KHOA HOC - U NG DUNG
NGHE N U O I NGLTA DLfC HOA NET DEP VAN HOA CAN D l / Q C BAO TON
• CH. HA MINH THIEN HAO (*)
TOM TAT
Chdn nudi ngua Id nghe cd truyin thdng tie ldu ddi cua ngudi ddn huyen Due Hda. cd thdi ky duac xem la the mgnh trong phdt triin kinh te vdn hda tren dia bdn. Ngua duac nhieu ngudi tim mua vd cd gid tri kinh ti cao. Mdi con ngua din thdi ky xudt bdn cd gid tren mudi trieu; nhiing con ngua dua cd ddng gidng tdt, ndi tieng tie hai muai trieu trd lin... Nghi nudi ngtfa da trd thdnh nghi truyen tie ddi ndy sang ddi khdc - Id mpt net dep vdn hda duac luu gia din ngdy nay, tuy nhien hi$n cd nguy ca bi mai mpt. Vi thi, cdn hogch dfnh chiin luac phdt trien chdn nudi ngua tgi huyen Dire Hda. ddng thdi gin giii net dep vdn hda kit hpp phdt
trien kinh ti trong tuang lai la diiu cdn thiet.
Tie khda: vdn hda. hogch dinh, chien luac, bdo tdn, ngua dua. Due Hda, ...
SUMMARY
Horse breeding is the long tradition trade of people at Due Hoa district.which is considered the strong point in economic and cultural development in some certain period.
Horses are bought by many people and this creates the high economic value. Each horse at the selling moment has been sold with the price of over ten million dongs; those of good and famous races can reach the price of over twenty million dongs or more.... Breeding horses has been inherited from generation to generation- it is a cultural beauty preserved until this day, but now there is risk that it will be buried in oblivion in the future. Therefore, planning a strategy for the development of horse breeding at Due Hoa district and the preservation of cultural beauty in combination with the economic development in the future is essential
Key words: culture, plan, strategy, preservation, racing horses. Due Hoa ...
1. Dat van dd
Vidt Nam la mgt ddt nudc cd dgc trung sdn xudt ndng nghiep theo mua vy vd che dp lang xa. Do dd, nhidu nghd thu cdng truydn thong, nhidu lang nghd chan nudi, sdn xudt lau ddi hinh thdnh. Cdc lang nghd tdn tai va phat tridn cung vdi su giao thoa ve van hda, kinh te, xa hdi, ddi sdng trong cdng ddng. Nhung khdi nidm nay tuy chi mang tinh chdt tuong ddi, cd khac nhau d mdt sd khia canh nhin nhgn nhung vdn cd nhiing ddc diem gidng nhau ve co ban, ddc biet la xet tu gdc dp vdn hoa, chung ta cd the su dung chung khai niem "lang nghe" va moi ldng nghe deu cd mdt net dep van hda rieng can dugc bao tdn vd phat huy.
Trong nhung nam qua, cdng tac bdo ton vd phdt huy gia tri van hda - cac ldng nghe tmydn thdng da trd thdnh trdch nhiem cua mdi ngudi, bdi cdc gid tri van hda ldu ddi Id bd phdn quan trpng can thdnh mdi trudng sdng vd la mpt trong nhiing ydu td gdp phdn thuc day qua trinh phdt tridn kinh te - xa hdi cua tung dja phuang. Cung vdi sy phat tridn kinh te, xa hgi hidn
(*) Hpc vien Cao hpc - GV T n k m g BH KTCN LA ' * * ' :\'^
KHOA HOC-UNG DUNG
nay, cd rat nhieu dnh hudng den mpt sd net dep van hda tiing vdng mien ndi rieng vd cua dat nudc ndi chung, cd nguy ca lam phai nhat ban sac van hda tmyen thdng cua dia phuang do.
Trai qua cac giai doan thdng trdm cua ljch sd, vung ddt Due Hda - Long An vdi nhidu di tich vd lich su - van hda Idu ddi va cd gid tri ldn ddn ngay nay. Cd thd kd ddn nhu: di tich van hod 6 c Eo, di tich lich su each mgng ngd tu Due Hda... trong dd ldng nudi ngua truydn thdng Due Hda - mpt trong nhiing net van hda dgc ddo cdn dugc bao tdn, phdt huy.
