I VAN HOA
Cai dep lavotrf tuyet doi
CONSTANTIN BRANCUSI (1876-1957) Sau khi hgc xong Dgi hgc My thudt a que huang Romania, Brancusi den Paris vdo ndm 1904 de hgc hoi them Tie khodng ndm 1907, dnh huang cua Rodin vd cua diiu khdc chdu Phi da dinh huong Brancusi theo duoi su trieu tugng vd dan gidn ciia hinh thiic -phong cdch ldm nen ten tudi cua dng.
Cdc tugng go dug'c deo tgc true tiip vd cdc tuang dd a thai ky ddu cho thdy niem himg thd ddi v&i nghe thudt nguyen thuy a Brancusi Den giai dogn sau, Brancusi phdt trien thim ky thudt do khudn, tdt cd diu ndm trong mdi quan tdm muon kiim tim nhiing hinh thirc tinh yeu cua ong. Cdng trinh tugng ddi ndi tieng nhdt cua dng dug'c hodn thdnh vdo ndm 1937 tgi Romania, do Id mgt td hap gdm ba tdc phdm "Table of Silence", "The Gate of the Kiss", vd "The Column ofthe Infinite " ddt trong mot cong vien a thdnh pho Tdrgu Jiu.
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Sau Michelangelo, cac nha dieu khac muon lam tugng ldn. The nhung hg chi lam ra nhiing pho tupng phd truong. Den the ky XIX, digu khac rai vao tinh the dang tuyet vpng. Rodin xuat hien va lam thay doi mgi thii. Nhd dng, con ngudi trd lai lam thudc do, la tigu chuan ma tac pham dieu khac dugc td chuc theo. Nhd dng, digu khac trd lai la ngudi d kich thudc, d su bieu dat, d ndi dung cua nd. Anh hudng cua Rodin da hing va vkn edn rat ldn lao. Khi ong cdn sdng va tdi chi mdi xuat hien d Hot My thuat Qudc gia ma dng lam chu tich, mdt vai ban be va ngudi bao trp cua tdi, trong dd cd ca nii hoang Romania, da cd gang tim each (ma khdng he tham khao y kien cua tdi) dg toi dugc nhan vao studio cua dng. Rodin nhan tdi nhu mdt hgc trd. Song tdi da tu chdi bdi vi dudi bdng cua nhiing cay ldn, chang cd
Cay Cot Vo Tan (The Endless Column hay The Column ofthe Infinite), cao 1.300m, mot trong ba tac pham thuoc to hop dieu khac ctia Constantin Brancusi tai TPTargu Jiu, Romania.
gi cd thg ldn len. Ban be tdi rat buc minh, hp khdng he bigt phan iing cua Rodin. Khi bigt quyet dinh cua tdi, ong ay chi ndi dcm gian: "Vg ca ban thi cau ay dung. Cau ay cung budng binh nhu chinh tdi vay."
Rodin luon giii thai do khigm nhudng doi vdi nghe thuat cua minh. Khi hoan thanh xong tupng Balzac - tac pham, khdng hd nghi gi niia, xdng dang la cot mdc cua digu khac hien dai, ong da tuygn bd, "Dgn bay gid toi mdi muon bat dau lam viec."
Cai dep la cai vo tu tuyet ddi.
Lam ra su vat khdng khd, cai khd la dat minh vao trang thai tinh thiin sfin sang dg lam ra chung.
Khi chung ta khdng cdn la tre tho nira, chung ta da hoan loan chet.
Dung ml.u thi ich gi co chu? Cudi ciing nd chi dan dgn viec tac nen nhiing hi thi ma thoi,
Cac ly thuygt gidng nhu nhung vat mau khdng c6 gia tri. Cai dang kg la hanh dpng.
Due true tiep la con dudng thuc sir dan dgn dieu khac, nhung ciing la con dudng tg hai nhdt ddi vdi nhiing ke cdn khong biet di nhu thg nao. Va cudi cung thi due true tiep hay gian tigp chua lam nen su vat. Ma cai dang kg la su vat dupc lam ra.
Su dcm gian khdng phai la mgt muc dich trong
54 Tia5cn)g •"-AY 20.10.2014
VAN H 6 A
nghe thuat, song nguoi ta dat dgn sir don gian khi cd gang den gan vdi tinh hien thuc cua su vat.
EKmg CO tim nhung cong thtic khd hieu, bi higm trong tac pham cua toi. Nigm vui thuan khigi - day la dieu tdi mang den cho cac ban. Hay ngam nhirng buc tupng cua toi cho den khi ban thay chung, Nhiing gi gan vdi Thuang Dg nhat deu da thSy chiing.
Nhin xa la mpt chuyen, di den dd la chuyen khac.
Co mpt muc tieu trong lai ca su vat. Dg di dgn do, ban phai bd ban nga cua ban ra khdi chinh ban.
Sang tao nhu Thupng De, ddi hdi nhu mot dng vua, lao dpng nhu mdt nd le.
Vinh quang chang them dgm xia tdi ta khi ta chay theo no, nhung khi ta quay lung vdi nd thi luc ay, chinh no se chay theo la.
