PHAT TRIJH NONG N G H I £ P THEO HUdNG BEN VUXG.. HNBHlgMTHUCTiiM f l ^ f i f j l
PHAT TRIEN NONG NGHIEP THEO HLTCING BEN V O N G 8 VUNG D 6 N G BANG S 6 N G HONG: THI/C TRANG VA M O T Stf KIEN NGH|
Phi van Hanh*
Tdm tdt
Phdt triin ndng nghiep theo hudng bin vieng Id xu hudng chung todn nhdn logi hudng t&i, la myc tiiu md tdt cd cdc ngdnh, cae linh vuc cdn quan tdm. Trong nhOng ndm qua, vimg ddng bdng sdng Hdng da co nhiiu chii truong, bien phdp de phdt triin ngdnh ndng nghi$p theo hu&ng bin vimg. Tdc do tdng tru&ng cUa ndng nghiep tdng cao lien tuc trong nhiiu ndm, phdi triin ndng nghiip dd di liin vdi viic khai thdc ed M$u qud tdi nguyen thien nhien, gdn vdi gidi quyet cae vdn di xd hdi nhu viec ldm, ndng cao d&i sdng nhdn ddn. Tuy nhien, ding v&i qua trinh tdng truong ndng nghiep, viing ddng bdng sdng Hdng dang phdi ddi mat v&i vdn di d nhiim mdi tru&ng, vd suy gidm khd ndng da dgng sinh hgc... De ndng nghiip vung ddng bang sdng Hdng tiep tuc phdt trien theo hudng bin vieng cdn phdi cd nhihig gidi phdp ddng bg, su quyit tdm cua cdc ngdnh cdc cdp.
Tfr khoa: Ddng bdng sdng Hdng, Phdt trien, Phat triln bin viing, Ndng nghi$p.
1. Dat vin dl
Phdt triln ndng nghiep theo hudng bin viing Id xu hudng chung toan nhan loai hudng tdi. Id miic tieu md tdt cd cac ngdnh, cdc Imh vuc cdn quan tam. Hien nay, phdt trign ndng nghiep theo hudng ben viing cd vai trd tdc ddng to Idn dg hodn thdnh cac muc tieu phat trien bin viing d nudc ta. Cd nhilu quan niem khde nhau ve phdt triln ndng nghiep tiieo hudng ben vung, nhung nhm chung diu di din thdng nhat: Phat trien ndng nghiep theo hudng bdn viing la phat trien ndng nghidp todn dien ve mgi mat, trong do tdc dd, chit luong tang trudng kinh tl cua ndng nghiep lien tgc cao, dn dinh ludn di cung vdi phat triln vl xa hgi, ndng cao miic sdng cho ddn cu, gdn chat vdi bdo ve tdi nguygn, mdi trudng, khdng Idm dnh hudng tdi the hd tuong Iai.
Trong nhung nam qua, ddc biet tii sau khi cd Nghi quylt Dai hgi Ddng lin thii XI, cdc dia
*Phi van Hanh, Th^c si ldnh \k, HQC vifn Chinh tri.
Stf 66 (3+4/2015)
phuong tron^ cd nudc cimg nhu vCing dong bang sdng Hdng (BBSH) da cd nhieu chu truong, bien phdp dl phdt triln ngdnh ndng nghi$p theo hudng ben viing. Tdc dg tang trudng ciia ndng nghiep dang din tang cao lidn tyc trong nhidu ndm, phat tridn ndng nghiep da di lidn vdi vide khai thdc co hieu qud tdi nguydn thien nhidn, giam thidu d nhidm mdi trudng, gdn vdi gidi quylt cac vdn dl xa hgi nhu vide ldm, chuyen dich co can kinh td, nang cao ddi sdn^
nhan ddn, song vdn cdn tdn tai khdng it h^n chd.
Vi vdy, nghidn ciiu ndy ddnh gid tdng qudt thuc trang phdt trien ndng nghiep theo hudng bdn viing d vimg DBSH cita Viet Nam tap tnmg vdo cac van dg sau: i) Thanh tuu phat trien ndng nghidp theo hudng bin viiug d viing DBSH nhiing nam vua qua; ii) Mdt sd hgn chg trong qua trinh phdt tridn ndng nghi$p theo hudng ben viing d vimg DBSH thdi qian qua; iii) Mdt sd kiln nghi phdt triln ndng nghidp theo hudng bin vfing d vung DBSH trong nhun^ nam tdi.
