Cac nhan to
anh hu'dng den chat lifg^ng dao tao cam nhan cua sinh vien TrUofng
Dai hoc Dong Do
TRAN THANH TUAN*
Tom tat
Muc tieu cda nghien cdu nham xdc dinh cdc nhdn td dnh hudng den chdt lugng ddo tqo cdm nhdn cda sinh vien Trudng Dqi hgc Ddng Dd. Dua vdo dit lieu dugc thu thdp td 350 sinh vien dang theo hgc tqi Nhd trUdng, ke't qud nghien cdu tim thdy 04 nhdn td chinh tdc ddng de'n Chdt lugng ddo tqo cdm nhdn cda sinh vien TrUdng Dqi hgc Ddng Dd, ldn lugt Id: Dgi ngu nhdn lytc, Chuang trinh vd Ddnh gid ddo tqo, Ca sd vdt chdt, Khd ndng hgi nhap. Hdm y cda nghien cdu ndy gdp phdn vdo viec ndng cao chdt lugng ddo tqo cda Nhd trUdng.
Tuf khoa: chdt lugng ddo tqo cdm nhdn, sinh vien, TrUdng Dqi hgc Ddng Dd Summary
This study is to determine factors influencing the perceived training quality of students at Dong Do University. Based on the data collected from 350 students at the University, it discovers four main determinants which are Human resources. Training programs and assessments. Facilities, Ability to integrate. Afterwards, some implications are provided to improve the University's training quality.
Keywords: perceived training quality , students, Dong Do University
G\0\ THIEU tieu giao due dao tao cua Luat Giao due, phu hdp vdi yeu cau dao tao ngudn nhan Mac du Trffdng Dai hpc Ddng Dd dang sd hi?u mpt life eho sff phat trien kinh te' - xa hdi cua dpi ngu giang vien doi dao, da dang va dat hpe ham hpc dia phffdng va ca nffdc".
vi cao, nhffng phan ldn la giang vien thinh giang, hp bi Theo Nguyen Thi Tham (2010), dpi phan tan thdi gian eho nghien cffu va giang day. Ben ngu nhan life cd anh hffdng trffc tie'p de'n canh dd, giao trinh giang day chffa dffdc nang cap thffdng chat Iffdng dao tao cua trffdng dai hpc.
xuyen theo nhu cau dau ra cua thi trffdng; cd sd vat chat Theo do, giang vien la dd'i tffdng trufc tie'p cdn cd chd chffa thffc sff td't; tinh hdi nhap vdi ben ngoai anh hffdng de'n chat Iffdng dao tao thdng can hoan thien hdn... Ta't ca nhiJng ye'u td nay dang anh qua boat ddng giang day va hffdng dan sinh hffdng de'n chat Iffdng dao tao cua Nha trffdng. Chinh vi vien hoan thanh chffdng trinh hpc. Do vay, vay, nghien cffu nay da bdc tach, phan tich cac nhan to khd cd the cd chat Iffdng dau ra td't ne'u dpi anh hffdng de'n chat Iffdng dao tao cam nhan cua smh ngu giang vien kem ve trinh dp, nang life, vien tai Trffdng Dai hpc Ddng Dd, qua do gdp phan nang Ben canh dd, dpi ngu nhan vien phdng/ban cao chat Iffdng dao tao eho Nha trffdng trong thdi gian tdi. chuyen trach tuy cd tac ddng gian tie'p tdi hoat ddng dao tao, nhffng cung la ddi ngQ CO s d LY THUYET VA PHU'ONG PHAP rat'quan trpng vdi nhiem vu td chffc, dam NGHIEN CLfu bao, hd trd boat ddng day hpc va danh gia
ke't qua hpe tap eua sinh vien.
Casdly thuyet Theo Dang Vu Hoat va Ha Thi Dffc Quye't dinh sd 65/2007/QD-BBGDT, ngay 01/11/2007 (2004), chffdng tnnh dao tao la ndi dung cua Bd Giao due va Dao tao ban hanh quy dinh ve tieu cd ban, can thiet va quan trpng trong qua chuan danh gia chat Iffdng giao due trffdng dai hpc neu trinh dao tao. Nd la chuan mffe de danh rd: "Chat Iffdng giao due dai hpc la sif dap ffng muc gia chat Iffdng dao tao trong eac ddn vi tieu do nha trffdng de ra, dam bao cac yeu cau ve muc nha trffdng. Chffdng trinh dao tao xac
"Trifdng Dai hoc Dien life I Email: [email protected]
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 07/11/2018; Ngdy pimn bien: 19/11/2018; Ngdy duyet ddng: 22/11/2018
l O O Kinh te va Du bao
Kinh tc
dinh rd muc tieu dao tao (nhan each, pham chai nang life, ky nang... cua sinh vien ra trirdng) va' ndi dung dao tao (he thd'ng cac kien thffc ve chinh tri, xa hdi, phu trd, chuyen nganh).
