 S i e S I 3 I S a M » a 9 2011
CHU T R U O N G VA V I $ C CAN L A M T R O N G
THiJC TINH TIEM NANG DAM PHA
Tuvi the Ciia Viing ven biln, Tam Giang-Cau Hai cd t h i kit noi vdi Hue de tao thdnh quan the td'ng hqp trong phat huy the manh, md mang phat trien kinh t l ven bien dong thdi vdi phdt huy lqi thi du lich sinh thai, van hda lich sii ciia viing CO dd. Thii tudng Chinh pbii dd ph8 duyet de an "Phdt trien kinh te- xd hpi vdng dam phd Tam Giang-Cau Hai den ndm 2020". Theo dd, Tam Giang-Cau Hai se trdthanh vung cd dilu kien phdt triln kinh t l khd ciia tinh vd sdm trd thdnh khu vuc cd kinh tl ven bien phat trien manh eiia cd nude ( Quyet dinh s6l955/QD-TTg)
Thdi gian qua, nhilu du an phat trien kinh tl, vdn hda, du lich da duqc triln khai. Duan qudn ly khai thdc dam pha Tam Giang-Cau Hai da duqc UBND tinh Thua Thien-Hul hqp tac ciing Chinh phii Italia thuc hien; hdng chuc to' chiic quoc t l khdc da phoi hqp ciing to' chiic trong nude trien khai nhilu chuong trinh, du an nhdm ho trq cho ngudi ngheo va cdng ddng dan cu hudng tdi bao ton he sinh thai vd ndng cao hinh do ddn hi trong viing. Nam 2010, le hdi mang XhrCSong nuoc Tam Giang" da dien ra tai xd Qudng Lqi, huyen Qudng Diln, vdi nhimg boat ddng van hda, the thao, du Ijch thi hien di tich van hda ddc sac ciia viing sdng nude; nhieu tour du Ijch sinh thai, Ijch sii va nghi dudng da duqc cac hang lu hanh dua vdo khai thac, md ra nhiing triln vqng day hiia hen. Tuy nhien, thuc trang dien ra ciing dat ra nhieu van de can duqc xem xet thau dao.
Tong quan boat ddng ciia cdc td' chiic va du dn lien quan din vung Tam Giang Cau Hai ciia Trung tan nghien cuu va phat trien xa hdi (CSRD) gan ddy cho
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MOI TRUdNG I
thay: Tren dia ban 5 huyen thudc vung dam pha, cd 14 du an do 10 to' chiic thuc MSn; trong dd, 90% lien quan den yeu to tdi trq nude ngodi, vdi muc tieu, quy md, dia bdn vd thdi gian thuc hien cd nhimg khde biet. Cd 2 du dn trung han (4 din 5 nam) duqc trien khai d hau hit cdc huyen dam phd; phan ldn du dn cdn lai duqc tM dilm tai Iso nhd xd, thdn tren dia ban mdt vdi huyen tu 1 din 2 nam, (CSRD thdng 7/2011)
Nhin chung, viec triln khai du an deu nham vdo cdi thien sinh kl cho ngudi ngheo, budng den qudn ly tdi nguyen bin vimg. Hoat ddng bo trq ciia nhiing du dn trien khai tap trung vdo tap huan, nang cao nhdn thiic cho ngudi dan nudi trdng, ddnh bat thiiy hdi san vd nang cao nang luc can bq, ho trq cho cdc chi hdi nghe cd. Do cd nhieu du dn thuc Men ndi dung nhu nhau tren mot dia bdn, da dan den khdng it chong cheo; ed noi mdt cdy trong ngdp man nhdn duqc nguon ho trq tii 3,4 du dn; cd liic ngudi dan ddn nhdn nhilu du dn khdng bilt duqc hudng lqi thuc sutirdudnndo.Matkhdc, chinh quyin diaphuong cimg gap khd khan trong huy ddng ngudi tham gia tap huan, dac biet doi vdi nhiing ldp ngudi du huan Myen khdng duqc nhan tiln boi dudng (CSRD 7/2011).
Trong tieu chi lua chqn doi tuqng hudng Iqi vd viec trien khai ndi dung ciia nhilu du an, da ndy sinh khdng it bdt cap. Nhiing uu tien tap huan, day nghe thudng tap trung vao 70% so ngudi ngheo vd can ngheo.
Hq duqc bdi dudng ndng cao nhdn thiic, nhung lal khdng cd vdn triln khai, hqc xong bd dd hoac chi ghi ten den ldp dl rdi nhdn tien bdi dudng. Mdt sd du dn hudng vdo hd trq, tao md hinh chuyen dd'i sinh kl cho ngudi ngheo, song kinh pbi thuc hien ldu dai tMeu tron ven, it hieu qua da dan den tinh trang du an ket thiic, md hinh cimg dl tan theo. Rd rdng Id d viing ddm phd ngudi ngheo ddi an, chi vdi tien trq cap, hq khd dii siic dauMnudi trong thiiy san. Tunhiing khd khdn chuyin dd'i sinh kl ngudi ngheo, nhilu y kiln cho rang de xda ddi giam ngheo, can cd phuong an td'ng thi phdt triln mqi thanh phan kinh tl, dat vi tri va xdc dinh kha nang eiia ngudi ngheo trong td'ng the phat trien dd mdi hy vqng tim duqc giai phdp dau M va tieu chi ho trq thich hqp trong moi quan he lqi ich ciia viing ( Hdi thdo chia se thdng tin vl dam pha Tam Giang-Cau Hai; Hul thang 7 ndm 2011).