Ddng gop cua nghidn cdu qua cac ket qud bao gdm: i) co cau ndi bd nganh ndng nghiep cd chuydn bidn tich cue; ii) San xuat ndng nghiep cdn manh miin, nhd le, tang trudng ndng nghiep chua tuong xiing vdi tiem ndng; iii) Viec sii d\mg cac san phdm phan bdn thudc bdo v^ thuc vdt chua hgp ly gdy d nhidm mdi Irudng. Tu dd nghien ciiu dua ra cac kidn nghi gdp phan phdt triln ndng nghigp vung DBSH theo hudng bin virng.
2. Thanh tuu phdt triln ndng nghiep theo hudng ben vung d vung DBSH nhung nam viia qua
2.1. Cff cau ngi b^ ngdnh ndng ngkiep vung BBSH dang cd chuyin biin tich cifc
Nhiing nam trudc day, viing DBSH trdng cay luong thuc la chu ygu, nhung hidn nay co cdu ndng nghiep cung kha da dang bao gdm ca trdng trgt, chdn nudi va khai thac thdy sdn. Hi?n nay, CO can ndng nghiep trong vimg dang cd su
QU&NLfKINHTE ^
i ' n Z I l HINH MGHItlll THUE TIJM PHAT TRIJN MflNG NGHIEP THEO Mm BEN VgNG..
chuyen bien tich cue, giam ti trpng trdng trot, trot thi giam ti trong luong thvrc, tang ti trpng tang ti trpng chan nudi v4 thuy san, rieng trdng cay c8ng nghiSp va cay thuc phim.
Hinh 1: So sinh co ciu nong nghi|p nam 2006 vi 2014 Ctf cau ndng nghidp 2006
HTrangtrgt MChannuoi BThuysl
# #
Co- c3u ndng ngbiSp 2014
• Trongtrgt achanniioi HThiJysan
Ngu6n; T5ng cue fliong kg (2006 v^ 2014).
Trong CO cau nganh trdng trpt viing DBSH, nganh trdng cay luong thirc ludn gitt dia vi hang dSu. Dien tich cSy luong thuc la khoang 1,2 trieu ha, chi^mlthoang 14% di$n tich cay luong thuc c4a c4 nudc. Dien tich ngd nam 2013 la 88,3 nghin ha tuong duong dien tich ngd vimg Ddng Nam Bp la idn gSp 2 lan dipn tich ngd dong bing sdng Cuu Long40,3 nghm ha.
Di6n tich viing DBSH chi bing mOt nua tdng didn tich ciia dong bang sdng Clhi Long nhung DBSH la vimg cd trinh dp tham canh tdt hon nen
nang xuit lua tang len khdng ngiicng. Tdng san lupng luong thuc vimg DBSH li 6,1 tri$u tin, chiSm 18% san lupng luong thvc toan qu6c (1999). T6C dp tang gia tri san xuit trong trpt dat 2,5% gi Jm 0,3 % so_ vdri nam 2012. Tuy nhien, ty trpng gia tri san xuit trong hrpt trong t6ng gia fij sin xuit ndng nghiep dat 75% tuong duong so vcri nam 2012; gia tri san phim thu hoach tren mpt ha dit trdng trpt: uoc djlt 80 trieu ddng, tang 7,2tri§uddngsovdinam2012. *
Hinh 2: So sAnh tSng, gi^m di^n tich v^ sdn luyng qua cac ndm
7.1 7 6.9 6.8 6.7 6 6 6.5 6.4 6.3 6 2
Nghin tan
\ \
/ /
^
2005
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r ^
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N __^
^ --.._
2010 2011 2012 - ^ s a n lif^ng - • — D i § n tfch
h a
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• — - •
2013 r 1.2
1.19
• 1.18
• 1.17
• 1.16
• 1.15 1.14 1.13 1.12 1.11
Nguon: Nign giam Th6ng kg (2014)
Dien tich dit trdng lua trong vimg cd giam di len 55,3 ta/ha (2011). Dat dupc nhiing tign bO nhung dien tich gieo trdng Iai tang Idn do hd sd trdn la do cdc tuih trong_ vimg da 4p dung nhidu sit dung dit tang, tit 1,49 (nam 1990) Idn 1,92 bidnphdpkythu$t,cociugidng, cai tidn voi cac (2007), Nang suit lua tang tir 35,7 ta/ha (1990) gidng liia cao san, liia lai dupc gieo trdng ph6