2. Sy can thiit cua vifc giir gin ndt dep van hoa nghe nudi ngua
Nghe nudi ngya da trd thanh nghe truyen tii ddi nay sang ddi khac - la mgt net dep vdn hda dugc luu giii ddn ngay nay, tuy nhidn cd nguy co bi mai mdt. Vi thd, phat trien chan nudi ngya tgi huyen Due Hda vd gm giu net dpp van hda kdt hgp phat tridn kinh td trong tucmg lai Id dieu can thidt.
2.1 Ngya d^i vdi ddi song con ngudi
Hinh tugng con ngya xuat hien td rat sdm trong nen van hda phuang Ddng va phuang Tdy. Ngya ed ddng ve dpp de, oai vd ma thanh nha, hidn ldnh. Con ngya la mpt trong nhung lodi vat duge con ngudi thuan hda vd sd dyng trong ddi sdng hdng ngay.
Ngua duac thd nudi d vung ddt Dire Hda-Long An
Ngya (Ngp) la mdt ttong 12 con gidp eua van hda phuang Ddng, bidu tugng cho sy trung thdnh va tan tyy ddng thdi la bidu hrgng cho tai lgc, didnh cdng, hmh anh con ngya tung vd by vang bidu tugng cho sy kidu hanh, ty do va thanh khidt.
Ddi vdi van hda phuang Tay, ngua gdn lidn vdi nhidu bidu tugng thdn thogi va gdn lidn vdi hinh anh Nhan Ma ttong 12 Cung Hodng dgo. Hinh anh con ngya cdn la chu dd cho cac mdn nghe thu$t nhu hdi hpa, dieu khdc, tha vdn...
l.lJll!lllilJI!iJ«4.1JIAIBI!lffl
KHOA HOC-UNG DUNG Rr^-^i
2.2 Cdng dyng cua ngya
Phan ldn cdc bg phdn tu co thd ngya ddu cd the diing ldm thyc phdm va mang nhieu tac dyng y dugc phong phu:
Trong dm thyc: Thit ngya rdt ngon, vi am ndng, an vao se lam khde gdn, mgnh xuong va la thudc chua dau lung, te bgi, rung tdc, Id hdi ddu... cdn mau ngya cang quy, nd dugc dieu chd lam hang logt cac loai thudc nhu: Chdng ddng mau, tang mien dich, phdng chdng bpnh cho gia sue, kich dye cho vgt nudi, cung cap B12 cho nhieu loai khac...
Xuong ngya dugc nau cao cd the giup tang the lyc va chua dugc rat nhieu benh cho con ngudi. Cdn sda ngya - dd Id logi sua tdt nhat dd thay thd cho siia ngudi vi hdm lugng chdt beo it, nen sua ngya mang vi thanh mdt, cd the udng tuai hoac lam sua chua. Da ngya rdt quy va lam dugc nhidu mat hang ddn dung. Ldng ngya lam bdn chai; ldng dudi ldm cung keo cho ddn violon... Phdn ngya cd thd bdn cay hoac lam thdc an tuydt vdi cho giim ddt.
Ngoai ra, ngya cdn dung de cuoi, ra ttan, keo xe, di chai, thi thd thao, chd hang hda, bieu didn nghd thudt, trang tri Id hgi...
3. Lfch sv vd thyc trang nghe nudi ngya d Dire Hda 3.1 Lich sv
Thap nien 40-50 the ky XX d Vidt Nam ndi chung va cac lang xa ndi rieng vdn cdn dung xe ngya (logi xe diing sue keo cua ngya). Thu choi ngya (ngya dua) du nhgp vao nudc ta khodng ddu thd ky XX, nam 1932, do mgt nhdm thuang gia, sT quan ngudi Phdp thanh lap trudng dua Phd Thg.
