Ket qua nghidn CLPU khoa hgc BVTV-S6 6/2015
THANH P H A N V A B I ^ N D ( ? N 6 S 6 L U - Q N G C O A CAC LOAI K l i N THUOC PHAN HQ Formicinae va Myrmicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) TREN CAC SINH C A N H TAI TRAM D A DANG SINH HOC ME LINH - VINH PHUC
Composition and Variable Number of Ants in the Subfamily Formicinae and Myrmicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Different Habitats at Me Linh
Biodiversity Station - Vinh Phuc Province
N g u y i n Ddc Dai
Vipn Sinh thSi va TSi nguydn sinh vkt. Vipn Han ISm Khoa hoc vk Cdng nghp Vipt Nam Ngay nhpn bSi: 20.9.2015 Ngky chip nhpn dSng: 5.10.2015
Abstract
The study was conducted from May 2012 to May 2013 by pitfall trapping method. Four habitat types were chosen at Me Linh Biodiversity Station: natural evergreen raining forest, bamboo forest, mixed plantation under acacia (Acacia mangrum'Wilid ) shade and acacia plantation. A total of 15 traps were placed in each habitat type, and the specimens captured in the traps were collected every 10 days (the traps were left empty for 10 days after each collecting). As a result, total of 5727 specimens which belong to 26 species, 16 genus of 2 sub^mily Formicinae and Myrmicinae were collected. Species diversity H' is highest at bamboo forest (H'=1,436), and lowest at mixed plantation under acacia shade (H'= 0,5706). The Species similarity (Sjk) among four habitats is low, about 10%.
Keywords: Formicidae, Myrmicinae, Formicane, Me Linh, species diversity, habitat types
I.DATVANDE
Kiln (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Id nhdm edn trOng xd hdi cdch mdng cd Ihl de ddng bit gdp a bit ki hg sinh thai ndo do chung ed thdnh phan lodi vd so lugng ed the Idn.Vi vgy ehung Id mpt mit xich quan trpng trong hd sinh thdi, vtra Id doi thu cgnh tranh cua nhu-ng ke sdn mli (Philpett et
aL 2006, Eubanks 2001) vtra la eon mil. phdnhiiy xenlulozo, eai tgo dit vd lam gidu cho dit Cdc nghien ciru v l kiln eho Ihly chiing eung cd Ihl dugc sO dung nhu edc lodi chl thj sinh hpc cho sy biln dli mdi trudng vd hd smh thai ndng nghidp nhu sy d nhiem, bien doi cua dat, thdi quen canh tdc hay vi$e sir dgng thuoe trir sdu (Majer et al., 2007; Ribas et ai, 2012), ehiing cung dugc coi Id diu mli quan trpng trong vigc theo ddi phyc hoi sinh hgc d nhO'ng nai da bi tdn pha Ngodi ra, kiln cdn dugc sir dyng nhu nhyng cdng cy trong cdc bign phdp diu tranh sinh hgc phdng frtr edc lodi sdu hai d l bao vg cdy trlng. Mil s l lodi kiln ed the khai thdc vd nhdn nudi dtmg Idm thye phlm vd thule chua bdnh cho con ngudi (Nguyin Thi Vdn Thdi vd
nnk, 2008) Ndm 2002, nghidn citu cua Biii TuinVi^t'tgi vudn quoc gia (VQG) Tam Dao da hgt ke
duge 63 lodi thude 4 phdn hp, trong dd phdn hp Fprmieinae cd 7 lodi thu0c 3 gilng, phdn ho Myrmicinae cd 31 lodi thuOc 15 giong (Bui Tuin Vidt, 2002). Din ndm 2005, nghidn ciru tilp theo cOng d VQG Tam Dao da thing kd dugc 151 lodi thupc 50 giong vd 11 phdn hp. trpng dd phdn hg Formicinae cd 34 loai thude 9 giong, phdn hp Myrmicinae cd 61 lodi thuOc 20 gilng (Eguchi ef
al, 2005). Tuy nhidn, chua ed nghidn euu ndo v lsy da dang ciia 2 phan hp ndy tai vting ddm eua VQG Id Trgm da dgng sinh hpe Me Linh (sau ddy vilt i l l Id Trgm da dang).