' Tac gia tinli todn tir nien giam tliSng ke cdc nam 2006-2013
E ] QOiNLfKINHTE Stf 6G (3+4/2019)
PHAT TRIJN HONG NGHlgP THEO HlfflNG BEN V g N G - KINHHeHlglHTHlftTrfM ^ ^ J
bien thay thd cac gidng dia phuong nang suit vimg co chieu huong gia tang. Cdc trang trai
*^^P- chdn nudi ngdy cdng duoc md rdng vh cd quy HoEit dong chan nudi gia siic, gia cdm trong md vd sd lugng
Hinh 3: Ty le d^u Ion vAng DBSH so v6i cdc viing trong cd nir6'c
N a m 2014
Ngu^n: Bg Nong nghi?p v^ pMt t r i ^ nong thon (2014, tr.83)
Di$n tich mdt nuoc nudi trong Ihuy sdn tang nhanh qua cac nam 2005 la 107.8 ngWn ha, din nam 2011 la 124.8 nghm ha vd nam 2013 Id 125.9 nghm ha. Ndu nam 2005 chi cd 936 tdu danh bdt xabd thi ddnndm2013 col 240 chide.
2.2. Phdt triin non^nghi^ viing BBSH gdp phdn nang cao ddi song nhdn ddn.
Chi tidu theo gid hidn hdnh nam 2010 tinh chung trong vimg, binh qudn 1 ngudd 1 thang dat 1.211 nghm ddng, tang 52,8% so vdi nam 2008, mdi nam tang khodng 23,6%. Chi tidu thuc tB (chi tieu sau khi loai trijr ydu td tang gid) thdi ky 2008-2010 tang 14,1% mdi nam, cao hon mure tang 7,9% m§i nam ciia thcfi ky.
Hinh 4: Chi tidn cho sinh hoat hdng ngdy cdc viing kinh ti
DBSH MiennOi Bac trung Tay Dong Nam DBSCL va trung bo DHMT Nguyen bo
Ngu6n: T6ng cue thdng ke (2014, tr.650-731)
Thuc hien cdc chmh sdch phdt tridn vd chuong trinh xod ddi giam ngheo trong vimg. Trong vong 5 nam ti le ho nghdo trong viing da gidm tir 17,5% (2009 ) xudng 14,7% vdo nam 2013.
Miic chi cho giao due trdn ddu ngudi Udn tvic tang len. Nam 2002 mdi chi d miic 711 nghin d^ng trdn 1 ngudi di hpc, ddn nam 2004 Id 898 thi den 2006 la 1.369 vd 2010 len
miic 3,543 nghm/ ngudi cao hon gap 3 Idn so vdi vung Tay bdc vd gap 1,4 l^n so vdi khu vuc ddng bang sdng Cim Long (2006). Chi tieu y td binh qudn d^u ngudi ty Id ngudi kham chiia benh tdng nhanh. Ndm 2006 chi tieu ciia ho gia dmh cho mOt ngudi khdm chu-a b?nh Id 664 ngan d^ng thi din nam 2010 da la 1 trieu 692 ngdn ddng.
So 66(3+4/2015) qUANLtKINHTE 0 1
I W M KiMHHBHllHTHiniTliH PHAT TRIJN N6NG NGHlgP THEO HtffiNG BEN VgNG- Hinh 4: Chi tidu cho sinh hoat hang ngay cdc viing ldnh te
2002 2004 2006 2009 2010 Ngu6n: TQng eye th6ng ke (2014, tr.650-731)
Nhdf ndng nghidp phat tridn theo hudng ben vung ma he thdng kdt cdu co sd ha tdng ngdy cdng ddng bp hon. Truoc hdt, hd thdng thiiy loi duoc uu tidn ddu tu nhidu hon, ddn nam 2014, DBSH CO 1978 trgmbomnudcphyc vusdnxuat ndng, I&n nghidp vd thu^ san trdn dia bdn xd;
kenh muong do xa/hgp tdc xa quan ly da duoc kien cd hda 1,6 nghin km, chidm 3,6% tdng chidu ddi kenh muong. Vide xdy dyng hd tiidng diuy loi trdn cdc viing chua phen nhiem man da gdp phan quan trong tang dien tich gieo trdng vd tang vii d DBSH. Ddi chidu vdi cac myc tieu vd thu;;^ loi trong Chuong tdnh muc tidu qu6c gia vd xdy dung ndng thdn mdi. Ddn 01/7/2011 DBSH CO 86,8% tdng sd xS canudc cd he thdng thu^ loi CO bdn ddp iing yen cdu sdn xuat va dan sinh, trong do ^ le ndy ciia canudc la 73,6%.^