Qua nghien cuu vi tri dia ly, khi hdu thdi tidt, dia hinb... Ngudi Phap da chgn vung dat Due Hda bao gdm mgt sd xd nhu: Due Hda Thugng, Due Lap Thugng, Hda Khdnh Nam, My Hanh Nam... dd nhap nhung loai ngya quy, thudn chung ve nudi vd hudn luyen cung cap ngua dua cho trudng dua Phu Thg. Nai day cd lgi the phdt tridn phong trdo nudi ngya dua nhd dien tich ddt kha rpng, nhidu gd cao, ngudn thirc an phong phu vd giau dinh dudng. Nhung gidng ngya d Due Hda da sd la ngya quy, ttdi qua gdn mgt tram ndm cham sdc, nudi duang va diudn hda, ngya da quen didu kidn thdi tidt, khi hgu va thd nhuong d viing ddt Ddc Hda.
Qua qud trinh chpn lgc, nudi dudng ngudi nudi ngya Ddc Hda da luu giu dugc nhiing
con ngya cd bp gien quy nhdp tu Phdp, Anh, Mi, A Rap, Md-hi-cd.
chung cd the ttang ldn, sue manh, toe dg cao phu hgp vdi bdn dia.
Mdt trong nbimg gia dinh cd truydn thong n g h i nudi ngya lau ddi t^i Due Hoa (Anh Ong Bui Van Gidu nhdn Cup Vd dich
ngya nhdm 2 - Gidi Dua ngua Cup 30.4- 01.5.2002 tai trudne dua Phu Tho)
tgo thdnh bd gen thudn
TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP
KHOA HOC - UNG DUNG
Tu do, huyen Diic Hda, tinh Long An trd thdnh nai ndi tidng vd nghd nudi n g y a . dugc xem la cai ndi cua nghd nudi ngya huan luypn va nudi ngya dua di thi dau.
Nhidu ngudi truydn mieng nhau rang: "Ngga Due Hda, gd Cao Ldnh". Nhidu con ngya cd tieng d trudng dua Phu Thg xudt than td day nhu: Hd Thanh, Thoai Phong, Anh My, My Phuang, Long Tidn, Tidu Long Nu, Phi Ydn .... Sd ngya dua tren dia ban huyen cd luc trdn 4.000 con, gia tri trung binh moi con ngya dua khodng 40-50 tridu ddng, khdng hidm con cd gid tri tren 100 trieu. Cd thd ndi vung Ddc Hda tap trung sd lugng ngya dua nhieu nhdt nudc.
3.2.1 T h y c t r a n g
* Tir t r u d n g d u a Phu Thg den cac lang nuoi ngya cua Dire Hda
- Trong qudn ly thyc te cdn tdn tgi mpt mdu thudn kha ldn giiia nhu cau phat tridn kinh td ddt nudc va yeu cdu cua viec giu gin net dep van hda cua mdt vung midn, da ldm anh hudng ddn ddi sdng, phong tyc, truyen thdng cua mgt bg phan ddn cu. Nhdn thdc chua thgt sdu sdc nen dan den vide "hy sinh" van hod cho nhu cdu kinh te phat tridn kinh te.
- Ndm 2011, trudng dua Phu Thg ddng cua, dau ra cua nhiing con ngya dua d cac xa cd truydn thdng nhu Due Lap Thugng, Due Lap Hg, Due Hda Thugng...(huypn Ddc Hda - Long An) hi bd tdc. Nudi dd ldm gi ? Ban eho ai ? Nhieu gia dinh nudi ngya dua bi dnh hudng do trudng dua ngung hogt dgng de su dung cho cac myc dich khac. Cd gia dinh thd chdp vay tien ngan hang mua ngya gid ngya khdng ban dugc do gia re. Trudc day gia mdi con cd gid 40-50 trieu gid chi ban dugc ban 10 trieu de lam du lich hogt gidt thit. Tren dia ban huydn liic nhieu sd lugng ngya cd tren khoang 4.000 con, hien nay gidm xudng cdn khodng 377 con.
* C h u a n g ngya ddng cua, ngirdi nudi n g y a dua quay lung vdi nghe
Ngudi nudi ngya dua d Due Hda khdng cdn ngugc xudi - cudi mdi tudn mang ngya cua minh di "ty thi". Nhung "nai ngya" (ngudi cdi ngya dua: thudng xuat thdn trong nhiing gia dinh cd truyen thdng nudi ngya dua) mdi thang cd the cd thu nhdp phy them khoang bdn den nam trieu ddng tu vide Idm nai ngya thud de cd the phy giup cho gia dinh, nhung nay hp phai thdt nghiep vd chuyen sang nghd khdc.