[1925-1957]
JEAN/HANS ARP (1887-1966)
T^wdc khi trd thdnh thdnh vien cua trdo liru Tien phong Phdp nhirng nam 1920, Arp dd nhiet tinh tham gia trdo luu Dada a cd Dice vd Thuy Si, nai dng tien hdnh tiie nghiem thie my hgc "ngdu nhien" vai nhung tdc phdm cat ddn md chdt lieu Id gidy xe vd nhieng bdi tha dm thanh - nhUng bdi tha chi cd dm thanh thuan tity, triit tieu y nghia, di bieu dgt y do cm minh. Ong gdn bd v&i cdc nghe si Sieu thuc vd sau do Id cdc nhdm hga si trim tugng duac hinh thanh ddu nhirng ndm 1930. NhUng tdc phdm diiu khdc dudng cong hdng da da dem din danh tieng quoc te cho Arp.
Chiing tdi khdng mudn sao chep tu nhien, Chimg toi khong mudn tai tao, chiing toi mudn kien tao Chung toi muon nhu mpt cai cay kgt trai, chung tdi khong mudn tai tag. Chung tdi mudn uuc tigp kien t^o, khong qua bat cit trung gian nao.
Thir ngh? thuat nay khong hg cd mot dau vet nao, dil nho nhat, ciia sir trim htptig nen chiing tdi dat ten cho n6 la ngh§ thuat cu the (concrete art).
Nhung tac pham nghe thual cu the khdng nen gan vdl chu ky ciia nghe sT Nhirng buc hga, nhung buc tupng - nhiing v|t thg nay, cir ngn giir sir vd danh ciia chiing trong studio khdng id ciia lu nhien, nhu may, nhu nui, nhu bien khoi, thu vat. con ngudi.
"iing the! Con ngudi ngn quay ve tu nhign! Nghe si nen lam vifc trong nhiing cpng ddng nhu hg da timg 0 Ihdi Trung c6. Nam 1915, O.van Rees. C.van Rees, [Otto] Freundlich, [Sophie] Tauber va tdi da cd gang ' ^ vifc nhu thg.
Vao nam ay, tdi da viet: "'Nhirng tac pham nay dugc tao nen vdi nhiing dudng net. be mat. hinh thuc, mau sac mudn vupt qua con ngudi. dat den sir vd han va vinh cim. Chung cu tuyet chii nghia duy nga cua chung tdi... Ban tay nhiing ngudi anh em cua tdi, thay vi cd thg hoan ddi cho chinh ban tay ciia chiing tdi, gid da thanh ban tay cua kg thii. Thay cho su vd danh, chung tdi cd danh tieng va danh tac: su thdng thai da chet... Tai tao la md phdng. sam vai. di tren day."
Thdi Phuc hung da tdn vinh ly tri cua con ngudi mdt each tu phu. Thdi hien dai vdi khoa hgc, cdng nghe, con ngudi bi bign thanh nhirng ke hoang tudng tu dai. Su dao Ign tan bao eua Ihdi dai chung ta la he qua tir su tdn sung thai qua ly tri.
Sir den hda eua hgi hga truyen thdng sang nghe thuat cu the, tir Cezanne theo each ciia cac hoa si lap thg, van thudng dupc giai thich va nhirng giai thich mang dnh lich su lam van de trd nen rdi ram han.
Dot nhien, "theo luat ciia su nglu nhien", khoang nam 1914, tri tue con ngudi trai qua mgt su chuyen bien no phai doi mat vdi mgt van de dao due.
Khi toi 16 chdc trien lam lan thd nhat nhimg tac pham dap ndi theo khuynh hudng nghe thual cu the, toi da dua ra mot tuyen ngdn nho, rang nghe thuat tu san duge phep dien rd. Nhat la nhung ngudi dan dng, dan ba trSn trui nay, nhirng tuang tre con bang da hay bang ddng trung bay nai quang trudng, trong nhiing khu vudn, nhimg khoang rimg thua, nhung hinh Urgng nhay miia khdng bigt met, dudi budm, ban ten. hai tao, thdi sao,.. la nhiing bieu hien hoan hao cua mpt thg gidi dien ro. Nhitng hinh tupng dien rd dut khoat khdng lam vay ban tir nhien. Ngay hom nay, cung nhu nhimg ngay dau ciia ky nguyen Thien Chua, cai tSl yeu phai trd thanh cai da duac biet den.
Nghe si can de mac cho tac pham ciia minh tu tao nen chinh nd mdt each true tiep. Horn nay, ta khong cin ban tam dgn nhirng su huyen ao nua, NhuTig tac pham dap ndi va dieu khac ciia tdi vita khit mdt each tu nhign vdi chinh tu nhien. Tuy nhign. khi quan siil gSn han. chung cho thay chiing dupc lam nen lu ban lay con ngudi, vi thg, toi da dat cho mdi sd tac pham ay cai ten: Dd dug'c ldm lie lay nguiri. n
[1942]
AN VAN dich NguSn: Twenlieth - Cenliin- Irlisis au irt.w Dorc Ashinii bien lap. NYiPantheon Books, ! '>S?. Irung 5(1-51.
Ky sau Alberto Giaconietli
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