2.3. Moi trudng nong thdn ngdy cdng dugc quan tdm.
Chat luong nudc ciia cdc sdng Idn trong viing nhu sdng Hdng, sdng Dudng, sdng Thai Binh, nhin chung cdn tdt; cdc chi tieu BOD, COD vd mdt sd chi tidu khac deu dait ydu clu loai A. Den nam 2011, vung DBSH da cd 37,6% sd xa vd 26,6% sd thdn da xdy he thdng thodt nudc thai chung day Id ty Id cao nhdt cd nudc. Ddy la kdt qua budc ddu trong chuyen bidn nh§n thiic vd hanh ddng ciia cac cap, cdc ngdnh ciing nhu cac hd gia dinh trong viing vd bdo ve mdi trudng qua xit ly nudc thdi, nhdt la cac vung co che bien ndng san vd cdc trang trai chan nudi.
Cdc hoat ddng thu gom rdc thai sinh hoat tren trong vung nhiing nam gan ddy ciing dugc nhidu dia phuong quan tdm. Ddn nam 2011, viing DBSH dat ty le cao nhdt cd nudc Id 81,6% sd xa
vd 66,2% sd thdn c6 td chiic (hodc thud) thu gom rdc thdi. Ty Id hp ndng thdn cd hd xi tang tii 88,8% nam 2006 Idn 91,4% ndm 2011, trong dd hd xi tu hoai/bdn ttr hoai tang nhanh tu 16,9%
len 44,1 %, ty le hg cd ngudi ddn tiiu gom rdc dat gdn 25%.
Didn tich rumg trdng trong viing tang nhanh da cd tac dOng tich eye ddn mdi truong khdng khi. Chdt lugng mdi trudfng cr cdc khu vyc sdn xudt ndng nghiep mdi trudng khdng khi dugc cdi thien dang ke, ndng dd cac chdt khi ddc hai nhu NOx, S02, CO... vdn ndm trong nguSng gidi han cho phdp.
3. Mot so ban che trong qua trinh phat triln ndng nghidp theo hirdng bin vihig d"
vung DBSH th&i qian qua
Tuy nhien, ben canh nhiing thanh tyu dat dugc, ndng nghiep viing DBSH cung dang bdc Id hgn che. Cac dia phuong trong viing, cdn phdi chi ra h ^ ch4 tir dd phdn tich dd tim cho ra nhiing lyc ddy dd phdt tridn ngdnh ndng nghidp trong viing theo hudng ben viing.
Mdt Id, tang truong ndng nghidp chua tuong xiing vdi tidm nang piidt trien ndng nghiep cua vung, dien tich ddt ndng nghiep ndy cang bi thu hep, sdn lugng ndng sdn coxu hudng giam din.
Chdt lugng tdng trudng tiidp, Cy thd, giai doan 1996- 2000 tang trudng ngdnh ndng nghiep trong vung Id: 4,01%, ddn nam 2001- 2005:
3,83%, vanam 2006-2010:3,03%, 2011-2013 chi cdn 2,9%. Nhu vdy, co tiid thay tdc do tang trudng cua ngdnh ndng nghi$p trong viing giam ddn ndm sau tiiap hon nam truoc. Trong khi dit dai sii dyng cho ndng nghiep Id 70
= KhSo sat miic song dan cir 2012, T6ng cifc Th6ng ke (2013), tr 198-217
M QUAN Lt KINH Tf Sif 66 (3+4/2015)
PHAT TRlJN N6NG NGHlgP THEO HlfflNG BEN VffNG... KINHNBHIEHTHllftTlgH [ j ^ J van ha ha dit, chidm 56 % tdng dien tich ciia 69,9% laodgngnhungchi chidm 17% GDP cua viing, 48% hgp tdc xa ciia cd nu6c, huy ddng vimg.
