^J^e \dngr,gr ec . el Nam -Sd~il!.
4 . 2 . D e n g h i D e m i r H., Top A., Balkose D., Ulku S.. 2008, live Sil d u n g ket q u a p h a n t k h da d a n s d i t r u y e n gifla adsoipUon behavior of Lufta cylindrica fibers.
cac gidng m d d p dia p h U d n g n g h i e n eUu l a m cd sd Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153 ( I . 2): 3S'J-394.
*••,, , , . - . . . ^ 1 • ' v . - - . . D i e ^ . , T a h i G . C , Z o r o B i . I. A.. M a l i c e M . , B a u d o m d e lua c h o n cac to h d p lai CO h i e u q u a t r o n g c o n e tae \ ' . „ • « -,«„, ^ • • • r T<-<-r. , '^ ^ o 6 J, p. a n d Berlin P.. 2006. Optimization of ISSR c h p n t a o g i o n g m U o p . ^ ^ ^ ^ j . ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ edible-seeded Cucurbilaeeae species' genetic diversit\" analysis. .\(rit.an Journal of TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Biotechnology. Vol. 5 . pp. 083-087.
An J.. Yin M.. Z h a n g Q., G o n g D., J i a X . , G u a n Y. a n d M o h a m m a d i S.A. a n d P r a s a n n a B.M., 2003. .Analysis H u J., 2017. Genome Survey Sequencing of Lufta of genetic diversity in crop plant- Salient statistical Cylindrica L. and Microsatellile High Resolution tool and considerations. Crop Sci. 43(4): 1235-1248.
Melting (SSR-HRM) Analysis for Genetic Rohlf F. J.. 2000. NTSYS-pc: numerical taxonomy and Relationship of Luffa Genotj-pes. International f?iu/fivflnfl(eflHfl/)'si55_j's(em. Exeter Publishing Ltd, 1, Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18, 1942. version 2.1, New York, USA.
Genetic diversity evaluation of luffa collected from some provinces of Northern Vietnam using SSR markers
Le Thi Thu Trang. La Tuan Nghia, Tran Tlii Minh Hang, Hoang Thi Hue, Dam Thi Thu Ha Abstract
102 SSR markers were used to study genetic diversity of 108 luffa accessions collected from some provinces of Northern Vietnam. The results revealed that the total number of alleles detected at 50 loci was 196 with an average of 3.92 alleles per locus; 7 unique alleles at 5 loci were revealed. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values varied from 0.49 (ZIULM70) to 0.85(ZIULM13) with an average of 0.69. In addition, genetic similarity coeffteienls of 108 luffa accession ranged from 0.47 to 0 87. At a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.60; 108 luffa accessions were divided into four groups based on analysis of genetic relationships. Group i comprised 30 luffa accessions with genetic similarit)' coeffieient ranging from 0.65 to 0.87. Group II consisted of 38 luffa accessions divided into 2 sub-groups: Sub-group lla comprised 30 luffa accessions Mith genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 0.67 lo 0.86 and sub-group lib comprised 8 luffa accessions with genetic similarity eoefficient ranging from 0.66 to 0.78.
Group III consisted of 23 luffa accessions with genetic similarit)' coeffieient ranging from 0.62 to 0.75. G r o u p IV consisted of 17 luffa accessions m t h the highest genetic similarity coefficient of 0.82. Tlius, the results are valuable information for luffa conservation and breeding program in \'ietnam.
Keywords: Luffa aegyptiaca. genetic diversity.SSR marker
Ngdy n h d n bai: 12/4/2020 NgUdi phdn bien: PGS.TS K h u a l Hflu T r u n g Ngdy p h a n bien: 25/4/2020 Ngay duyet dang: 2 9 / 4 / 2 0 2 0
NGHIEN CLfU XU* LY BUN THAI CUA NHA M A Y SAN XUAT BIA LAM PHAN BON HUXJ CO
\'u Thuy Nga', LUdng Hflu Thanh', Nguyen Thi Thu'.