- Ben cgnh do, viec cham sdc nhung con ngya dua rat tdn kem. Hidn nay, mdt sd gia dinh nudi ngya truyen thong khdng con du kinh chi nudi ngua, phai ban ddn sd ngya dd ldy tien nudi nhung con cdn lai vd tiep tyc duy tri dan ngya. Mdt sd gia dinh chpn cdch ban ngya de xe thit.
- Trudng dua ngung boat ddng lau, dan ngya dua khdng cd ddt thao dgt; ngya dua khdng dua la map ra, mdt cam giac va se khdng cdn la ngya dua chuydn nghiep nua. Mdt dan ngya quy Id dieu khd trdnh khdi, trong khi dd qud trinh tgo dan ngya mdi se vd cung tdn kem, mat thdi gian.
4. Giai p h a p bao ton va phdt trien dan ngya trong chien luge p h a t trien kinh te;
dong thdi gin giir net dep vdn hda truyen thong
Lang nudi ngya Due Hoa dang cd chidu hudng suy giam vd sd lugng cung nhu chdt lugng ngya - ehua dugc bdo tdn gin giii dung mue. Day la mdt thdch thuc ldn - diing dudi gdc nhin vd vide bao tdn.
Phat huy net dep vdn hda vd phai biet kdt hgp phat tridn kinh td - xa hdi tinh nha Id dieu dang quan tdm cua edc cdp, cdc ngdnh. Gidi phdp then chdt dgt ra Id can tgo
KHOA HOC - UNG DUNG
san choi lanh mgnh cho nhiing chu ngya, nhdm giii Iai ddn ngya dua tren dia ban huyen. Ddng thdi khai day phong trdo cho cac chu nudi ngya, gdp phdn gin giu cac gidng ngua dua quy gdn vdi phat tridn kinh te tu vi^c nudi ngya.
Ve mgt quy hoach
Trudc tidn can cd sy quan tam ung hg, quy hogch, td chdc va dau tu hgp Iy cua cdc cdp, ngdnh. Khdi phyc Iai nghe nudi ngya dya tren viec nghien cdu thdng ke thyc te ve didn tich dat chdn nudi, sd hd nudi ngya, so lugng ngya dua,...td do tinh toan quy md va quan ly mdt cdch khoa hpc. Trdnh hien tugng quy hogch, td chuc va qudn ly ty phdt ddn den tinh trang manh mun va khdng ddng bd.
- Can quy hogch dd an, khu vyc cy the vung chan nudi ngya. Xdy dyng va quan ly nghe nudi ngya truyen thdng tu dau vdo cho ddn ddu ra that hieu qua nhu: quy hoach cac trgi nudi ngya, thyc hidn chuang trinh nghien ciiu ngya, dy dn lai tgo ngya, td chuc cac giai thi ddu,...
- Tdng cudng dau tu vd kdt cdu hg tang vd dich vy vd ngya, tu do phat tridn cac dich vu hd trg vd ngya (xay dyng trudng dua, khu cham sdc ngua, du lich tren lung ngya, cho thud ngya, ket hgp tham quan cac khu di tich...)
Ben cgnh dd, khdng nhung phat trien kinh td dya trdn vide chan nudi ngya, vung Due Hda cdn cd khd ndng thu hut khach du lich ddn tham quan, tim hidu ve mdi trudng sdng, each cham sdc ngya dua tu TP.HCM, Binh Duang, Tdy Ninh...va cac vung lan can nhdm ddng gdp them mgt phdn vao ngan sach cua tinh nha hang nam.
Ngudi nudi ngua Due Hda cd ca hgi phat trien nganh nghe truyen thdng. Ddng thdi khuyen khich hp ndng dan trudc day bd nghe nudi ngya dua gay ngua gidng trd lgi. Cac nai ngya da bd nghd tu lau quay trd lgi vdi nghe. Ngya dua d Ddc Hda cd gid trd lgi. Giup ddi sdng hg chdn nudi ngya cd them thu nhap.
• Ve mat q u a n ly
Can thanh lap hiep hgi nghd nudi ngya de ngudi nudi ngya cd the chia se kinh nghiem, td chuc, qudn ly va didu hanh theo doi sd lugng, chat lugng ngya tren dia bdn, dd ra cdc giai phdp kip thdi phat trien dan ngya.