Theo Tran Thi Tuyet Oanh (2012), trong qua trinh day hpc, danh gia khdng chi la boat ddng chap nd'i them vao sau bai giang, nia nd cd quan he hdp dianh vdi viec ra quye't dinh cua giang vien, thue day sinh vien hpc tap, nang cao trach nhiem cua ngffdi hpe trong hpc tap; tac ddng tdi phffdng phap day va phffdng phap hpc; giup cho cac nha quan ly di de'n nhihig quyet dinh de cai tie'n va hoan thien ndi dung hay chi dao ddi mdi phffdng phap day hpc.
Theo Rahman va cac ddng sif (2014), cong cu danh gia phai cho tha'y ngffdi hoc cd the hien dffdc nang life hay khdng va nang life do phai dffdc xet theo mpt chuan td'i thieu do nha trffdng dat ra.
Cung theo nghien effu cua Nguydn Thi Tham (2010), cd sd vat chat la ye'u td rat quan trpng, cd anh hffdng dang ke tdi chat lifdng dao tao. Cd sd vat chat td't tao sff thoai mai cho ea ngffdi day va ngffdi hpc, do dd khi md Idp can dac biet chu y tdi nhan tdnay. Phffdng tien day hpe td't, dac biet la I phffdng tien hien dai giup giang vien tang them sff hap din cua bai hpc, vi du nhff:
may chieu, hinh anh, sd do minh hpa tn^c quan, ke't nd'i viin thdng va intemet... deu giup hpc vien hpc hieu qua hdn.
Theo Boahin va Hofman (2013), Uen ket vdi doanh nghiep trong viec thie't ke chffdng trinh hpc se giup cac trffdng xac dinh dffdc: (1) tdng quan ve cac cdng viec hien cd trong xa hdi; (2) cac nhiem vu cdt ldi cua mdi cdng viec; (3) cac nang life cd't ldi can cd de thife hien cac nhiem vu dd va (4) hinh thanh cac mdn hpc phii hdp de phat trien cac nang life dd.
Cdn theo Parasuraman et al. (1988), chat lifdng dich vu cam nhan (Perceived service quahty - FSQ) la nhuhg danh gia chung cua ttiai dp hen quan den dich vu ffu viet.
Tdng hdp cac ly thuye't ndi tren, tac gia de xua't md hinh nghien cffu cd 05 nhan to' quye't dinh den cha't Iffdng dao tao cam nhan cua sinh vien Trffdng Dai hpc Ddng Dd, dd la: Dpi ngu nhan life, Chffdng trinh dao tao, Phffdng phap danh gia, Cd sd vat chat, Kha nang hdi nhap.
Cac gia thuye't dffdc dffa ra nhff sau:
HI: Dpi ngii nhan life cd tac ddng thuan chieu den chat lffdng dao tao cam nhan;
H2' Chffdng tiinh dao tao cd tac ddng thuan chifeu den chat Iffdng dao tao cam nhan;
BANG 1: TONG HCJP KIEM DINH DQ TIN CAY CUA THANG DO THEO CAC NHOM BIEN
Big'n
Doi neu nhdn liic cda Nhd tritifng NT.l
Nt.9.
Nl,-^
N1.4 NT .5 NT ,6 NT ,7 NT ,8
Chit(fng trinh ddn tan
* r T i
r T 2 C"f^
r T 4 CT5 CT6 r T 7
PhUffng phdp ddnh gid DGI
DG2 DG3 DG4 Ccf siir vat chdt
CSVCl CSVC2 CRVC^
CSVC4 C,SVC5 Khd ndnp hoi nhqp
\^\
HN2 HN3 HN4 HN5
Chdt lilffng ddn tan cam nhq.n CTl
CT,2 CT.^
CT4
Cronbach's Alpha khi loai bi€'n
Cronbach's Alpha tdng help 9,09,
806 qnn .8og .809 .810 .815 .871
0.848
.802 .8.57 .798 857 .806 .807 .817
0.843
.598 510 510 848
0.705
.845 868 849 872 .881
0.888
85^
.840 866 .85^
855
0.879
.717 661 .787 728
0.779
BANG 2: KIEM DINH KMO v A BARLETT CHO NHOM BIEN DOC LAP KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sarnpling Adequacy.