Qua trao ddi ciing cac nha nghien ciiu, khd khan nd'i bat trong to' chiic xdy dung va thuc hien du dn
thang 9. 2011 I S S E ^ S S e i r a i 29
I MOI T R U d N G
hd trq hien nay la tMlu nhimg ngMen cuu khao sdt CO bdn lam can cii xay dung phuong an dau ra cho chuyin dd'i sinh kl vd xdy dung quy hoach dong bd theo mdt cMin luqc vdi tam nMn Iqi the.
Nhung so lieu neu ra ve tiem nang Men nay dudng nhu duqc ddn ra M hong dia cM, chua luqng djnh duqc sumat cdn theo thdi gian dd cd nMlu biln ddng ciia su xam Ian, ciia ddn cu sinh sdi lap dam pha Idm nhd, thu hep ddng ke dien tich vd hiiy hoai khdng it tdi nguyen
Phat Men qua dilu ha danh gia ciia CSRD cung cho thay, vide hien khai nMlu duan hong vung chua cd suphoi hqp chdt che vdi chinh quyen diaphuong;
nhieu chuong trinh du dn hinh thdnh thilu gan kit vdi quy hoach vd su sdp xip thdng nhat phii hop vdi tiem ndng va tbI manh ciia vung. Ly giai nhiing ban cbl nay, gidi nghien ciiu vd ede nhd qudn ly cho rang, qud trMh phat trien viia qua chua tao duqc moi lien kit chat che giiia cac to' chiic trien idiai thuc Men vdi nhung nha qudn ly dja phuang vd ngudi dan trong hoach dinh chinh sdch, trien khai hoat ddng qudn ly lien quan din tdi nguyen dam pha vd dac biet Id tMeu cMa se thdng tm giiia cdc to' chiic qudn ly vd doi tuqng chiu su qudn ly.
Khoi day tiem ndng phdt trien ciia viing dam pha Tam Giang-Cau Hai dang ddt ra nhimg nMem vu nang ne nham to' chiic lai sdn xuat theo quy hoach;
on djnh sdn xuat va ddi song, bdo ddm an sinh xa hdi cho ngudi ddn. Muc tieu phdt trien kinh tl-xd hdi ciia vung.theo quylt djnh so !955/QD-TTg eiia Thii tudng Chinh phu xae djnh, Tam Giang- Cau Hai phai sdm trd thanh khu vuc cd kinh t l ven bien phdt tnen manh ciia cd nude.
Nhiing chuong trinh,d6 dn hien khai thuc Men trong nhiing nam qua tai ddy da md ra hudng mdi de cd cdch nhin dung muc vl tilm ndng cd the khai thdc.Tiimuc tieu phdt trien, bang suphdi hqp dang duqc cdi thien giiia chinh quyen dia phuang vdi cdc to chiic thuc Men chuong trinh duan vd nhung chia se giua cac to chiic dang duqc hinh thanh, hy vqng Thiia Thien Hul se tao duqc chuyin biln mdi hudng tdi muc tieu khai thac hqp ly tilm ndng vd Iqi the dia bdn dl Tam Giang-Cau Hai thuc su vuon len, xiing dang vdi vai trd ciia mdt lagoon bd bien ldn d viing Ddng Nam chdu A.H
*TS- Vien Phdt trien Ndng than vd Cdng dong
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ach day 8 nam (2003), ddi phdt thanh Canada cd dua tin ngudi Trung Quoc 6 Hong Kdng td ra phdn biet chiing tdc doi vdi nhimg ai khdng phai la ngudi Trung Quoc va lai khiim mim vdi nhiing ngudi Trung Quoc mien Bac. Cd chuyen nhu vay la do long kieu hanh va siic quyin ru trudc su tang trudng kinh tl khd co nude ndo sdnh kip, cao nhat the gidi ciia Trung Quoc dai luc. Thdi do dd ciia ngudi Trung Quoc Id su tiep noi y thiic ke ca dac trung cho nude Trung Hoa suit trong Ijch sii ciia hq. Mdt so vi du ciia y thiic ke cd dd da duqc nhd Han hqc Paul Schaffer dua ra trong cuon "Trung Hoa cd' xua"''' ciia dng. ^ thiic ke ca ndy cdn duqc truyen sang ca ngudi chau Au thong qua hqc thuylt "Thdi dai mdi", mdt hqc thuylt ton xung tinh uu viet ciia cdc nen van hda khdng phai phuong Tdy va/hoac cd' dai so vdi nen van minh phuong Tdy cdc thiky eu6i ciing ciiathdiTrung Co. Hqc thuyet"Thdi dai mdi" ndy the Men su ham md cua ngudi phuong Tdy doi vdi nhung ngudi dan dat tinh than Phdt gido, Hindu d Viin Dong, doi vdi nIn "Y hqc" phi khoa hoc va phi ly dua tren cac khai niem than dieu.
Thue vay, su quyen rii trudc mot phuong Ddng "day khdn ngoan" the hien dmqi cdp do ciia van hda phuong Tdy: "thu gidn" bang nghi le tdn giao Hindu, kiln tnic va trang tri sao cho thu hut ma luc vdo ngdi nha, tin vdo hda thdn. Va cdn rdt nMeu su than dieu khac
