Cong nghe ca gioi hda khai thac than ham Id tren the gidi va keX qua ap dung tai cac mo than ham Id Viet Nam
PAO VAN C U P N G -Ban Qudn If cdc dU dn than D6ns bdng s6ng Hdnx VINACOMIN j PHAM TRUNG THONG - Thanh tra An todn - V^ sinh lao d^ng - Bd Lao ddng ThUdng hlnh & XH J PHAM PU'C THANG - TrUdng Dal hgc C6ng nghidp Qudng Ninh
1. E)$t van d e
Hifn nay, tgi nhflng nUtfc ctf ngdnh ctfng nghifp khai thie than phdt triln nhu My, Nga, Trung Qutfc, Oc, Ba Lan... ctfng nghf cd gitfi hod da dUpc dp dyng rtfng rii trong cdc mtf than ham Itf, btfi ttnh lifn tyc vd dtfng btf cao. cho phfp ning cao mdc dtf t^p trung htfa sdn xuat cda cdc mtf, ting ctfng suit Itf chp, nang suit lao dtfng vd mdc dtf an toin.
Tgi d c mtf than him 16 cda Vift Nam, trinh dtf cd gitfi trong khai thdc van d mdc dtf thip. Trong khdu ehtfng gid, d c mtf da trien khai dp dyng cdc loai vi chong thuy Itfc thay vi chtfng gtf, nhUng ctfng nghf khiu than chd yeu van li khoan ntf min thd ctfng. Vii nam gin diy, mtft so mtf nhu Khe Chdm, Mao Khf, Nam Mlu, Vdng Danh, Htfng Thii... di ap dyng cd gidi hod trong khai thdc than him Itf nhim muc dich tang ctfng suit Itf chp. Tuy nhifn, d e ctfng trinh niy dang tf giai doan diu vi mtfi dtfng gtfp ddpc phin nhtf trong stf phat triln sdn lupng than cda Tgp doin Ctfng nghifp Than - Khoang sin Vift Nam.
2. Tong quan ve cong ngh$ cd gidi h6a trong khai thac than ham 16 tren the gidi
Trfn thi gitfi, ctfng nghf cP gitfi htfa khai thdc di ddpc dp dyng trong hiu hit eic phgm vi dilu kifn dja chit mtf khic nhau vd cy thi nhd sau:
- Dtfi vtfi cdc via mtfng din trung binh, thoii din nghiing, khi dilu kifn dja chit mtf thugn Ipi, d c ndtfc thddng du tifn ip dyng cd gitfi htfa trong cdc hf thtfng khai thie gUdng Itf chp ddi nhU ctft ddi theo phddng hoac liln gUdng vdi mdc dtf cd gitfi htfa cao nhat trong d c khiu khiu than, chtfng Itf, v$n tii vd dio Itf chuin bj. Cdc thilt bi cd gidi htfa chtnh thdtfng ddpc sd dyng gtfm: chong gifl bing gidn chtfng ttf hinh hoac vi thdy Itfc (gid thdy Itfc, gid xtch, ctft thdy Itfc ddn, ctft ma sdt), khiu than bang mdy bao hogc miy khiu. Thtfc tl cho thiy trong dilu kifn chilu dii gddng Itf chp td 150 •;•
300 mit, chilu ddy via td 0,8 -^ 3,5 mft, gtfc dtfc via dutfi 150 dp dyng ctfng nghf c<j gitfi htfa toin phin bing giin chtfng va miy khiu hogc miy bio ctfng suit Itf chd td 1 -H 2 trifu tin/nim, trUdng hpp Itf chp dp dung Cd gitfi htfa tdng phin sd dyng vi thdy Itfc dPn vtfi
2 8 | C 6 N G N G H I $ P » Kj-1, thing 8/2012
mdy khiu hogc mdy bio sdn lupng khai thdc vd dgt t 0,3 + 0,5 trifu tin/nam.
Cung trong dilu kifn via nhu trfn, khi dilu kifn dja chit mtf phdc tgp. d c nudc nhu Phdp, Liln Xtf (d) d$c bift li My, thUtfng ip dyng ca gitfi htfa trong cic hf thtfng khai thie gUdng Itf chp Itf ngin nhit butfng, butf ng ctft, chia ctft ngdn,... Vifc sd dyng dtfng btf thilt bj Cd gitfi htfa cho d dio Itf vi khai thie kit hpp hf thtfng vgn tdi lien tyc di cho phfp ning cao dUpc ndng suit lao dtfng cda ctfng nhin khai thdc, phy thutfc vdo dtfng btf thiet bj cd gidi, ndng suit lao dtfng thddng dgt td 5 -^ 50 tan/ctfng, ctfng suit Itf chp dgt td 100.000 - 300.000 tIn/nam.