Dam Thi Huyen', Dam Trpng Anh', Nguyen Ngpc Quynh', Hda Thi Sdn'. Nguyen Kieu Bang Tam', Dd \ ^ n Manh^
T O M T A T
Mue tieu efla nghien cflu Id danh gia eae dac tinh sinh hda va tiem nang xfl !y him thai eua nha may bia lam phan bdn hflu ed eho cdv irdng. Ket qua nghien cflu cho thay b u n thai cua nha may bia Sdi Gdn chfla ham lUpng chat hflu CO khd eao (33,74 - 33.S7%). ham lUdng Xild tdng sd eao (1,378 - 3.85%), kaH dat mflc trung binh (0,133 - 0,411%) va Idn long sd d m u c ngheo (0.039 - O.n'^o). Sau 30 ngay xfl ly bfln bdng che pham vi sinh vat. qua trinh u lam thay ddi ham lUpng ede chat trong bun vd loai bd vi sinh vdt gay benh. Ham lUdng hflu cd dat 21,42%, N,^ dat 1,84%, ' Vien Mdi trUdng Ndng n g h i e p ; ' TrUdng Dai hpe Khoa hpc T u nhien, Dai hoe Qudc gia Hd Ndi
•\*ien Cdng nghe Mdi trUdng, \'ien Han lam Khoa hoc Cdng nghe Viet Nam
Tap ChiKhoa hoc Cong nghe N6ng nghiep Viet Nam -S6 4(U 3)/2020 P^^d^t 0,06% vaK|_d^l 0,128%; dp am dat 29,4% Phdn u dat tieu chuan phan bdn hdu ed theo Nghi dinh 84/2019/
ND-CP efla Chinh phfl. Danh gia hieu qua eua phdn u dUpc nghien cUu tren cdy ddu cove trong thi nghiem chau v^i cho thay re cay phat trien tdt hdn va trpng lupng qua tren eay eao hdn 23,6% so vdi ddi ehdng. Qud trinh xd ly bun thai nhd may bia da mang lai mdt sdn pham phan bdn hflu ed.cd the sfl dung trong ndng nghiep Idm lang them ngudn dinh dfldng eho dat.
Td khoa: Bun thai, nha may bia. xd ly, phan hflu cd LDATVANDE
Bia Id mdt trdng cae dd udng Idu ddi nhat md loai ngddi da tad ra vd dddc tieu thu Idn nhat the gidi. Cdng nghe san xuat bia sfl dung mdt lUdng Idn nUdc vd 70% lddng nUdc dUdc thai ra dddi dang ndde thai, theo dde tinh de sdn xuat ra 1 Ut bia thi Iflijng nflde thai thai ra mdi trUdng la 3 - 10 lit, trong dd liidng chat thai khd sau khi dfldc lang tu lai (bun thdi bia) chiem khddng 10% tdng the tich nflde thai (Fillaudeau et ai, 2006). Bfln thai nhd mdy bia gdm nhieu chat hflu ep ed gia tri dinh dUdng rat eao ma phan hflu cd thdng thudng khdng cd. Ben canh nhflng gid tri dinh dUdng tfldng tfl dac tinh cua Idai phdn hdu ca truyen thdng, bun thdi bia cdn cd nhieu du diem khac do ket qua efla qua trinh phdn hdy ky khi (GuUzar Caliskan et ai, 2014).
Bun thdi khi thai trde tiep vdo dat ma khdng qua xfl ly se gdy mat oxy trong dat, gay hai den he vi sinh vat cd san vd lan truyen mam benh vi sinh vat ed hai ra mdi trfldng. Vi vdy, neu khdng cd phddng an sfl dung bun thai triet de vd kip thdi thi ve lau dai se gay anh hddng den mdi trUdng. Hien nay, cd rat nhieu bien phdp xfl ly bun thai bia nhU sfl dung hda chat, chdn lap hoac u ddng, sinh hpc,... trong dd, xfl ly theo phfldng phdp sinh hpc (d compost - cd sfl dung vi sinh vdt cd ich ldm tdc nhan sinh hpe) khdng nhdng dat hieu qua cao, rfll ngan thdi gian fl, han che d nhiem mdi trddng md san pham tao thdnh sau khi xfl ly cdn cd the sd dung nhfl ngudn phdn bdn cd chat lupng (Prescott et ai, 2002).
IL VAT Ll£U VA PH0ONG PHAP NGHIEN CCU 2.1. Vat lieu nghien cdu
- Mau bun thai dUpc lay tai nhd may bia Sai Gdn - Me Linh (SG-ML), dia ehi: dUdng Vd Van Kiet, xa Quang Minh, huyen Me Linh, Hd Ndi va efla Cdng ty CP bia Sdi Gdn mien Trung (SG-DL), dia ehi:
sd 01 dddng Nguyen \ ^ Linh, phfldng Tan An, TR Budn Ma Thudt, Dak Lak.
- Che pham BioEM cua Vien Mdi trddng Ndng nghiep. Che pham chfla eac chung vi sinh vdt sinh enzyme ngoai bdo {Bacillus sp., Streptomyces sp. vd Saccharomyces sp.) cd mat dp te bdo dat I O^CFU/g.
- Phdn hflu ed (phdn bd Tribal) ciia cdng ty Sai Gdn Xanh, la phan bd hdai muc da xfl ly sach mam benh va edn trung gay bai.