Tram da dgng Id vting dem eua VQG Tam Dao, cd didn tieh 170,3 ha trong dd ehilu ddi khoang 3.000 m, chilu rgng trung binh khoang 550 m (chd rdng nhit khoang 800 m, chd hep nhit khoang 300 m). Trgm cd dia hlnh dli vd nui thip vdi xu hudng thip din ttr Bdc xuIng Nam.
Tuy ed didn tich khdng Idn nhung Trgm cd nhilu
kilu sinh canh ddc trung nhu rtrng kin thudng
xanh mua miia nhigt ddi, ryng Ire nua, rtrng
trong hdn giao dudi tan cdy kep tai Tram vd rtrng
keo d gin khu vyc trgm... Id nai cd hg ddng thye
vdt ndi ehung vd cdc lodi kiln ndi ridng rit phong
phil va da dang. Do dd vide nghidn ciru v l thdnh
Ket qua nghien CLJ-U khoa hpc B V T V - S d 6 / 2 0 1 5
p h i n vd b i l n dpng s l lugng cdc lodi k i l n thude mdi d i l m cd 5 bdy d u g c ddt cdch d i u nhau trong phdn hp Formicinae vd phdn hg Myrmicinae cd didn tich khoang 10 m^. Sau khi ddt biy, khoang
• ' ' " .= .•- 10 ngdy thu m i u tir cac bdy h i mOt I l n , sau diS cdch 10 ngdy ddt bdy lai vd sau 10 ngdy thu miu vai trd vd ciing quan trgng n h l m dua ra dan lieu
v l mire dd da dang vd b i l n ddng s l lugng cdc lodi k i l n thude phdn hg Formicinae vd phan hp Myrmicinae tgi Tram Idm c a s d cho cdc nghidn cuu t i l p theo trong vide ddnh gid chat lugng mdi trudng vd su* dyng chiing d l t h y c hign eae bien phap d i u tranh sinh hpc bao vd cdy t r l n g .
2. PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CITU
lan t i l p thep. M l u vdt d u a c thu th^p tir th^ng 5/2012 d i n thdng 5/2013.
Vide djnh tdn cdc loai k i l n d u g c dya theo Bolton (1994), Eguchi et al (2011), Antweb. Vi§c dinh toai cdn d u g c s y giiip d d eua TS Yamane Dai hgc Kagoshima vd TS Eguchi Dgi hgc Tokyo Metropolitan.
So lidu dugc x u ly bdng p h i n m i m excel 2010, vd Cluster Analysis (CA) thee chygng frinh Primer 6
3. K^T QUA VA T H A O L U A N Ben smh canh d u g c lya chgn de nghien ciru
bao g i m ryng kin thudng xanh m u a mtia nhigt ddi (I), rtrng tre nua (II), rtrng trong hdn giao dudi tan cay keo (III) tgi Trgm da dang vd rtrng keo tai tugng (Acacia mangium Willd.) d gdn khu vyc tram da dang (IV).
Kiln dugc thu thdp b i n g phuang phap bdy h i . Bdy h i d u g c Idm ttr cdc c l e nhya cd dudng kinh 10cm, c h i l u cao 13cm, mdi c i c chira 20 ml c i n vdi 4 % formol C i c d u g c ddt thap han mgt dat khoang l e m . Tgi m i l sinh canh, 15 bdy d u g c dgt d 3 diem, mdi d i l m cdch nhau 50m, trong
Bang 1 . Thanh phan va s d l u g n g ca t h i t h u & ckc s i n h canh
3.1. Thanh p h d n loai va s d l u g n g ck t h i cua phan h g Formicinae va Myrmicinae d Ctic s i n h canh
T i n g s l 5727 ca the eua 26 lodi thu$c 16 g i l n g cua 2 phdn hg Formicinae vd Myrmicinae duge thu thpp trdn b i n sinh canh va dugc thing ke thep bang d u d i day:
STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
Ten loai Phan hQ Formicinae Gionq Anoploiepis
Anoplolepis gracillipes (Smith) Gionq Camponotus Camponotus cf.leonardi Emerv Camponotus rufoqlaucus Jerdon Camponotus s p i of LD Gionq Oecoptiyila