- Dtfi vdi cdc via day thodi din nghiing, ctfng nghf . cd gitfi htfa khai thac ddpc ap dyng trong cdc hf thfing khai thdc: ctft dii theo phupng, khiu toin btf chilu diy via (din 7,0 mf t); chia ldp nghiing vi ctft dii theo phddng, Itf chp khiu bim try, hg tran than ntfc
Tgi cdc ndtfc nhd Trung Qutfc, Ddc, My, Oc, Nga,.- dl Ichai thie cac via diy da dUa vio sd dyng dong bf thiet bj cd gitfi htfa trong Itf chp khai thdc toin btf chilu ddy via (din 7,0 mft). Lfu dilm eua ctfng nghf khai thdc ndy Id ctfng suit Itf chp vi ning suat lao dtfng cao, ttfn thit than thip. Dien Wnh li tgi Oc da sd dyng tl hpp thilt bj cd gitfi htfa khai thie cho via than ctf chieu diy td 4,0 -t- 4,5 mit, cho san Idpng khai thie dgt 3,5 trifu tIn/nim. Tgi My, sdn Idpng than khai thie tgi mtft gddng Itf chp vtfti chilu cao khau din 4 mft li 2,8 trifu tin/ndm. Tgi Nga, khai thdc via ctf chilu diy via 5 met cho sin Idpng khai thdc khoing 3-^4 trifu tIn/nam.
Mtft stf ndtfc nhu Sfc, Trung Quoc,... da ip dung ctfng nghf ed gitfi hoi trong hf thtfng khai thie ctft dii theo phddng, gddng Itf chp ctf thi d t vutfng hodc dt chio so vtfi phddng via de gidm dp doc vi khtfng che ttfc dtf ttf chiy cda than sau khi tich phi. Ctfng suit cda d c Itf chp niy khodng 0,3 ^ 0,7 trifu tIn/ndm.
Tgi Lifn Xtf cu da ip dyng ctfng nghf ca gitfi htfa khai thdc trong hf thtfng khai thdc ctft dii theo hutfng dtfc bing ttf hpp 2ANSH. Ctfng suit cda cic 16 chp ndy d^t khodng 0,2 -i- 0,3 trifu tIn/nam. Ctfng nghf khai thac cho d c via mtfng din diy trung binh dtfc nghieng vd dtfc ddng theo hddng khtfng ctf ngdtfi Idm vifc trong
_ ^ Website: www.tapchicongnghiep.vn
HGHIEHCirU TMODOll
Hlnh dnh Id ehg ca gidi hda via ddy thodi tgi md than Nam Mdu guong khai thie cung di dUpc triln khai tgi Lien Xtf (cu) vi Dtfng Au. Diln hinh li ed gidi htfa sd dyng mdy cUa than trong hf thtfng khai thdc ctft dii theo phuong ho|c theo hutfng dtfc. Ctfng nghf khai thdc sd dyng miy cUa than dp dyng cho cic via ctf dtf ndt nf Idn, dtf chda khi bit ky, chieu diy via td 0,5 -^ 2,0 met, gtfc dtfc via td 45 -^ 900 di vach vi di try via thutfc loai khtf sgp do.
- DSi vdi cdc via diy, doc nghiing din dtfc ddng, ctfng nghf cd gidi htfa ddpc dp dyng phtf biln nhat trong d c hf thong khai thac chia Itfp bing hoic hf thtfng khai thdc Itf dpc via phdn ting. Tai Trimg Qutfc vi Nga, da ip dyng ctfng nghf cd gidi htfa trong hf thtfng khai thie chia Itfp bang ctf ha trin than bdng dtfng btf thilt bj sd dyng cho 16 chp dai tgi cic via than ctf chieu diy trfn 15 mft vd gtfc dtfc tren 350. Tai Lifn Xtf (cu) vi Phip da ap dyng cong nghf cP htfa bing may dio Itf trong he thtfng khai thdc 16 dpc via phin ting. Tgi Nga da sd dyng ctfng nghf ca gitfi htfa bing may lim tdi than, miy khoan ddtfng kinh Idn vi ddn ttf hdnh trong hf thong khai thdc Itf dpc via phin tang.