- Gidng dau cove lim hat trang eda edng ty Gidng eay trdng Phd Ndng.
2.2. Phddng phap i^hien cdu
2.2.1. Phan tich cdc dac tinh cua bun thdi nhi mdy bia
Phfldng phap lay mau theo TCVN 6663-13:2015.
Mau duoc lay vd chuyen ve phdng thi nghiem, bad quan dieu kien lanh d nhiet dp 4''C.
- Chi tieu N , ^ dUdc phan tich theo TCVN 8557:2010.
- Chi lieu P^,^ ^ dUpe phan tich theo TCVN 8563:2010.
- Chi tieu K^. ^ dUdc phdn tich thed TCVN 8562:2010.
- Chi tieu Axit humic vd fulvie dupe phdn lieh theo TCVN 8561:2010.
- Chi tieu Caebon hflu co dupe phdn tich theo TCVN 9294:2012.
Chi tieu Na dupe phdn lieh theo TCVN 6196-3:2000.
- Chi tieu Ca, Mg dUdc phdn tich theo TCVN 12598:2018.
- Chi tieu Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, Pb dUde phdn tich theo TCVN 6496:2009 (ISO 11047:1998).
Chi tieu Asen dUpe phan tich theo TCVN 8467:2010 (ISO 20280:2007).
- Chi tieu vi sinh vdt gay benh E.coli, Coliform dupe phdn tich theo TCVN 6187-2:1996;
Salmonella dUde phdn tich theo TCVN 4829:2005 (ISO 6578:2002).
Tapchih.noa nocC6ngngr.e \dng nghiep Viet Nam -564(113} •202C
2.2.2. PhUdngphdp u compost a) Thdnh phdn nguyen lieu
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Bang 1. Thanh p h a n eae nguyen phdi trdn lam ph Nguyen vat lieu Bun thai nha may bia Tro trau M u n eUa Vdi bdt Che p h a m vi sinh vat (BioEM)' Ri d u d n g N u d e sach
an hflu cd D O n v i
m^
kg kg kg kg kg Ul
lieu
H a m lilong U 500 1000 U 1 3 3 - 5 5 - 1 0
L
Chu thich: 'Che pham BioEM Id sdn pham cua Vien Moi trUdng Nong nghiep dUdc phep lUu hdnh dp dung rpng rai trong sdn xudt theo giay chdng nhdn sd 08/LH- CPSHMT ngdy 11/12/2019 cua Bp TNMT.
b) Cdch phoi trpn nguyen lieu
- Dau tien phai lao dich che pham vi sinh vat bdng each: hda lan ri dfldng vao nfldc, sau dd eho che pham vi sinh vat vdo vd trdn deu trddc khi sd dung.
- Phdi trdn nguyen lieu hdu cd thed thanh phan d bang 1. Sfl dung binh tddi phun deu dich che pham vi sinh vat da ehuan bi trddc len be mat nguyen lieu hdu cd, sau dd, sfl dung mdy xuc de ddo trdn deu.
c) V nguyen heu
- Hdn hdp sau khi phdi trdn ed dp am 50 - 55%
dflpc tao eae ludng fl ed ehieu cao khdng vUpt qua 80 cm va ehieu rdng td 100- 120 cm. Sfl dung bat che tranh mfla fldt.
- Khdi fl dUde coi la dam bao khi thay dau hieu boat ddng eua vi sinh vdt (sinh khdi vi sinh vdt tao eae Idp mdu trdng ddng nhat dang sdi ngdn tren be mat vd dfldi be mat 20 - 30 em, nhiet dp khdi u khodng 55 - dCC).
- Sau 10-15 ngay u. ddo trpn lai eac ludng fl, dam bao sfl phan ldn ddng deu efla sinh khdi vi sinh vdt.
Trong qud trinh dao trdn ed the bd sung them nfldc vdi mue dich tranh de ddng fl bi qua khd.
- Khi nhiet dp khdi fl da gidm xudng bdng nhiet dp mdi trfldng (20 - 30 ngay sau u) thi kiem tra chat Iflpng phdn sau u.
2.2.3. Ddnh gid dnh hiidng phdn H den sU sinh trUdng, phdt trien cua cdy dau cove
Thi nghiem thflc hien tai nha Ifldi Vien Mdi trddng Ndng nghiep td thang 1 - 2 nam 2020. Cay dau dddc trdng trong chdu kich thddc (D ^ R x C
= 30 X 30 X 45 cm) ehda dat phu sa sdng Hong vdi khdi Idpng 20 kg dat khd/chau. Thi nghi?m dd^c bo tri hoan todn ngau nhien, nhdc lai 5 lan vdi 2 cdng thdc gdm: (1) Cdng thdc dot chdng: Phdn bd Tribal;
(2) Cdng thdc thi nghi?m: Phdn u tfl bun thai bia.