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity
Approx. Chi-Square df
Sig^
.853 5564.758 276 .000 Nguon; Tac gia chay SPSS tir sd lieu digu tra
H3: Phffdng phap danh gia cd tac ddng thuan chieu de'n chat Iffdng dao tao cam nhan;
H4: Cd sd vat chat cd tac ddng thuan chieu de'n chat Iffdng dao tao cam nhan;
H5: Kha nang hdi nhap cd tac ddng thuan chieu de'n cha't Iffdng dao tao cam nhan.
PhUOngphdp nghien cdu
Tac gia thu thap dff lieu bang phffdng phap phat bang hdi vdi 350 sinh vien dang hpc tai Trffdng Dai hpc Ddng Dd. Nghien cffu dffdc thffc hien tff thang 01- 05/2018. Sau khi thu ve va lam sach so lieu, cd 350 phie'u dat tieu chuan dffdc nhap vao phan mem SPSS 20.0 de xff ly. Bai viet ap dung thang do Likert (1-5) cd y nghia di kem la: 1 rat khdng ddng y, 2 khdng ddng y, 3 - binh thffdng, 4 - ddng y, 5 - rat dong y (Bdi vie't sddung cdch vie't sdthdp phdn theo chudn qud'c te).
KET QUA NGHIEN CCu
Kiem dinh mdc tin cqy cda thang do
Ne'u nliff chi dffng d phan tich nhan td kham pha.
Economy and Forecast Review
139
BANG 3: TINH TOAN TIEU CHUAN HOI TCI CHO TCfNG NHAN TO CTl
CT3 DGI CT5 CT6 DG3 CT7 DG2 NLl NL2 NL4 NL5 NL6 NL7 CSVCl CSVC3 CSVC2 CSVC4 CSVC5 HN2 HN5 HN4 HNl HN3 CL4 CL3 CL2 CLI
<—
< -
< -
<—
<—
<—
<—
<—
<—
<—
<—
<—
<—
<—
<—
<—
<—
<—
<—
<—
<—
< -
< -
<—
<—
< - -
<—
<—
CTDG CTDG CTDG CTDG CTDG CTDG CTDG CTDG NL NL NL NL NL NL
csvc csvc csvc csvc csvc
HN HN HN HN HN CL CL CL CL
H^sgrtainhaBtaT 0.923 0.879 0.817 0.779 0.753 0.734 0.735 0.668 0.885 0.884 0.846 0.866 0.81 0.816 0.887 0.864 0.752 0.715 0.712 0.861 0.68 0.703 0.822 0.709 0.703 0.56 0.781 0.737
CRR
0.929282
0.940579
0.891328
0.870303
0.791358
VE 0.623889
0.725385
0.623388
0.575259
0.590235
BANG 4: TINH HOI TU VA TINH PHAN BIET CUA TCTNG NHAN TO CTDG
CTDG CTDG NL NL
csvc
CTDG NL CSVC HN
<->
<->
<-->
<->
< - >
< - >
< - >
< - >
< - >
<->
NL CSVC HN CSVC HN HN CL CL CL CL
H6 sd'h6i quv chu^n hoa 0.185 0.141 0.182 0.174 0.227 0.351 0.556 0.665 0.575 0.475
p-value 3.64E-21
8.8E-23 2.84E-21
1.46E-21 1.06E-19 9.17E-16 2.81E-10 9.22E-08 8.03E-10 2.58E-12
CL CL CL CL
<—
< -
< - -
<—
BANGS CTDG NL CSVC HN
: HE SO HOI QUY (iOC LtfdNG THEO MO HINH Estimate
.217 .351 .181 .086
S.E.
.027 .037 .024 .025
CR.
8.127 9.499 7.563 3.401
P
*=^=}=
H = * *
^^^
^**
Label par 34 par 35 par 36 par 37 Nguon: Tac gia chay SPSS tuT so lieu dieu tra
thi khdng can phai bd bie'n nao bdi he sd Cronbach's Alpha deu >0.6 cho tffng nhdm bie'n (Bang 1). Tuy nhien, de tang cffdng tinh hdi tu trong phan tich nhan td khang dinh (CFA), cung nhff cai thien td't hdn cac thdng sd Model Fits danh gia sff phu hdp cua md hinh ca'u true tuye'n tinh (SEM) vdi dff lieu thife nghiem cua thi trffdng, tac gia tie'n hanh bd bie'n: NL3, NL8, CT2, CT4, DG4 de tang them tinh tin cay thang do.
