So chuyin di vi Cong chiing va chiing thuc
CAN Cd QUY DINH VA HUtNG DAN CU THE
M 0 T S ( [ THU TUC CONG CHliNG
LE THI BICH H A N H *
L
uat Cdng chdng dupc ban hanh va cd hieu luc td ngay 1/7/2007 da tao nen mot budc dot pha mdi trong viec cai each thu tuc hanh chinh ndi chung va trong ITnh vuc cdng chdng ndi rieng cua Nha nudc ta. Oac biet, viec ra ddi va hoat dpng cua cac van phdng cdng chdng theo Luat Cdng chdng thdi gian vUa qua da dupc ngudi dan tin tudng, nhiet liet ung hp va danh gia cao. Dieu dd cung cho tha'y chu tofong xa hdi hda hoat dpng cdng chdng cua Oang va Nha nudc ta la hoan toan dung dan va gop phan tich cue vao cdng cupc cai each thii tuc hanh chinh cua chung ta hien nayLuat Cdng chdng ra ddi da lam giam tai va cai each thu tuc hanh chfnh theo hudng nhanh chdng, thuan ldi cho ngudi dan khi di cdng chdng, Tuy nhien, ben canh nhung mat thuan ldi, thi vin cdn khdng it nhung bai cap ton tai va gay nhieu khd khan can trd cho cac td chdc hanh nghe cdng chdng cung nhu ngudi dan khi di cdng chdng. Trong pham vi bai nay, chung tdi xin trinh bay mdt sd vudng mac, bai cap phd bien lien quan de'n thu tuc cdng chufng nhu sau:
1. Quy djnh ve giay td can xuat trinh khi lam thu tuc cdng chdng hdp dong, van ban
/. /. Quy M vegiay ^ tuy than
Ve giay td tuy than, theo quy ^nh tai diem c, khoan 1, Oieu 35 Luat Cdng chdng thi ngudi yeu cau cdng chdng phai nop mot bd ho sd yeu cau cdng chdng trong do cd ban sao giay td tiiy than. Tuy nhien, Luat Cdng chdng cung nhu cac van ban hudng dan thi hanh hien nay chua cd quy djnh cu the nao ve giay td tuy than. Thuc te, tai Van phdng chung tdi, giay td tuy than dupc chap nhan chi la chdng minh nhan dan, chdng minh sTquan, quan dpi, hp chieu din den chung chung tdi gap vudng mac khi ngudi yeu cau cdng chdng khdng cd mot trong cac loai gia'y td nay vi bj mat hoac cd nhung bj rach, nat khdng the nhan
dang hoac dpc dupc. Thay vao dd la giay phep lai xe, the dang vien, the sinh vien, gia'y xac nhan cua cdng an dia phuang hoac mot sd giay td thay the khac. Thdng thudng, de cho 'chac an"
thi chung chung tdi tu ehdi cdng chdng vi ly do ho so khdng hdp le, sau khi da yeu cau hp bd sung ho sd, nhung hp khdng dap dng dupc, mac du biei rang viec td chd'i nhu vay se anh hudng rai Idn den nhu cau giao djch cua ngudi dan.
Oe khac phuc tinh trang tren, chung tdi de xuai can cd van ban hudng dan cu the ve gia'y td tuy than trong bp ho sd yeu cau cdng chdng. Theo dd, gia'y td tuy than cd the la mdt trong cac giay td sau:
- Gia'y chifng minh nhan dan;
- Gia'y chdng minh sTquan/ chdng minh quan dpi;
- Hp chieu;
- Ne'u khdng cd mdt trong cac loai gia'y td tren thi co the thay the bang gia'y xac nhan cd dan anh ddng dau giap lai cua cdng an dia phuang, nai cd hp khau thudng tru cua ngudi do ve hp ten, ngay thang nam sinh, hp khau thudng tru, sd chdng minh nhan dan/ hp chieu cua ngudi do;
- Odi vdi trudng hpp chdng minh nhan dan, hd chieu hei han, thi van chap nhan va yeu cau ngudi ngudi dd viei ban cam kei xin cap lai chdng minh nhan dan, hd chieu mdi.