Hat ddu gidng dddc gieo vdi mdt dp 4 hat/chdu.
Sau khi nay mam, hai cd)' eon tdt nhat dflpc gid Iai de lam thi nghiem. Lddng phan bdn va each bdn nhd sau:
- Dpi 1 (bdn Idt): Phan hdu cd (66,7 g/chgiu), dam ure (0,1 g/chdu), ldn sulphat (0,4 g/chau) va kah clorua (0,1 g/chdu).
- Dpt 2 sau 12 - 15 ngay: dam ure (0,1 g/chdu), kah clorua (0,8 g/chdu).
- Ddt 3 khi hda rd: dam ure (1,5 g/chau). kali clorua (0,8 g/chau).
2.2.4. Chi tieu theo doi
• Chi tieu sinh trfldng; Cao cay, dp dai re, trpng Ifldng khd than Id .
- Chi tieu eau thdnh nang suat: Chieu ddi qua. sd qud/eay, trpng Idpng qua/edy.
2.2.5. PhUdng phdp xd ly so lieu
Sfl dung phan mem Excel de quan ly sd li?u, tinh loan, sfl dung phan mem IRRISTAT 5.0 de xd ly thdng ke.
2.3. Thdi gian vd dia diem nghien cdu Nghien cdu dxidc thflc hien tfl thang 7 nam 2019 den thdng 2 ndm 2020, lai Vien Mdi IrUdng Ndng nghiep vd khu xfl ly bun eua Cdng ty CP bia Sdi Gdn mien Trung d sd 01 dUdng Nguyen Van Linh, phUdng Tdn An, TP. Budn Ma Thudt, Dak Lak.
lU. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Thanh phan cac chat, eac chi tieu dinh dddng quan trpng trong bun thai bia
3.1.1. Dinh dUdngda lUdng trong biin thdi bia Bdng 2. Chi tieu dinh dUdng da lUdng
trong bfln thai nhd may san xuat bia
STT
1 2 3 4 3 6
Chi tieu plian tich
N , , , . . K,,.,..
P«.,.*
Axit humic Axit fulvie Carbon hiiu ca
D o n vi
%
%
% %
%
%
H a m l u o n g t r o n g biin thai n h a m a y
Bio Bia SG-DL SG-ML
1,378 0,133 0,039 4,470 6,860 29,720
3,850 0,411 0,120 1,400 9,150 26,210
u.
Tap chi Khoa hoc Corg r neo Viet Nam-56 411 !3' 2020
Theo Le Mn Cdn (1978). mflc danh gid hdm idpng dam tdng sd trong dat: gidu (> 0.3%); trung binh (0,1 - 0,3%); ngheo (< 0,1%). Mdc danh gid ham lddng ldn tdng sd Irong dat: gidu ldn (> 0.13%);
trungblnh (0,06 - 0,1 %); ngheo Idn (0,04 - 0,06%); rat ngheo ldn (< 0,03%). Mdc danh gid ham Iflpng Kali long sd trong dat; cao (> 2%); trung binh (1 - 2%);
thap (< 1%). Sd lieu bang 2 eho thay ham lddng N^^^.^dat mdc gidu, tfl 1,378 - 3,85%, tfldng tp vdi nghien cflu cua Vd Thi Kieu Thanh vd edng tac vien (2012) tren mau bun thai bia cua Viet Nam (N . .
"• ' • * l o n g s i
= 1,86%), tfldng tu vdi nghien cdu tren bun thdi bia cua Kanagachandran vd Jayaratne (2006) (vdi N ,
^ 4.5%) vd phfl hpp vdi bfln thai bia dflpc thu tai nha may bia d tinh Sdc Trang, Tien Giang vd Bac Lieu eua Nguyen Thi Phfldng va cdng tdc vien (2016) (vdi N, ,lfl 1,81-4,65%).
Ham lupng P^^^^ ^^^ dat mdc nghed den trung binh 0,039 - 0,12%, thap hdn sd vdi nghien cflu tren bfln thdi bia cua Kanagachandran vd Jayaratne (2006) (edgialriP^g^^^Ja3,3%).
Hdm Iflpng K^^,_^^ ^^ thap, tfl 0,133 0,411%.
tdPng td kel qud nghien edu tren bun thdi bia eda Kanagachandran va Jayaratne (2006); Alemnesh Bejiga (2019) va Nguyen Thi Phdong va edng lac vien (2016) vdi ham lddng K^,.^,,^. lan lupl la 0,2%;
0.13% va 0,16-0,74%.