Phdn tich nhdn to'khdm phd
Ke't qua he so KMO va kiem dinh Barlett dffdc trinh bay trong Bang 2 cho tha'y, he so" KMO = 0.853 > 0.5 va gia tri tdi ban cua kiem dinh Barlett la 0.000 la dat yeu cau, nghia la cac chi bao trong md hinh cd sff tffdng quan vdi nhau. Nhff vay, quy md mlu nghien cffu la phia hdp va du ldn de thffc hien ky thuat phan tieh nhan to.
Mo hinh cdu true tuyen tinh
CFA cho phep kiem dinh eau triic md hinh ly thuye't cua cae thang do cung nhff eac md'i quan he giffa mdt khai niem nghien effu vdi cac khai niem khac ma khdng bi chech do sai sd'do Iffdng. Nhdm tieu ehuan khang dinh cac nhan to bao gdm: dp tin cay tdng hdp, tinh hdi tu, tinh phan biet, tinh ddn hffdng.
Bang 3 cho tha'y. Dp tin cay tdng hdp (CCR) > 0.8, Phffdng sai trich (VE) > 0.6.
Ke't qua nay cho tha'y, cae nhan td' ndi chung deu dat yeu eau (duy chi cd VE cua CL chffa thffe sff eao, chd xem xet d giai doan SEM).
Bang 4 eho tha'y, tinh hpi tu (Convergent Vahdity): thang do dat hdi tu khi eac trpng so hdi quy chuan hda deu > 0.5 vdi mffe p-value < 0.5. Trong khi dd, tinh phan biet (Discriminant Vahdity): eac khai niem trong md hinh nghien cffu de xua't cd he sd tffdng quan giffa ehung deu khac biet 1 va mffe p-value < 0.5 (Bang 4).
Tinh ddn hffdng (unidimentionality):
the hien mdi mdt bie'n quan sat dffdc sff dung de do Iffdng duy nha't mdt bie'n tiem an. Tinh ddn hffdng se khdng hoan thien khi cae sai so'cua tap cac bie'n quan sat cd tffdng quan vdi nhau. Tuy nhien, tren thffc te, rat hiem md hinh dat dffdc dieu nay.
Nhff trong nghien eiiXi nay, chung ta thay Chffdng trinh dao tao (CT) va Phffdng phap danh gia (DG) hdi tu vao 1 nhan to tff nhieu nhan td ky vpng ly thuyet, ta hdp thanh nhan to mdi la Chffdng trinh va Danh gia dao tao (CTDG). Can cff theo Modification Indices ve hieu chinh md hinh theo hiep phffdng sai giffa cac sai so' cua cac bie'n trong 1 nhdm nhan to', chung ta chap nhan tinh ddn hffdng khdng the dat dffdc hoan hao (e5&e8, e6&e8, e l l & e l 3 , e21&e22), bdi nhff vay se anh hffdng tdi Model Fits danh gia Slf phu hdp cua giai doan SEM.
Tie'p do, nghien cffu tim cac he so hdi quy ffdc Iffdng theo phffdng phap ffdc Iffdng hdp ly cffc dai (Maximum Likelihood estimation) trong md hinh SEM (Hinh).
Theo ket qua md hinh SEM d Hinh thi:
CMIN/df = 2.404 < 5: dat yeu eau; RMSEA
= 0.068: dat yeu cau; CFI = 0.924 > 0.9: dat yeu cau; TLI = 0.924 > 0.9: dat yeu cau;
M = 0.924 > 0.9: dat yeu cau; NH = 0.877 va GFI = 0.843: xap xi mffe 0.9.
Nhff vay, ve cd ban, md hinh phu hdp vdi dff lieu thffc nghiem.
Bang 5 phan anh md hinh hdi quy ca'u true tuye'n tinh (khac so vdi phffdng phap
140
Kinh te'va Dir baolfdc Iff^ lg nh phffdng nhd nha't OLS).
Cu the p Lf'oag rinh ed dang nhff sau:
CL = 0.21, CTDG + 0.351*NL + 0.181*CSVC + m6*HN
Ke't qua phan tich d Bang 5 cho tha'y.
Dpi ngQ nhan life la ye'u td quan trpng nha't anh hffdng tdi Chat Iffdng dao tao cua Nha trffdng vdi he sd 0.351. Tie'p theo dd la Chffdng trinh va Danh gia dao tao vdi he sd 0.217. Dffng thff 3 la yeu td Cd sd vat chat vdi he sd 0.181. Cud'i cung la ye'u td' Kha nang hpi nhap cd mffe dp anh hffdng tha'p nha't tdi Cliat Iffdng dao tao cua Nha trffdng vdi he sd' 0.086.