Oecophylla smaraqdina (Fabrieius) Gionq Paratrechina Paratrechina lonqicornis (Latreiiie) Gionq Poiyrtlaciiis
Polyrhachis laevissima Smith Polyrhachis proxima Roger
Ph3n ho IViyrmicinae Gionq Acanthomvrmex
Acanthomvrmex qiabfemoralis Zhou & Zheng Gionq Cardiocondvia
Cardiocondyla of s p i LD Gionq Carebara Carebara diversus (Jerdon) Carebara spi of LD
So Cci t h ^ thu du-iyc (1)
2
8 26
1
1 (II)
2
8 1 15
2
14 1
(III)
2602 6 1 74 2 1
3
1 (IV)
821
3 17
31 10
1 500
5
K4t qua nghiSn cCi-u l(hoa hoc B V T V - S o 6/2015
STT 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
T6n lodi Carebara vespiHo (Wheeler) Giong Cataulacus Cataulacus qranulatus (Latreiiie) Giong Crematoqaster Cramatoqaster spi of LD Gionq Monomarium Monomorium destructor (Jerdon) Gionq Piieidole
Pheidole elonqicephala EauchI Pheidole noda Smith Pheidole pieli Santschi Pheidole pianifrons Santschi Pheidole sp3 of LD Pheidole yeensis Forel Giong Pristomyrmex Pristomyrmex punctatus (Smith) Giong Strumigenys Strumigenys sp1 of LD Giong Temnothorax Temnottiorax s p i of LD Gionq Tetramorium Tetramorium sp2 of LD
T6nfl
Rfl cS the thu du'ac (1)
20
1 32
398 57
S7 2
1 606
(11) 48 1 2
2 1 225
12 2 23
1 1 361
(III) 305
5 44
4 1
3049 (IV)
4
3 10 190
45 71
1711 Ghi chO: RCmg kin thuong xanh mua mOa nhidt dd'i. (ORCrng tre ni/a: (11}
RCmg trdng h5n giao dird/i tSn cky keo- (III); RO'ng keo: (IV) LD: bd suu tkp miu cua Nguyin Thi Phuang Lidn vk Nguyin Die Dai.
O bang 1, ed 13 lodi vdi 606 cd the kien thu dugc d sinh canh 1 ( c h i l m 10,58% l i n g so cd t h i thu d u g c d cdc sinh canh), 18 lodi v d i 361 ca I h l thu d u a c d sinh canh II (ehilm 6,30%), 13 lodi vdi 3049 cd the thu d u g c d sinh canh III (chilm 53,24%) vd 14 lodi vdi 1711 cd the thu d u a c d sinh canh IV ( c h i l m 29,88%). Nhu vdy, sinh eanh III cd s l lugng cd I h l eao nhat nhung sd lugng lodi t h i p han sinh eanh II vd IV vd b i n g vdi s l lodi d sinh eanh 1, sinh eanh II cd s l lugng cd t h i t h i p n h i t nhung ed s l lugng lodi cao nhit. Lodi Pheidole elonqicephala Eguchi ehl thu d u g c d sinh canh I. b i n lodi Acanthomyrmex glabfemoralis Zhou & Zheng, Cataulacus granulatus (Latreiiie), Crematoqaster s p i of LD, Temnothorax s p i of LD ehi thu d u g c d sinh canh II lodi Camponotus cf.leonardi Emery ehi thu d u g c d sinh cdnh III, va hai lodi Polyrhachis laevissima Smith, Cardiocondyla of spi LD ehi thu d u g c d sinh IV.
3.2. Chi s l da d a n g loai d* cac sinh canh ChT so da dgng phan anh s y khac bidt v l thdnh p h i n lodi giCra cac sinh eanh. Sy khae bidt nay cung lien quan den s l lugng edc cd t h i trong lirng lodi vd s y phdn phoi so luang ed t h i trong mdi loai cua ea q u i n xd. Chl s l da dgng Shannon - Weiner (H') eua ttrng sinh canh duge ghi nhdn trong bang 2.
Qua bang 2 la t h i y smh canh 11 cd chi s l da dang cao n h i t (H'=1,436), smh eanh 111 cd chi so da dang t h i p nhat {H'=0,5706), d i l u nay cho t h i y eau true q u i n xa cd s y sai khdc giua cdc sinh eanh tgi Trgm da dgng.