Hinh 6: San lin^g linmg thuc binh quan dau ngirM vung DBSH 1*^.61
2 0 H 2012
Nguon: Tong cyo Nhu vdy, sdn luong luong thyc c6 hat binh quan ddu ngudi viing DBSH lidn tyc giam qua cac nam. Ndu nam 2005 sdn lugng tang 5.61 lan, din 2012 la 3,49 Idn vd nam 2013 la 5,13 Idn. Sdn lugng luong thyc binh qudn ddu nguoi thap d^t
Hai Id, sdn xuat ndng nghidp con manh mdn, nhd Id, vdn ddu tu vdo ndng nghidp nhd be, cham ddi mdi, ting dyng thdnh tyu khoa hoc, cdng nghd vdo sdn xudt ndng nghi$p. Viing DBSH Id vya liia idn thii 2 cd nudc, nhung lai Id vung cd ty 1$ didn tich ddt canh tac trdn ddu ngudi thdp, chi cd 2,1 nghin m2 / hd vdo nam 2011. Quy md sur dyng ddt trdng liia cua dai da sdcdchOcdnnhd.
Trong do, ty 1? co didn tich ddt trdng liia 0,5 ha chidm ddn 83%, sd hg cd dien tich dudi 0,2 ha la 50%. Ben canh do, co mdt nghich ly Id, khi ty trgng ddng gop vdo GDP ciia nganh ndng nghidp trong vung binh qudn trdn 17% nhung tdng vdn ddu tu cho ngdnh chi chidm khoang 13,8% trong tong vdn ddu tu todn xd hdi nam 2000, gidm cdn 7,5% vao nam 2005 va con 6,45%o vdo nam 2008; 6,15% vao nam 2010, nam 2011 chi d miie 5,98%vd ciing chi dap ung dugc 40% nhu cdu phdt tridn ndng nghiep cua vung.
Mac du trong tong tilid chinh sdch thu hiit ddu tu FDI, ndng nghiep va phdt fridn ndng thdn ludn dugc coi Id. ITnh vyc khuydn khich vd dac bidt khuydn khich ddu tu nhung hieu qua chua xiing vdd tiem nang cung nhu tiid manh phdt Stf 66 (3+4/2015)
thdng kS (2014, tr.353)
tridn ndng nghiep viing DBSH. Mat khac, so voi ho^t ddng FDI trong cac lihh vyc khac, hidu qua thyc hien cac dy dn trong ITnh vyc ndng, ldm, ngu nghi?p cdn rit h?m chl, thilu dn dinh vd cd xu hudng giam.
Ba Id, ddi sdng ndng dan gap nhilu khd khan, hau het cdc khdu san xuat ndng nghidp trong vung deu lam thii cdng, dan din nang suit lao dgng ndng nghiep rdt thdp. Ty 1? dan sd Iam ndng nghifp trong vimg la 69,9% nhung san xuat ndng nghidp chua nudi sdng dugc ngudi ndng dan. Theo tinh toan ciia World Bank: nlu thdi tiet thuan Igi, mdt sao rudng Bdc Bd trung binh cho nang suat 1,5- 2 ta thdc, tuong duong vdi 1,6 tridu ddng, tuy nhien ngudi ndng dan phdi ganh khdng it cac khodn phi. Tu gidng liia, phan bdn, thudc bdo vd thyc vdt cho din cdng cay bua, gat...Tinh ra, mdi sdo rudng nguoi ndng dan vat vd nhung chi thu lai 200.000 - 300.000 ddng/ vy. Thu nhdp cua ndng dan tu nghd ndng chua bdo ddm miic sdng tdi thieu.
Vung DBSH chl cd 3% ndng dm trong vung cd didn tich dat lua hon 2ha, theo quy dinh loi nhu^ tdi thieu 30% cling chi cho hg miic thu nh^p dudi lUSD/ngudi/ngay. Ndng dan dang ddn thd o vdi nghe trdng liia, ddn din nhieu dia phuong tinh tr^ng ndng dan bd rudng.