Hdm lUdng carbdn td 26,21 - 29,72% tUdng lU nhd bad cdo eda Alemnesh Bejiga (2019) va bao cio cua Nguyen Thi Phuong vd edng tae vien (2016) tren bun thdi bia vdi %C lan luot la 29% va 21,53 - 42.81%. Ham lUdng chat hflu cd cua mdu bun thdi nghien cflu dfldc ddnh gid d mfle gidu, rat thieh hpp de sfl dung lam chat ddn khi d phan hflu cd giflp tang cfldng dp thodng khi vd thuc day qud trinh hoai muc cua chat hflu ed trong khdi u.
3.J.2. Dinh dUdng trung, vi lUdng trongbitn thdi bia Bang 3. Cae chat dinh dUdng trung.
vi lupng trong bun thai bia Hdm lupng trong STT Chi tieu
phan tich Ddn vi Kem
Mangan Ddng Magie Canxi
bun thai nha may Bia Bia JG-DI^^ SG-ML
274,440 113,500
mg/kg 350,440 143.970 1535.130 10000
232,760 211,350 2615,7 9019.9 Ham lupng Mangan (bang 3) dat 232,76 350,440 rag/kg, eao hon so vdi nghien cdu cua Kanagachandran vd Jayaratne (2006) (Mn - 46 mg/kg) va nghien cflu cua Vd Thi Kieu Thanh va cdng tdc vien (2012) (Mn^^ - 93,55 mg/kg) cung thflc hien tren bfln thai bia. Hdm lupng kem td 113,5 den 274,44 mg/kg. dddi ngUdng eho phep cua hpp chat kim loai trong bun thdi theo QCVN 07:2009/
BTNMT - Quy ehuan ky thudt Qude gia ve ngUdng chat thdi nguy hai, va dat mflc yeu cau ddi vdi ham Iflpng vi Iflpng trong dat.
Ham Iflpng Ddng trong eac mau nghien cflu dat 143,97 -211,350 mg/kg, tflPng tfl vdi kel qua nghien cdu td bfln thai bia cua Vd Thi Kieu Thanh va cdng tdc vien (2012) vdi gid tri Culd 110 mg/kg. Phan tich cdc dinh dudng trung lUdng eho thay trong mau bun nghien cflu rat gidu cac nguyen td Magie va Canxi (Bang 3). Do vay, xfl ly ngudn bfln thai bia nay Idm phdn bdn hflu ca se rat tdt eho edy trdng.
3.1.3. Yeu td han che trong bun thdi bia Trong mau bfln nghien cflu chfla mdt sd kim loai nang vdi hdm lupng nhat dinh dUpe ghi lai trong bang 4.
Bang 4. Ham lUpng eac kim loai nang trong bun thai bia
STT
1 2 3 4
Chi tieu phan tich Asen Thuy ngan Chi Cadimi
Dflnvi
mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg
Ham trong biin SG-DL
2,609 0,019 5,320 0,290
liiong nha may bia
SG-ML 9,790 0,008 12,880 0,856
Mdc gidi han theo Nghi dinh 84/20I9/ND-CP ve phan bdn cua Chinh phu
<10
noG noc cdng nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam -564il 13I-2'2L Hdm lddng cdc nguyen to Asen, Thuy ngdn, Chi va Cadimi (bang 4) deu dfldi ngUdng cho phep theo quy dinh ve cac kim loai ndng ed trong phan bdn hflu cd. VI vdy, mau bun nghien edu hddn todn cd the dupc tai sd dung lam phdn bdn cho ndng nghiep.
Trong mau bdn nghien cdu ehda \'i sinh vdt gay benh,vdimatdd£.eo/i, Co/i/drm lan Idptld 1,43 x 10\
2,8 X lO^CFU/g vd khdng phat hien thay Salmollena,
tddng td vdi nghien cdu eda Nguyen Thj Phuong vd cdng tac vien (2016) khi phdn lich dde tinh bun thai nhd may bia Heineken.
3.2. Chat lddng phan u
Nghien edu cho thay qud trinh u compost cd bd sung che pham vi sinh vdt dd cd su thay doi ve ham lupng thdnh phan cua cP chat trong qua trinh u (Bang 5).