Chi s l l u g n g dong thdnh p h i n loai giua cdc sinh eanh khdc nhau la khac nhau (hinh 1). Sinh canh I va il cd dp t u a n g dong dat khoang 6 1 % , sinh canh 111 vd IV ed dp tuang d i n g dat g i n 40%, mirc dp tuang dong cua hai nhdm sinh canh ndy ehi dat g i n 10%. Vdy, d sinh canh I vd
K i t qua nghien cu'u khoa hgc B V T V - S 6 6/2015
II ed dd tuang d i n g lodi cao, d smh eanh III vd canh cQng cd tdc dpng n h i t djnh Idn s u tuang IV cd dd tuang d i n g v l lodi t h i p . Do dd sinh d i n g lodi,
Bdng 2. Chi sd da dang Shannon - Weiner (H') d* cdc sinh canh khac nhau Sinh Canh
ROng kin thu'&ng xanh mua mCia nhi#t ddi (1) Ri>natre nira (II)
Rung tr6ng h6n giao du-d-l tSn cay keo (III) Rung keo (IV)
S6 loai
13 18 13 14
So ca thS 606 361 3049 1711
Chi so Shannon - W e i n e r (H') 1,261 1,436 0,5706
1,42
Hinh 1. D $ tu'ang ddng v l thanh phdn loai d cac sinh canh
3.3 Biln dgng s l lugng ca t h i tren bdy trong nam cua cdc lodi k i l n o" cdc sinh canh khac nhau
Biln dOng so lugng cd I h l k i l n thu ditqtc trdn 1 b i y tgi cdc sinh canh khdc nhau d u g c the hidn d hinh 2.
ii<iro^cil^/bJv •RCmghnttiinnig
ijJUji ill
/ /
'?'" 'p^ •'?'"Hinh 2. Biln dgng so lu^ng ca the tren bdy trong nam cua cac loai k i l n d* cac sinh canh Sinh canh I vd III cd s l lugng cd the cao n h i t vdo thdng 6 vd thdng 10. Sinh canh II vd IV ed s l lugng cd the cae nhat vdo thang 11. Ca b i n sinh cdnh deu khflng thu d u g c mdu vdo thdng 2, ridng sinh canh IV khdng thu duge mdu vdo ea thdng 7. Trong thdi gian nghien euu, sinh eanh III thu
d u g e s l lugng cd t h i Idn n h i t , sinh canh II thu d u g c s l lugng ca the t h i p nhit.
4. K^T LUAN VA K l t N NGH!
Dd ghi nhdn 26 lodi thupe 16 gilng ciia 2 phdn hp Formicinae vd Myrmicinae tai b i n sinh eanh cua Trgm da dgng sinh hgc Md Linh. Da dgng thdnh p h i n lodi cao n h i t d sinh eanh rtrng Ire nda_(H'=1,436) t h i p nhat Id a sinh canh rirng trdng hdn giao d u d i tdn cay keo (H'=0,5706).
Mire dd l u a n g d i n g git^a ede smh canh thip (chl dgt g i n 10%) S l lugng cd t h i trdn bay cao nhit vdo thdng 6 d sinh canh rtrng kfn thudng xanti mua mtia nhidt ddi, thdng 11 sinh eanh rtrng tre nCra vd sinh canh rtrng keo tai tugng, thdng 10 smh canh rirng trdng hdn giao d u d i tdn cdy keo, khdng thu d u g c mau vdo thang 2 d cdc sinti eanh rirng kin thudng xanh mua miia nhidt ddi, rirng tre nua, rtrng t r l n g hon giao dudi ldn cSy keo, cdnsinh canh rung keo tai tugng khdng thu flugc mdu vdo thang 2 vd thang 7.
Lai cam o>n
Kit quk nghidn cO'u dugc su tki tny cua di tii Ckp Co s d Vipn Sinh thSI vk Tki nguydn Sinh v$t (IEBR.DT.02/14-15). Ckc tSc gik xin chkn thanh ckm on TS. Yamane vk TS. Eguchi dS giOp da vipc dinh lo^i cSc loki kiin Ckm on qup IDEA WILD da tki tr(? ckc dijng cij nghidn cCru ngoki thuc dia.