1.2. Quy dinh vegiay chimg tir, giay ithai sinh, sgyeullljch Theo quy djnh tai diem c, khoan 1 Oieu 1 Muc II Thdng tu lien tjch so 04/2006/nLT/BTP-BTNMT cue Bp Tu phap va Bd Tai nguyen - Mdi trudng hudng din viec cdng chdng, chdng thuc hop ddng, van ban Ihuc hien quyen cua ngudi sd dung dai thi: Hd sa yeu cau cdng chdng phai xuat trinh ban sao gia'y chdng tu cua ngudi de lai-di san, giay td chdng minh quan he giUa ngudi de lai di san va ngudi dupc hudng di san, neu la ngudi dupc hudng di san theo phap luat.
* Van phong Cong chimg Ho Guam
Ddn chu & Phdp ludt
So chuyin di vi Cdng chiing va chiing thuc
Qua thuc tien ap dung, chung tdi thay cung cd khd khan, he vp chong thi co the khong nhat thiet phai can den giay dang nhu ddi vdi giay chdng td cDa ngudi de lai dl san. Khong phai ky ket hon ky ket hdn; hoac co the thay the bang giay xac nhan trudng hpp nao cung cd the cd giay chdng td dupc do ngudi de la vp chong ciia Uy ban nhan dSn xa, phudng noi dang ky ho lai di san da chet td qua lau td nhung nam 1945 hoac lau hon, khau thudng tni cua hp.
trai qua chien tranh, thay ddi hoan canh sdng, mat mat, that lac 1.4. Vecjuydmhngplaiban i^inhttmgtnf^h^hiiytio giay td, va nhung trudng hpp nay cung khdng cd co quan nao hep daig, giao djch
xac minh dupc gay rai nhieu khd khan cho ngudi dan, dac biet Ddi vdi cac hpp dong da dupc cdng chdng, khi cac chij the khi thuc hien cac thu tuc lien quan den thda ke. tham gia giao ket hpp dong mudn hijy bo hop dong thi phai nop.
Ddi vdi giay td chdng minh quan he giffa ngudi de lai di san lai cac ban chinh cda hpp ddng cdng chdng da ky. Tuy nhien, va ngudi dupc hudng di san, thudng sd dung la giay khai sinh, trong nhieu trudng hpp, chii the khong the cung cap day dO cac so yeu If lich. Van de dat ra la khdng phai ai cung cd giay khai ban chfnh cua hpp ddng cdng chiimg do bj mat, that lac va trong sinh, ma cd the bj mai, bj that lac do tudi cao... Sd yeu If Ijch cd trudng hpp nay lieu cd the cho hiiy bd hpp dong, giao dich hay gia trj chung minh quan he gida nhdng ngudi thda ke, nhung khdng? Do cung la m5t van de can quan tam.
thuc te hien nay ban sa yeu ly Ijch thudng chi dupc cac phudng Theo chung tdi, trong nhdng tnfdng hpp nay nen cho phep xac nhan thdng tin ve hp khau thudng tni hoac chdng thuc chd huy bo hpp ddng giao djch va yeu cau ngudi yeu cau cdng ky chd khdng xac nhan npi dung cua ban sa yeu ly Ijch do, nen chdng viet cam ket v6 viec da mat hpp dong giao dich va khong cung gay khd khan cho viec xac dinh mdi quan he ghi trong ban sd dijng hpp dong da ky vao cac muc dfch trai phap luat.