Trudc mat, nhd cae ngudn thu nhdp tu cdng viec khac, cd the eugc sdng cua tung ho gia dhih vdn dn dinh. Nhung nhiing ngudn thu nh$p trdn thilu ben vung, khi cd biln ddng vl kinh tl - xa hoi, chac chan se tao ra he luy dnh hudng QUANLYKINHTE E ]
n m tfiHHHSHllMTHUCTliH PHAT TRIEN HONG NGHIEP THEO HUflNG BEN V(?NG..
nghiem trong ddn ddi sdng ciia ndng ddn. Mat khac, mac dii thu nhdp cua mdt bd phdn ndng dan cd tang nhung gia ca khdng dn d|nh ddn ddn ddi sdng cua ndng dan chua dugc cdi thien nhidu.
Bdn la, ngudn nudc, mdi trudmg khdng khi h\
d nhidm do canh tac thilu bdn virng. Theo ket qua dilu tra cua Td chiic ndng luong Lien hop qudc (FAO), hieu qud sii dung phdn bdn d Viet Nam ndi chung va viing DBSH chi d^t 45-50%i.
Didu dd CO nghTa Id ndng dan cii bdn 100 kg phan urea hoac NPK vao ddt, chi co 45-50kg phdn Id dugc cay trdng hdp thu va cho ra san phdm ndng san phuc vu myc dich gieo trdng, cdn lai 50-55kg phdn bdn hda vdo ddt vd ngudn nudc gdy d nhidm mdi trudng.
Cac CO sd chl bien xa ra mdi trudng lugng nudc thdi udc tinh vdo khoang tut 1,5 - 2 ty m3/nam, bao gdm nudc nia nguydn lieu va nudc thdi trong qua trinh chd bien bdt cd da gdy d nhilm nguon nudc tai cdc khu vyc xung quanh, nhat Id viing ciia sdng, ven bien c6 tinh da dang smh hgc cao. Ddt rom ra gdy ra khdi byi d nhidm mdi trudng, ndng dd byi do dugc tiii Idn hon tidu chudn cho phep tur 1,15 din 3,64 lin vd d|c bidt khi tiiu hoach vu mua.
4. M$t so kien nghi phdt trien nong nghiep theo hudng bin vung & viing DBSH trong nh&ngnamtdl
Thu nhdt, ve tdng cu&ng thi che, chinh sdch.
Tang cudng thu hiit ngudn vdn ddu tu cho phdt trien san xudt. Bdn canh ngudn vdn cua ngan sdch dja phuong, tranh thii ngudn vdn tu cac chuong trinh, dy an cua Trung uong va vdn ddu tu tryc tilp nudc ngodi. Trien khai thyc hien ding bO cac chinh sach tin dyng nhdm giiip ngudi ddn, cac thanh phdn kinh te tilp can cac ngudn vdn vay. Thdnh lap bg phan tu vin chinh sdch tai cac tinh de trg giiip ndng ddn trong viec Idp dy an san xudt, tiep cdn ngudn vdn vay tin dyng. Phdt tridn manh me thi trudng dich vy ndng nghiep dd tao dieu ki?n luu thdng hdng hda ndng nghidp. Nhd nudc vdd vai trd cua mmh cdn tao ra mdi trudng hda bmh, dn dinh dl phdt trilnndng nghifp theo hudng bin viing.
Tang cudng thi chl, ndng cao nang lyc qudn ly nha nudc hd trg cho ndng nghifp. Cung cd, Ei QUANLfKINHT^
kien toan bd may quan 1;^ Nhd nuoc vd ndng nghifp, ndng tiidn d tdt cd cdc cdp. Xdy dung chinh sdch, triln khai chuong trinh hanh ddng, ke ho^ch thyc hidn cy thi Nghi quylt sd 26- NQ/TW ve "Ndng nghidp, nong thdn, ndng dan" dugc thyc thi ddng bd, cd hieu qud. Tang cudng mang ludi khuyin ngu - ndng - Idm de t$p trung chuyen giao 6ng dyng tiln bd ky thu^t vdo sdn xudt cho ndng ngu dan. Thyc hidn ddng bg chinh sach gidi tda, den bii, gidi quyet vifc Idm In dinh cudc sing cho ndng d ^ bi thu hdi phdt trien dd thi, cdng nghifp.
Thic hai, thuc hi$n ddng bg cae gidi phdp ndng eao gid tri ndng sdn.
