XUAT KHAU HANG HOA CUAVIET NAM 6 THANG
DAU NAM 2015
TRAN QUYET CHI£N *
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heo t i n g cyc thong ke, luong x u i t khau dau thd vdn tdng r i t eao trong quy I- 2015 dii gid dau t h i gidi vdn chua cd su phuc hoi rd ret. Tong lugng d i u thd x u i t idiau quy I tang tdri 34,8%, va do gid d i u gidm ndn kim ngach x u i t khau mat hang nay cung gidm tdi 31,2%. X u i t khau cua khu vuc doanh nghidp ndi dia cung dupe nhin t h i y rd rang ban trong can can thuong mai quy I. Khu vuc ed von dau t u nude ngodi (kl d i u thd) xuat sidu g i n 2 t y U S D .Ndm thdng d i u nam, x u i t k h i u gao cua Viet Nam gpp n h i l u khd khan vdi gia tri dat 1,1 ty USD, giam 10,7% so vdi cung ky do mdt so nguyen n h a n n h u mdt so thi trudng ban che nhdp gao Viet Nam, eanh tranh khoe lidt vdi gpo cdc nudc khdc. Nguyen nhan x u i t khau gao gidm Id do sdn lupng xuat khiu den h i u h i t ede thi trudng ehinh nhu Philippines, Trung QuIc, Indonesia... deu gidm.
Yeu cau dat ra hidn nay la pbdi theo ddi sat tinh hinh de thuc day, nhdm ddm bao toe do tdng trudng xuat khau 10%, trong dd can day manh boat dpng xuc t i l n thuang mai, cung cd va khai thdc toi da thi trudng hien cd, dong thdi, md rpng thi trudng mdi eho cdc nganh hang cd tiem nang, cd gid tri gia tang va gid tri kim ngach eao. Bdn canh dd can ban che x u i t khau thd, gidm dan ty trpng nhdm hang nhien lipu khodng sdn trong co cau x u i t khau;
gia tdng cbe biln d l i vdri nhdm ndng sdn.
* Sd Ngo^i vp tinh PhO Tho
Giii phap tiep tue thuc day xuat khau hang hoa thdi gian tdi
Thd nhat, hoan thipn he thong to ehde x u i t khau. De nang cao khd nang canh tranh cda ede sdn pham Viet Nam trdn thi trudng t h e gidi thi van de dat ra dau tien hien nay etiinh la hoan thipn he thong to chufc xuat khau:
- Duy tri so Iupng doanh nghidp cd du khd ndng vd sdn xudt cdc mat hang cd c h i t lupng cao t h a m gia x u i t Idiau, ban ehe su 6 at qua m d e cua eac doanh nghidp cdn non k e m ve kinh nghidm, ydu vd tdi chinh, trdnh hien tupng x u i t khau thieu kiem soat, ban pha gia, tinh trang buy hpp d i n g ky k i t vdi khdeh hdng Idii gia ea b i l n ddng dan tdi tao I n tupng x i u den cdc doanh nghiep, nha x u i t khau Viet Nam.
- Cae hidp bdi n g a n h n g h e Viet Nam can qudn ly tich cue ban trong dang ky hop dong xuat Idiau cae mat hdng md hidp hdi qudn ly;
cdc hiep hpi phai la noi cung e l p thdng tin ve gia xuat khau, vd chi phi che bien - xuat khau;
phoi hpp eae ngdnh cd lien quan n h u Hdi quan, t h u e . . . ngdn ehan gian lan gid bdn trong dang ky hgp dong xuat khau.
Thd hai, dau t u dong bp khoa hpc - cdng nghd de tiidn dai sdn xuat. Cung n h u tat ca cdc nganh nghe khae trong nen kinh t l , ngdnh sdn xuat va xuat khau Viet Nam. muon phdt trien can cd ctiinh saeh dau t u thod dang cho khoa hpe - cdng nghe.
- Ddu t u cho he thong co sd vdt c h i t phue vu cho san xuat. Day Id dieu kien tidn quyet de san x u i t cd hidu qua. He thong ndy can
SO 15(7-2015) I TAPCHlKINHT^VAQUANLy I 81
THONG TIN KINH TE VA QUAN LY
phai dupc trang bi tiien dai, dong bd, dam bdo cho sdc canh tranh eua sdn pham. Co sd ha tang can dupe chu trpng nhat d cdc khau sdn xuat, che biln, ddng gdi bdng vide ldp dat, sd dung cdc may mdc mdi, cdng suat cao, che tao, ldp rap vd mua sam ttiiet bi...