KET LUAN VA MOT SO GIAI PHAP
Ke't qua nghien cffu cho tha'y. Chat lifdng dao tao cam nhan eua sinh vien Trffdng Dai hpc Ddng Dd chiu anh hifdng bdi 4 nhan to' vdi thff tff giam dan nhff sau: Dpi ngu nhan life, Chffdng trinh va Danh gia dao tao, Cd sd vat chat, Kha nang hdi nhap.
De nang cao chat Iffdng dao tao cam nhan cua sinh vien Trffdng Dai hpc Ddng Do, theo tac gia, Nha trffdng can thffc hien mdt sdgiai phap sau:
Ddi vdi dgi ngii nhdn lUc: De dam bao chat Iffdng dpi ngu giang vien, dac biet la cae giang vien chuyen nganh, Nha trffdng can: (1) Tuyen dung giang vien dffdc dao tao theo dung chuyen nganh tdt nghiep dai hpc chinh quy (he tap trung) d cac trffdng dai hpc cd uy tin;
(2) Cd chinh sach khuye'n khich tuyen dung sinh vien cua Trffdng td't nghiep loai gidi dung chuyen nganh, cd nhieu thanh tich cao trong hpc tap va nghien cffu khoa hoc.
HiNH: SEM CHO MO HINH NGHIEN CCTU
2.404 chisquare/dr .068 rmsea .924 cfi .914 tJi s877 nfi .924 if) .843 gfi
"?000 p 336 df
Ngudn: Tac gia chay SPSS tii sd lieu diSu tra
Dd'i vdi chuong trinh vd ddnh gid ddo tqo: Thay vi danh gia sinh vien thdng qua cac bai kiem tra, diem tdng ke't, thi phffdng phap danh gia sinh vien cua Nha trffdng can theo tien trinh giang day de kip thdi phat hien nhffng Id hdng ve kien thffc cua sinh vien. Tff dd cd the kip thdi thay ddi phffdng phap truyen dat va bd sung kien thffc ma sinh vien cdn thie^u nham muc dich giup sinh vien nhanh chdng nam bat kien thffc mdt each thuan ldi. Giang vien can cho diem sinh vien trong sud't qua trinh hpc tap bang nhffng bai tap nhdm, thuye't trinh, thao luan, phat bieu...
Ddi vdi cOsd vdt chdt: Nha trffdng can dau tff them cac thiet bi phue vu cho viee day va hpc, he thdng cd sd vat chat rieng cho khd'i nganh ky thuat va md rdng quy md thff vien va trang bi he thd'ng giao trinh tai heu tham khao.
Ddi vdi khd ndng hgi nhap: Nha trffdng can day manh md'i quan he hdp tac vdi cac doanh nghiep bang each cd them nhffng chinh sach de gan ket chat hdn giffa Nha trffdng va doanh nghiep. Tff do xay dffng va dieu chinh chffdng trinh dao tao gan vdi nhu cau thffc te. Khdng chi hdp tac vdi cac doanh nghiep trong nffdc, viec gan ket hdp tac vdi cac doanh nghiep nffdc ngoai cung rat can thiet. •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bd Giao due va Dao tao (2007). Quye't dinh so 65/2007/QD-BBGDT, ngdy 01/11/2007 ban hanh quy dinh ve tieu chudn ddnh gid chdt lugng gido due trudng dqi hgc
2. Dang Vu Hoat va Ha Thi Dffc (2004). Ly ludn dqy hgc dqi hgc, Nxb Dai hpc Sff pham, Ha Ndi 3. Tran Thi Tuyet Oanh (2012). Ddnh gid ke't qud hgc tap, Nxb Dai hpc Sff pham, Ha Ndi 4. NguySn Thi Tham (2010). Khdo sdt svt hdi ldng cda sinh vien dd'i vdi hoqt dgng ddo tqo tqi Trudng Dqi hgc Khoa hgc tyt nhien, Dqi hgc Qud'c gia Thdnh phdHo^ Chi Minh, Luan van Thac sy, Trffdng Dai hpc Khoa hpc tff nhien, Dai hpc Qud'c gia Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh
5. Boahin, P. & Adriaan Hofman, W.H. (2014). Perceived effects of competency-based training on the acquisition of professional skills,International Joumal of Educational Development, 36, SI-S9
6. Parasuraman A., Zeithaml V.A & Berry L. L. (1988). Servqual: a multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality, Journal of Retailing, 64 (1), 12-40
7. Rahman, A., Hanafi, N. M., Mukhtar, M. I. & Ahmad, J. (2014). Assessment Practices for Competency Based Education and Training in Vocational College, Malaysia, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 112, 1070-1076
Ecopom.v and Forecast Review