Bang 5. Thanh phan cae chat efla bun thai trudc vd sau fl 30 ngay STT
'
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Chi tieu phan tich
N„„,„
K,^«
Prtdgid Axil humic Axit fulvie Carbon hflu ed Dp am p H H.S Conforms Saitnonella
D o n vi
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
g/1 CFU/g CFU/g
TrUdc a
0.95 0,148 0,014 3,16 10.12 31.27 56,6 7,64 6,08 3,2.10'
Ham lUOng cdc chat trong c6ng thijlc Sau xa ly (sU dung
che pham vsv) 1,84 0,128
0,06 4,22 10,57 21,42 29,4
7,8 0.02
Ddi chiing (khong sU dung chi pham vsv)
1.02 0,134 0.02 3 3 8 11.82 29.36 48,2 7,2 6,34 4,64.10'
3,3.10"
Sau qud trinh xd ly, d edng thflc sd dung che pham vi sinh vat, hdm lupng eacbon hflu cd trong nguyen Heu dat 21,42%, ham lddng H,S giam, chi cdn mdt lUdng rat nhd (0,02 g/l). Dp am cua nguyen lieu dat 29,4% da giam manh so vdi ddi chdng. dieu nay la do nhiet do dong u tang cao lam that thoat hdi nUdc trong ddng u. Hdm lUpng N , , P . tang, ed the do do am eua nguyen heu da giam nhieu so vdi ban dau dan den sU thay ddi ve thdnh phan trong phan fl Kiem tra khdng phat hien thay Coliforms vd Salmollena sau 30 ngay fl, chflng td nhiet dp trong ddng d tdng cao khdng nhflng day nhanh qua trinh chuyen hda hdp chat hdu ed, gidm H,S md edn ed tac dung de che, tieu diet vi sinh vat gdy benh, giam nguy cd gay d nhiem mdi trddng.
Cdng thdc ddi chflng khdng sd dung che pham, dp am eua ddng u giam dat 48,2%, cdc ehi lieu khac ed sfl thay ddi nhdng khdng dang ke. dac biet H,S gan nhfl khdng ed sd sai khde so vdi ban dau, thdm ehi la tang, chflng td trong ddng fl van xdy ra qud trinh phdn huy eac chat. Sau 30 ngdy thi nghiem.
d cdng thflc doi chflng xuat hien ca Coliforms va
Salmollena, trong khi kiem tra mau ban dau chi phat hien Coliforms vdi mat dp 3,2.10' CFU/g, do bun thai bia rat gidu dinh dudng vd la mdi trUdng thuan Ipi de cdc chung vi smh vat gay benh phdt trien neu khdng ed bien phap kiem sodl (Slocks C , Barker A J., Guy S., 2002).
Sau 30 ngay xfl ly bfln thdi bia bdng ky thudt u compost cd sfl dung che pham vi sinh vdt. chat Ifldng phan fl dat yeu eau lam phdn bdn hflu cd theo nghi dinh 84/2019/ND-CP eua ehinh phfl ve phdn bdn.
3.3. Nghien edu dnh hudng cua phdn u td bun thai bia den sd sinh trUdng, phat trien cua cay dau cove Cae ehi tieu sinh trudng, phat trien eua eay dau cove ghi lai d bdng 6 vd 7.
Cdng thflc bdn phan fl tfl bun thai bia (bang 6), eho thay re eay phdt trien tdt hdn, thdng qua dp ddi re ldn hdn so vdi cdng thdc doi chdng (bdn phdn bd Tribal), phfl hdp vdi nghien cflu eua Kanagachandran vd Jayaratne (2006) ve so sanh hieu qua efla viec sd dung bfln thai bia va phan hflu cd tren cdv dt
lap chiKhoa hoc Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 4[ f n 2020 Bang 6. Cac ehi lieu sinh trudng eua cay dau cove
(Thi nghiem nha lUdi tfl thdng 1 - 2/2020 tai vien Moi trUdng Nong nghiep) Cong thdc thi nghiem Chieu cao cay
(cm)
Do ddi ri (cm)
Trong lUOng kho than la (g/cay)
Chieu dai qua (cm) Phan bo Tribal (DC)_ _
Phan u til biin thai bja (TN) Cl'(%) _ . _ _.
tSD„ 3,102
18,50
^6,7(r 5,8 2,260
10,74 11,86 9,6 1,879
12,65 15,10' S,5 1,567 Ghi chu: *: Bieu thi sU khde nhau CO y nghia mdc P < 0,05.
Sd lieu thi nghiem (bang 7) eho thay sd dung phdn u tfl bun thai bia bdn cho cay ddu cdve, trpng lupng qua/cay dat 26,67 gr, cao hpn 23,6% so vdi doi chflng (bon phdn bd Tribal) vdi sfl sai khde cd y nghia 95%.