sa yeu ly Ijch co dung hay khdng. 2. Cac quy djnh ve trinh tiT thO tuc cong chilhg help Vi vay can cd van ban hudng din cu the ve viec giai quyet dong, van ban
nhdng trudng hpp tren. Thed quy djnh tai khoan 6 Dieu 35 va khoan 3 Dieu 36 ciia 1.3. Vegiay dang ky ket hon Luat Cong chdng thi ngudi yeu cau cdng chdng phai ky vao tiing Cac giay td chdng minh quan he hon nhan sd dung trong trang dda hpp ddng, giao djch. Tren thuc te van ban cdng chiing ho sa cdng chdng thudng la giay dang ky ket hdn, giay xac thudng dai (nhat la cac hpp ddng the chap) do vay viec ky vao nhan tinh trang hdn nhan. Tuy nhien, thuc te khdng phai ai cung tdng trang se mat rat nhieu thdi gian, dac biet ddi vdi trudng hop xuat trinh dupc giay dang ky ket hdn, do bj mat hoac nhieu chu the tham gia hpp dong giao djch da gia, yeu. Ve quy (Jnh trudng hpp chung sdng vdi nhau nhu vp chdng trudc ngay nay chung tdi de xuaichi nen ky vao tdng trang noi dung, con 03/01/1987. Theo hudng dan cua Nghj quyet sd 35/2000/QH10 trang bia (neu cd) va trang Idi chdng thi khdng can ky.
ngay 09/6/2000 cua Qudc hpi ve viec thi hanh Luat Hdn nhan 3. Cac quy djnh ve yeu cau dieu kien de dUOc cong va gia dinh vin dupc coi la vp chong hpp phap tfnh td thdi diem chdhg hpp dong, giao djch
chung sdng nhung khi xin xac nhan cua phudng xa thi khong Hien nay, cac quy djnh ve dieu kien de dupc cong chiimg dupc xac nhan hoac co xac nhan thi cung khdng xac nhan quan hpp ddng, giao dich cung gdy nhieu khd khan cho viec thi/c he vp chdng td thdi diem chung sdng gay vudng mac khd khan hien cdng chdng:
trong qua trinh cdng chdng. Mot sd tardng hpp giay xac nhan Chung tdi xin don cd tafdng hpp dien hinh ve viec cung cap tinh trang hdn nhan chi dupc xac nhan trong khoang thdi gian giay xac nhan tinh trang hon nhan cho mot ngudi doo than di cu tru tai dja phuang, cdn thdi gian cu tai d dja phuang khac thi lam thii tuc cong chdng hpp ddng, giao dich. Neu ca nhan d6 khdng xin dupc xac nhan do ngudi do khdng cdn hp khau cu tnj qua nhieu dja phuong khac nhau, thi bat budc phai xin thudng tru d dja phuang dd. xac nhan dpc than cua tdng dja phuang tfnh td thdi diem xac lap Ve van de nay theo chiing tdi, neu giay chdng nhan quyen quyen sd hffu/quyen sd duiig tai san. Khdng phai dja phuang sd hdu/quyen sd dung tai san hoac sd hp khau cd ghi rd quan nao cung sin sang hpp tac xac nhan cho su viec nay khien cho
Ddn ChO & Phdp ludt
So chuyin di vi Cong chiing va chiing thUc
ngudi dan phai di lai nhieu lan, mat nhieu thdi gian, chi phi tdn kem ma vin khdng dupc viec. Nen chang trong trudng hpp nay chi can yeu cau xin xac nhan tai dja phuang dang cu tru. Cdn phan cu tru d dja phuang trudc do co the yeu cau ngudi yeu cau hp viei cam doan ve viec chua ket hdn de gian tien thti tuc cdng chdng.
4. Cac quy djnh ve xac dinh chu the tham gia hpp dong Ve viec xac djnh chu the tham gia hop dong cdng chdng, giao djch cung trong pham vi bai nay chi xin dua ra y kie'n ddi vdi trudng hpp chu the tham gia hop dong la hd gia dinh - chu the thudng gay vudng mac nhai trong qua trinh cdng chdng.
Bp luat Dan su nam 2005 khdng cd dieu luat nao djnh nghia ve hp gia dinh ma chi dua ra cac dieu kien de hd gia dinh dupc coi la chu the cua quan he phap luat dan su. Oieu 106 Bp luat Dan su nam 2005 quy dinh: "Hp gia dinh ma cac thanh vien cd tai san chung, cung ddng gdp cdng sdc de hoat dpng kinh te chung trong san xuai ndng, lam, ngu nghiep hoac mot sd linh vuc san xuai, kinh doanh khac do phap luat quy djnh la chu the khi tham gia quan he dan su thupc cac Hnh vuc nay".