Cdn cd sy phdn cdng rd rang trong vide phdi ket hgp giua hiep hdi, ban nganh dia phuang vdi ngudi su dung, khai thdc cae chuang trinh ve ngya. Dgc biet la sy lien kdt vdi cac gia dinh nudi ngya.Vdi muc tieu ban ddu Id dam bdo hogt ddng dn dinh va dan cai thien ddi sdng cua gia dinh nudi ngua.
Ban hanh van ban chi dgo, hudng dan cy the ve quy trinh td chuc khdi phuc, cung nhu hudng ddn bien soan tdi lieu nham gidi thipu quang bd hinh anh, net dep eua ngua, nghd nudi ngua Due Hda.
• Ve mat t u t u d n g gido due
Cdn xda bd tu tudng dd cao gia tri kinh td nham Ian at cac gia tri van hda. Trong thdi budi "tdc ddt tdc vang" nhu hien nay, thi gid tri van hda thudng xep sau tinh kinh td (vd gid tri kinh td va cd gia tri su dung). Vi the, can tang cudng giao due sy hidu biet cdc kidn thuc vd lgi ich kinh te bdn canh viec bdo tdn net dep van hda.
Chu trgng lam tdt cdng tdc tuyen truyen - giao dye. Tu dd khoi day niem dam md, y thuc bdo ve net dep van hda trong mpi tang ldp nhan dan, dac biet la the he tre. Giao dye ly thuydt gdn vdi thyc hdnh cung van hda ban dia thyc tidn ve nhung
'i«jjiii!imiLJjj.iJiaMa
KHOA HOC - I NG DUNG
net dep cd tu lau ddi, nhdm hudng den viec bdo vp vd phat tridn cdc gia tri bdn vung.
Thdng qua dd phdt tridn kinh td xa hpi tai dia phuang.
5. Ket Lugn
Trong xu thd hpi nhdp vd toan cau hod vd van hda cung nhu tat cd cdc linh vyc, vdn de bao tdn cac gia tri vdn hod, bdn sac cua mdi qudc gia ddn tpc, mdi khu vyc dang la mdt vdn dd thdi sy. Trong do vdn de giu gin cac net dep van hda vung mien dang trd thanh diem quan tdm khdng chi ciia nganh bao tdn bdo tang md con la cua ca cgng ddng.
Net dep van hda tung dia phuang duge vi nhu mdt sgi ddy vd hinh ket ndi cdng ddng, mpi ngudi trong cdng ddng gdn nhau ban, qua do luu giii truyen thdng tdt dep cua dan tdc, ddng thdi giao dye long nhan ai, vi tha va ndng cao y thdc trong ddi sdng, Vi vay, viec gin giu nhirng gidng ngya quy ddng thdi bao tdn net dep vdn hod nghe nudi ngya tgi Due hda khdng de mai mpt - la mue tidu khdng the thieu va dang trd nen cap bach.
Tdi lieu tham khdo Tieng Viet
[1]. Chu Thi Tham, Phan Thi Lai (2005), Hudng ddn nudi Trau Ngua trong gia dinh, NXB Lao Dpng.
[2]. Dang Dinh Hanh, Nguydn Thi Tuydt, Nguyen Van Thien (2009), Nghi Nudi Ngua, NXB Ndng nghipp.
[3]. Elwyn Hartley Edwards (Dich gid: Nhan Vdn) (2006), Nghe thugt chdm sdc Ngua, NXB Giao thdng van tai.
[4]. GS-TS Ngd Ddc Thinh (2010), Nhirng Gid Tri Vdn Hda Truyin Thdng Viet Nam, NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia.
[5]. Nguydn Lan Hung, 1001 cdch ldm dn: Nudi ngua, danviet.vn, 27/02/2011.
Tieng Anh
[1]. Elwyn Hartley Edwards (2010), Race Horse: The Complete Guide to the World of Horse Racing, AA Publishing.
[2]. Prof. Beery's (1963), Illustrated Course in Horse Training, By Beery School of Horsemanship, Pleasant Hill, Ohio.
Ngay nhdn: 11/12/2013 Ngay duydt d a n g : 26/12/2013