Bang 7. Cac chi tieu yeu td cau thdnh nang suat cay d?u cove (Thi nghiem nha lUdi id thang 1 - 2/2020
tai vi^n Mdi trUdng Ndng nghiep) Cdng thdc thi
nghiem i Phan bd Tribal
(DC)
IPhan u tfl bfln thai bia (TN) : CV(%) i I LSD,„,
So qua/ Trong Trpng lUdng cdy I lUdng qua/ | qua/cay tang ' (qua) cay(gr) soDC(%)
6,25
lh3_
1,321 21,58
5,1 1,249
Ghi chit: *: Bieu thi sU khde nhau co y nghia mUc P < 0,05
IV. KET LUAN
- Bun thai eua nha may bia Sai Gdn chfla hdm Iflpng chat hflu cd kha cao (33,74 - 33,87%), hdm Ifldng Nitd tong sd eao (1,378 - 3,85%), Kali dat mflc trung binh (0,133 - 0,411%) va ldn tdng sd d mflc ngheo (0,039 - 0,12%). Hdm Iflpng kim loai ndng gom Tliuy ngan, Chi. Asen va Cadimi deu dfldi ngddng gdy hai. Ngudn bfln thai nay rat thieh hpp lam nguyen heu cho viec tdi sfl dung vd san xuat phdn bdn hflu eo.
- San pham eua qua trinh u bun thdi bia bdng che pham vi sinh vdt sau 30 ngdy xfl ly dat chat Ifldng ve phdn bdn hflu ed theo Nghi dinh 84/2019/ND- CP cua ehinh phu Viet Nam ve phdn bdn. Phdn u cd ham Idpng hdu ed dat 21,42% (> 20%), dd am dat 29.4% (< 30%) vd pH 7,8 (> 5).
- Sd dung phan hdu cd tfl bun thdi bia sau xd ly bon eho edy dau cove, re edy phat trien tdt hdn va trpng Ifldng qua tren edy cao hdn 23,6% so vdi bdn phan bd hoai miie trong dieu kien thi nghiem nhaIfldL
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Le Van Can, 1978. Gido trinh Nong Hoa. Nhd xuat bdn Ndng nghiep Ha Ndi.
Nguyen Thi PhUdng, Nguyen My Hoa, D6 Thi Xuan, V6 Thi Thu Tran, Lam Nggc Tuyet, 2016. Dae tinh bun thdi tfl he thdng xd ly nUdc thai cua nha mdy san xual bia vd che bien thuy san. Tap chi Khoa hoc TrUdng Bqi hoc Cdn Via, 45a: 74-81.
QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT. Quy ehuan ky thuat Qude gia ve ngUdng ehal thdi nguy hai.
TCVN 6663-13:2015 (ISO 5667-13:2015). Tieu ehuan Qude gia ve Chat lUdng nUdc - Lay mau - Phan 13:
Hudng dan lay mau bun.
TCVN 8557:2010. Tieu chuan Viet Nam ve phan bdn - PhUdng phap xac djnh nito long sd.
TCVN 8563:2010. Tieu ehuan Viet Nam ve phdn bdn - PhUdng phap xac dinh phot pho tdng sd.
TCVN 8562:2010. Tieu chuan Viet Nam ve phan bdn - PhUdng phdp xac dinh kali long sd.
TCVN 8561:2010. Tieu chuan Viet Nam ve phdn bdn - PhUdng phap xac dinh axit humic va axit fulvie.
TCVN 9294:2012. Tieu chuan Qudc gia ve phan bdn - Xde djnh eacbon hflu ca tdng so bdng phfldng phap walkley black.
TCVN 6196-3:2000. Tieu chuan Viet Nam ve chat lupng nUdc - Xac djnh nalri va kali - Phan 3: Xac dinh natri va kali bdng do pho phat xa ngpn Ida.
TCVN 12598:2018. Tieu chuan Quoc gia ve phan bdn - Xac dinh ham lupng eanxi vd magie long sd bdng phUdng phap the tich.
TCVN 6496:2009 (ISO 11047:1998). Tieu chuan Qude gia ve chat lUpng dat - Xac dinh Cadimi, Crom, Cohan, Chi, Ddng, Kem. Mangan va niken Irong dich chiet dat bang eUdng thuy - cae phUdng phap phd hap thu nguyen tfl ngon Ida va nhiet dien (khdng ngpn Ifla).
TCVN 8467:2010 (ISO 20280:2007). Tieu chuan Qude gia ve chat lddng dat - Xac dinh Asen, Antimon va Selen trong dich chiet dat eUdng thuy bang phUdng phdp phd hap thu nguyen Id theo ky thudt nhiet dien bode tao hydrua.
TCVN 6187-2:1996. Tieu chuan Quoc gia ve chat lUpng nUdc. Phat hien va dem \i khuan Coliform, vi khuan 125
Jap chi Khoa hoc Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - 5 j -^i f i 3'.