Ng^en cuu, dinh huong vd phat tridn cdy, con phii hop vdi dilu kien tiing dia phuong. Chii trong vai trd dy bdo thi truong, tim kilm thj trudng mdi cho san phim ndng san nhdm dinh hudng^hat tridn ndng nghidp hgp ly. Td chiic san xudt ndng nghifp theo hudng hinh thdnh cdc vung sdn xuat tap tmng, tham canh, san xult hdng hod Idn gdn vdi thi trudng tieu thy sdn phim. Trong dd, tdp trung, quy hoach hinh thdnh cdc viing chuydn canh ran, hoa, viing chan nudi tdp trung. Quy hoach su dyng dat trdng trgt vd cdy luong thyc, xdy dyng vung chuyen canh trdng liia. dn dinh didn tich cdy cdng nghifp hang nam nhu cdi, day, lac.. .Trudc mdt, mdt sd viing chuydn dan difn tich ddt trdng khoai khong hieu qud sang trdng cac loai cay thyc phdm vd cay hang nam khac dd vua cho gia tri kinh te eao, vua phii hgp vdi nhu clu thi trudng.
Trdng cdy dn qud cd thi manh ciia viing nhu nhdn, vdi, di, budi...phii hop vdi thd nhudng, khi hdu ciia viing DB SH.
Thuba, ndng cao doi sdng vgt chdt, tinhthdn cua ndng ddn
Phdt trien ndng nghidp theo hudng ben vung nhdm giam khodng each giau ngheo vd gidi quylt cdng bdng xd hgi. Trudc mat, gidi quyet tdt chinh sdch ddt dai nhdm dam bdo ddt CMih tdc cho ngudi ndng ddn. Nhd nudc thyc hifn tdt cdc bifn phdp ho trg ciia ddnh cho ngudi ngheo nhdm cdi tiiifn cac dilu kif n dl hg cd dilu kifn tilp can tdt hon vdi hhthig didu kifn tiioat nghdo. Cd chinh sdch hd trg cdng tde dao tao nghd, ndng cao khd nang hoc tdp, nang cao ddn tri, t?io l^p cac ylu tl dl on djnh vifc ldm, trdnh Stf 66 (3+4/2015)
PHAT TRlJN N 6 N G HGHlgP THEO HlfflNG BEN V(?NG.. KIHHNBHIEWT"i":TigH ^ ^ J
tdi ngheo. Thyc hifn cac chinh sdch chuong tribah khuydn ndng ciia Nhd nudc dl tang them ngudn lyc san xudt cho ngudd nghdo nhdm tang thu nhdp cai thien miic sing.
Thu tu, qudn ly hieu qud tdi nguyen, mdi truong
Thyc hien cdc chfnh sdch ngan cdm vifc khai thdc qud miic cac ngudn tai nguyen thien nhidn nhu dit, nudc, khdng khi, dam bdo khai thdc hgp Iy yd phdt huy thd m^nh. Tiing bu6c hodn thifn ve chinh sdch ddt dai, tai nguydn nudc, khodng sdn, mdi trudng vd dua cdc quy dinh phdp luat nay vao cudc sdng nhdm qudn ly, sii dung cd hidu qud, tiet kifm tai nguyen thien nhien, han che tien toi ngan chdn tdi da miic d0 gia tang d nhilm, suy thoai mdi trudmg, bao vd da dang sinh hgc.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
• Tdng cue Thdng kd, Niin gidm thdng ke (cdc ndm 2006 - 2014), Nhd xult bdn Thing ke. Ha N0i.
• Bg tdi Nguyen Mdi trudng, Bdo cdo moi truangqudcgia2012-2013,na}iQi20\3.
m Tdng eye thdng ke, Kit qud diiu tra ndng thdn, ndng nghiip, thiiy sdn 2011, Nha xuat bdn ThdngKe,HaNdi2011
• Tdng eye thdng ke, Sd lifu dieu tra lao ddng, vifc lam 2014, Nha xudt bdn Thdng Ke, Hd Ndi 2014
• Tdng eye thdng kd, Khdo sdt miic sdng ddn cu 2010,NhdxultbdnThdngKe, HdNdi 2010
• Bd Ndng nghifp va phat trien ndng thdn, Chdn nudi Viit Nam thuc trang vd gidiphdp, Hd Ngi 2014.
tf 66 (3+4/2015) QUANLtKIHHTf ^