3. Ket qua dp dyng cong ngh$ cd gidi hoa khai thac tai mgt sd md than ham Id tai Vi$t Nam
Trong giai dogn td nim 2000 din nay, mtft stf mtf than him Itf vung Quing Ninh da ip dyng ctfng nghf cd gitfti htfa khai thac cho cic dieu kifn dja chit via nhd sau:
Cd gitfi htfa khai thie via diy trung binh vi thoii lan Khe Chim vdi hf thong vd ctfng nghf khai p dyng li ctft dii theo phddng, cd gitfi htfa tdng ibing mdy khau than kit hpp gia thu^ Itfc di dpng sdn xuit tgi TVung Qutfc. Kit qui cho thiy, ctfng suit khai thie dgt 180.000 tIn/nam, nang suit lao dtfng trtfc tj^^ate 6-^8 tin/ctfng trong dilu kifn chilu dii Itf chp trung binh 100 met, chieu cao khau 2,2 met Tiep do, cung tai mo than Khe Cham da ap dung cong nghe cO gitfi hoa toan phan bing may khau than va gian chong sau:
^ ^ ^ t a ^ l ^ i p i
bin.
sdn xuit tai Trung Qutfc cho dilu kifn via nhU tren vtfi ctfng suit dgt ddpc Id 300.000 tIn/nim, nang suit lao dtfng dat trfn 10 tIn/ctfng.
- C P gitfi htfa khai thdc via diy, thodi tgi cdc mtf
\^ng Danh vd Nam Mlu vdi hf thtfng vi ctfng nghf khai thie ip dyng li ctft ddi theo phddng, hg trin than ntfc. cd gidi htfa todn phin bing mdy khiu than sdn xuit tgi Dtfng Au vd giin chtfng ha trin sin xuit tai Vift Nam. Kit qud butfc diu vtfi chilu dii 16 chp td 80 H- 120 mft, chilu ddy via td 6 + 8 mft, gtfc dtfc via 10 - 150, ctfng suit khai thdc ttnh trong thdi gian 16 chp hogt dtfng tfn djnh dgt khodng 350.000 tIn/nam, t^ If thu htfi than ntfc 75%, ning suit lao dtfng dgt trin 10 tIn/ctfng.
- Cdgitfi htfa khai thdc via diy trung binh, dtfc ddng tgi cdc mtf Mgo Khf vi Htfng Thdi vdi hf thtfng vi ctfng nghf khai thdc dp dyng li ctft dii theo hUdng dtfc, cP gitfi htfa todn phin bing miy vd giin chong sin xuit tgi Dtfng Au. Kit qui cho thiy, ctfng suit khai thdc dgt td 60.000 -^ 80.000 tIn/nam, ndng suit lao dtfng trtfc tilp dgt td 8 -^ 10 tIn/ctfng trong dilu kifn chilu dii 16 chp 60 mft, chieu ddy via 2,2 met, gtfc doc via td 50 -^ 600.
- Cd gidi htfa khai thdc via ddy, dtfc tai d c mtf Ving Danh vtfi hf thtfng vi ctfng nghf khai thac ip dyng la chia itfp bang, ha tran than ntfc, cd gitfi htfa mtft phan khdu chtfng gifl bang gian chtfng. Kit qud butfc dau cho thiy: trong dieu kifn via. ddy 7 mft, gtfc dtfc via 700, ctfng suit 16 chd dgt khoing 50.000 tan/ndm.
4. Ket luan
Td kit qud nghifn cdu tong hpp trfn ctf thi thiy, ctfng nghf cd gidi htfa khai thdc trfn thi gitfi rit phdt triln, ddp dng nhilu dilu kifn dja chat khdc nhau.
Trong dieu kifn dja chit tfn dinh, thuan Ipi, cic nUdc thudng dp dyng cd gidi hoa trong d c hf thong khai thac 16 chp dii, nen sin lUpng khai thie dgt dUpe khi cao. TVong dilu kifn dja chit ky thuf t mtf phdc tgp, d c nUtfc thudng dp dyng ca gidi htfa trong cdc hf ditfng khai thdc gUdng Itf ngdn vtfi ctfng suit hgn chl hem, nhUng van vUpt trpi so vtfi ctfng nghf thd ctfng. Tgi Vift Nam, ctfng nghf trfn cung dUpc dp dyng trong mtft stf mtf him Itf ctf dilu kifn dja chit thufn Ipi vdi kit qud dgt dUpc khd tot. Hifn nay, cdc ctfng nghf cd gitfi htfa trfn dang dUpc nghien cdu hodn thifn de md rtfng dp dyng tgi cdc khu vtfc ctf dilu kifn phd hpp tgi d e mtf than him 16 khic.
Tdi ll$u tham khao:
- Cdng nghi tiin tiin trong khai thdc md hdm Id. PGS.TS.
Trdn Vdn Thanh
• Cdng nghi khai thdc than hdm Id. Vu Dinh Tiin vd Trdn Van Thanh
• Cdc dudn, thiit l^dp dung cdng nghi edgi& hda tgi cdc md Mgo khi, Hdng Thdi, Vdng Danh. Nam Mdu, Khe Chdm, do Vien KHCN Mtf vd Cdng ty C6 phdn TU vdn Ddu tU Md vd Cdng nghiep lap.
- Tai lieu tham khdo tCiintemet.
Website: www.tapchicongnghiep.vi - ^ 1. thing 8/2012 «C0NG NGHlfiP 29