Co/i/onn ehiu rihietx-aEsdtfriduaco/i gia d i n h Phan 2: Gulizar Caliskan, Gokhan Giray, TXigba Keskin PhUdngphdp nhieu dng (sd c o x a e sual cao nhat). Gundogdu, Nuri Azbar, 2014. Anaerobic T C \ ' N 4829:2005 (ISO 6578:2002). Tieu chuan Viet Biodegradation of Beer Production Wastewater at a
Nam ve vi sinh vat trong thUe pham va thflc an Field Scale and Explotalion of Bioenergj' Potential chan nudi - PhUdng phap phat hien Salmonella tren of Other Solid Wastes from Beer Production.
dia thach. International Journal of Renewable Energy i& Biofueb.
Vd Thi Kieu Thanh, LI Thi Anh Hdng, Phung Huy DOI: 10.5171/2014.664594
Hudn, 2012. Nghien cdu san xual phan vi sinh cd Kanagachandran K., Jayaratne R., 2006. Utilization dinh dam tfl bun thai nha may bia Viet Nam. Tap chi
Sm/i/ipe. 34:137-144. Potential of Brewery Waste Water Sludge as an Organic Fertilizer. /. Inst. Bew., 112 (2); 92-96.
Alemnesh Bejiga, 2019. College of natural and „ . . , „ , . T, T.r, . rx . ^n^-, , ,. , . , r * . , , . Prescott L.M., Harley J.P., Klein D.A., 2002.
computational sciences center tor enviromental science. •, Addis Ababa University. Microbiology. 5'^ Edition. McGraw-Hill. New York.
Fillaudeau L., Blanpain-Avet R, Daufin G., 2006. ^ P^'
Water, wastewater and waste management in Stocks C, Barker A J., Guy S., 2002. The composting brewing industries. Journal of Cleaner Production, of brewery s\udge. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 14:463-471. 108:452-458.
Treatment of brewery waste sludge as an organic fertilizer
Vu Thuy Nga, Luong Huu Thanh. Nguyen Thi Thu, Dam Thi Huyen, Dam Trong Anh, Nguyen Ngoc Quynh.
Hua Thi Son. Nguyen Kieu Bang Tam, Do Van Manh Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the biochemical characteristics and the potential of treatment of brewery waste sludge as an organic fertilizer for crops. The results indicated that Saigon brewery sludge contained quite high organic conient (33.74 - 33.87%); the total nitrogen was high (1.378 - 3.85%); the potassium level was m e d i u m (0.133-0.411 %) and the total phosphorus level was poor (0.039 - 0.12%). 30 days of treatment of sludge using microbial inoculants, the composting process changed the content of ingredients and eliminated pathogenic microorganisms.
Tlie organic matter reached 21.42%; total N reached 1.84%; total P reached 0.06% and total K reached 0.128%; the moisture reached 29.4%. Tlie compost product met organic fertilizer standards according to Decree No.84/2019/
N D - C P of Vietnam Government. The evaluation of the effect of compost product on c o m m o n bean in pots showed that roots grew better and fruit weight was 23.6%, higher than in the control. The brewery sludge treatment process yielded an organic fertilizer that could be used in agriculture as a soil addition nutrient source.
Keywords: Sludge, brewery, composting, treatment, organic fertilizer
Ngdy n h d n bdi: 12/3/2020 N g d d i p h d n bien: TS. Le Thi T h a n h T h u y Ngdy p h a n bien: 19/3/2020 Ngdy duyet d a n g : 2 3 / 0 3 / 2 0 2 0
NGHIEN CUtJ THU NGHIEM CHE PHAM SINH HOC PI DIET TUYEN TRUNG GAY BENH CAY HO TIEU TAI T I N H DAK L A K
Chu Thanh Binh', Tran Van Tuan' ^ Biii Thi Viet Ha''' T O M T A T
C h u n g Paecilomyces sp. PI dUpc phan lap tfl dat trdng hd lieu khu vUc linh Dak Lak Id chimg nam spi diet tuyen trung tiem nang. Che p h a m sinh hpc PI dang dich the dupe tien hanh thfl nghiem kha nang diet tuyen trung d quy md nhd ludi cho hieu lUc dat 22.2'?o - 52,48% sau 30 ngay Ddi vdi cay hd tieu tU 5 - 7 nam tuoi. khi sd dung che p h a m cho ndng sual hd tieu lang 7,42% so vdi ddi chflng sau 12 thdng tren md hinh 3 ha.
T d k h d a : Cay hd lieu, tuyen trflng, Paecilomyces sp., che pham sinh hpe PI
' TrUdng Dai hpc Khoa hpe Tu nhien, Dai hpc Qude gia Ha Ndi
• Phdng thi nghiem trong diem Enzyme va Proleui, TrUdng Dai hpc Khoa hpc T u nhiSn ' Trung tdm Khoa hpe Su sdng, Khoa Sinh hpc. TrUdng Dai hoc Khoa hpc TU nhien