TAI L i e u THAM KHAO 1. Bolton B., 1994. Identification guide to the anl genera of the world. Cambridge, Mass. Han/ard University Press, 222 pp.
2. BUI Tuin Viet, 2002. Ket qua dieu tra c^c \oi\
kiln (Hymentoptera, Formicidae) tgi vudn quic gia Tam Dao, Bdo cao HQI nghj con trting hpc todn qu6c lan thu 4, Ha Npi, 11-12/4/2002:495-498.
Ket qua nghien ci>u khoa hgc BVTV-So 6/2015
3- Eguchi K.. BUI T . V.. Yamane S , Okido H. and Ogata K., 2005. Ant fauna of Ba Vi and Tam Dao.
north Vietnam (Insecta Hymenoptera. Fonnlcidae).
Bulletin of the Institute of Tropical Agriculture Kyushu University.Vol. 27: 77-98.
4. Eguchi K., Bui T.V. and Yamane S., 2011.
Generic Synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part 1 Myrmicinae and Pseudomymiecinae. Zootaxa 2878:1-61.
5 Eubanks M.D., 2001 Estimates of the direct and indirect effects of red imported fire ants on biological control in the fieW crops. Biological Confrol, 21:3543.
6. Majer J. D., Rabi G. O., and Bisevac L B., 2007.
Ants (Hymenoptera: Formiadae) pass the bioindicator scorecard. fiifynvecological News 10:69-76.
7. Nguyen Thj Van Thai, Duang Anh Tuin, Bui
Tuin Viet. 2008. Kiln gai den Viet Nam (Polyrhachis dives Smith) cham soc sue khoe ngudi vigt H^i nghj con tnJng toan quic i l n thu 6:1039-1049.
8. Philpott S.M.. Perfecto !. and Van der Meer J..
2006. Effects of management intensity and season on arboreal ant diversity and abundance in coffee agroecosystems. Biodiversity and conservation, 15:
139-155.
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lO.AntWeb. Available from http://vww.antweb.org.
Accessed 12 September 2015
Phan bipn: PGS. TS. Tru-ang Xudn Lam
KHAO SAT K H A NANG P H 6 N G T R C T C O A XA K H U A N D 6 f V d l BENH B>\C UA HAI LUA
D e t e r m i n a t i o n of A n t i b a c t e r i a l A c t i v i t y o f A c t l n o m y c e t e s Isolates o n Rice B a c t e r i a l B l i g h t Disease
Le Minh Tu'6'ng' vd N g u y i n Thj MJ Ngan^
Ngay nhkn bai: 24.7.2015 Ngky chip nhan dSng: 08.10.2015 Abstract
The objectives of the research were to (i) evaluate the antagonistic ability of actinomyceles to bacteria leaf blight disease; (ii) examine their antagonistic mechanisms such as proteinase activity. In net-house condition, all actinomyceles isolates testing were able to control bacteria! blight disease. The treatments Streptomyces sp.
HG37 applied before and also after 2 days inoculaton showed high ability to control the disease such as: ratio of leaf disease area 8.76%, efficiency disease reduction 64 44% and was not different significantly compared with Stamer 20WP treatment (7.92; 65.18%) at 14 days after inoculation. On the other hand, proteinase activity assay was tested on Skim milk agar medium. The results found that all testing isolates could produce proteinase and the Streptomyces sp. HG37 isolate has expressed the highest proteinolytic activity.
Keywords: AcSnomycetes, bacteria blight disease, protein, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae I.DATVANOe
Qud trinh thdm canh tdng vu, sir dung giong
1. Khoa Nong nghidp va Sinh hpc Ung dung. Dgi hpc Cin Thff
2. Hpc vidn cao hpc nganh Bao vp Thyc ylL Dgi hpc Cin Tha
Iua cao san nhilm benh, bdn nhilu dgm, sg ddy, Igm^ dung thule bao vd thyc vdt . dd din dlri nhilu djch bdnh phat triin vd gdy hgi, trong dd bdnh bgc Id Itia ngay cang trd nen quan trgng vd Idm giam ndng suit liia V\pc sit dyng gilng khdng bdnh hidn nay khd khdn han do vi khuin biln dli ndi sinh ly gdy b$nh rit nhanh vd phO-c tgp. Thule hda hpc Id bidn phdp chO ylu trong