- Phdt trien he thong co sd ha tang sdn bay, b i n cdng eho x u i t khau. Co sd ha tang phye vu cho xuat khau cua cd nude ndi ehung ed rat ntulu ban chl. Ctu plii van chuyen sdn pham, hang bda cua nudc ta bi day len cao. Van de ddt ra can tao su thdng s u i t ve van tdi, khau cuoi cung eda xuat khau hdng hda.
Thd ba. phdt trien va xay dung thi trudng mye tieu. Vide da dang hda va rad rdng thi trudng bao gid eung Id rauc tidu quan trgng nhit, v l n de da dang hda vd md rdng thi trudng, n h i t Id doi vdi thi trudng xuat khau ludn Id moi quan tdm hang dau.
- Nghidn edu vd xdy dung thi trudng: Xay dung thi trudng x u i t khau Id mdt ddi hdi mang ti'nh cap thilt va chien lupc. Nha nude can tao lap va dat mil quan he thuang mai vdi cdc nude ed nhu cau Idn ve x u i t khau, tranb thd khai thdc cdc moi quan he de ky ede tiidp dinh x u i t khau hang hda hoac eae ban thda thudn phoi hop, hop tdc vdri eac nudc di tao dieu kidn thuan lpi cho eac doanh ngtiiep boat ddng dong thdi cd the hd trg ebo cae doanh nghiep tim kiem thi trudng ben ngodi. Cde doanh nghidp cua ta can ndm bdt xu the ndy de d i u t u trang ttiiet bi ndng cao c h i t lupng sdn pham mdi cd the ed eho dung tren thi trudng.
Thd tu. ehuan bi dieu kien can ttiiet ktii Viet Nam tham gia vdo TPP. Hien nay, Viet Nam dang dam phdn de gia nhap Hidp dinh doi tdc xuyen Thdi Binh Duong (TPP), gia nhap vdo Hidp dinh TPP rapt trong nhung ca hdi gia tang xuat khau cua Viet Nam vdo ttii trudng cua ede quoe gia trong Hiep dinh. Hidn nay, Viet Nam dd ky Hipp dinh thuang mai t u do (FTA) song phucmg vdi 7/12 nudc trong TPP, nghia Id nhieu sdn pham, dac biet san pham ndng nghiep dd dupe cam kit cdt gidm t h u l
cdn 0% theo Id trinh, do do TPP ctii mang lpi Icri ich ve thue quan cho Viet Nam doi vdi nhung nude chua cd FTA vdi Viet Nam Id My, Canada, Nhat, Peru. Ddn bdt thdi eo nay, ntiieu doanh ngtiidp xuat khau can phdi xdy dung viing nguyen lieu, m d thdm nhd mdy, lien ket vdi ndng dan de n a n g cao c h i t lupng sdn pham.
Thd nam, day manh cdng tdc marketing. D I ndng eao vi the hang hda cua nude ta, ddp dng n h d n g ddi hdi ngdy cang khdt khe cda thi trudng quoc te, Viet Nam can ed n h d n g gidi phdp cu the cho eac chinh sach sdn pham, chinh sdeh gid, ehinh sdch phan phoi va chinh sdch xue tien va hd trg kinh doanh:
- Nang eao chat Iupng sdn pham x u i t khiu:
xay dung vung san xuat hang hda vdi quy md ldn, de phdt t r i l n nguon nguyen lieu mdt cdch ben viing.
-I- Nhd nudc: quy hoach dau t u phdt trien sdn xuat hang hda cho tdng tieu vung vd todn vung; phdt trien co sd hp tang, n h i t la he thong giao thdng; Thdng tin, du bao thi trudng; Dau tu ngdn sdch cho cdng tde nghidn edu, ho trp ve von eho cde doanh nghidp trong sdn xuat, che bien vd tieu thu hang hda
-I- Nha doanh nghiep: dat hdng vdi dia phucmg, cdc nha khoa hpe, t l chdc ngdnh nghe tai dia phucmg de sdn x u i t theo nhu cau.
Td dd cdc doanh nghidp se chu dpng dupc nguon nguyen lieu, dam bao chat luong sdn pham.
- Thong nhdt vide xdc dinh gia x u i t khau.
Dinh gid eho hdng ban ndi dia da khd, dinh gia cho hang x u i t khau dae biet cho nhung hang ndng san ludn bien ddng nhu cdng khd hem.
- Xdy dung vd quang bd thucmg hidu: trong thdi gian qua hang bda Viet Nam khi xuat khau clii mang nhdn tUdu chung chung, khdng ed thucmg hidu, cho ndn gia bdn t h i p ban so vdi nhiing Ioai hang hda cd thuong hidu that s u cua cdc nude khdc. Do dd, viec xay d u n g thuang hidu cho hang hda Viet Nam la r i t d p
82 |TAPCHlKINHT£vAQUANLy|S(5l5(7-2015)