Tren thuc te, hp gia dinh van tham gia vao cac quan he phap luat dan su khac khdng chi trcng Iinh vuc san xuai ndng, lam, ngu nghiep.
Van de dat ra la viec xac djnh cac thanh vien nao trong hp gia dinh dupc tham gia xac lap hpp dong giao djch?
Hien nay trong qua trinh thuc hien cdng chdng tai Van phdng Cdng chdng Hd Guam, thanh vien hd gia dinh dupc xac dinh chu ye'u dua tren quan he huyet thdng, nudi dudng va hdn nhan. Gia'y td lam can cd de xac djnh la sd hd khau cap cho hp gia dinh va thdi diem cap gia'y chdng nhan quyen sd hdu/quyen sd dung tai san cua hd. Vi du: Oe xac djnh cac thanh vien cd dii nang luc chu the tham gia ky kei hop dong the chap quyen sd dung dai, se phai can cd vao 2 ye'u td chinh la thdi diem cap sd hp khau va thdi diem cap gia'y chdng nhan quyen su dung dai.
- Trudng hpp gia'y chdng nhan quyen sd dung dai cap trudc khi cd sd hd khau thi viec xac djnh cac thanh vien can cd vao xac nhan nhan khau tai thdi diem cap gia'y chdng nhan cua ca quan cd tham quyen.
- Trudng hpp gia'y chdng nhan quyen sd dung dai cap sau khi cd sd hp khau, viec xac dinh cac thanh vien trong ho gia
dinh can cd vao sd hd khau. Tai ca cac thanh vien co ten trong sd hp khau td du 15 tudi trd len tfnh den thdi diem xac lap giao djch deu dupc tham gia ky ket hop dong.
Van de dat ra la cac thanh vien nhap vao sau thdi diem cap sd hp khau cd dupc tham gia ky kei hpp dong giao djch khdng?
Cac thanh vien nhap nhd hp khau dung vao thdi diem cap gia'y chdng nhan quyen sd hifu/quyen sd dung tai san giai quyei nhu the nao? Mot trong sd cac thanh vien trong hp gia dinh xac lap quan he hdn nhan thi ngudi vp/ngudi chcng co dupc tham gia ky kei cac hop dong giao djch khdng?
Chung tdi co y kien nhu sau:
Thir nhat: Can ban hanh cac van ban hudng dan thi hanh cu the ve viec xac djnh cac thanh vien trong hp gia dinh de dam bao su thd'ng nhai gida co quan cdng chdng vdi cac ca quan nha nudc cd tham quyen khac ve viec xac djnh cac thanh vien trong hp gia dinh.
Thi^hai: Can cd chu yeu vao thdi diem cap sd hp khau cho hp gia dinh va thdi diem cap gia'y chdng nhan quyen sd huu/quyen sd dung tai san, each xac djnh gid'ng nhu vi du tren.
TtiLt ba: Cac thanh vien nhap khau vao sau thdi diem cap gia'y chdng nhan quyen sd hOu/quyen sd dung tai san hoac nhap nhd khdng tham gia ky ket hpp dong giao djch do tinh den yeu td ve cdng sdc ddng gdp fa khdng cd.
5. Cac quy dinh ve cd che phdi hpp glGfa cac cd quan de trao doi thong tin ve tai san, chii the tham gia hdp dong cung nhu phdi hpp trong giai quyei cong chdng
Hien nay tren dja ban thanh phd Ha Ndi chua cd co che phd'i hop gida cac ca quan de trao ddi thdng tin ve tai san, chu the tham gia hop dong cung nhu phd'i hpp trong giai quyei cdng chdng, nen thudng di§n ra mdt so tinh trang sau:
ThdnhahDo chua cd he thd'ng kiem soat thdng tin chung ve tai san, chu the tham gia hpp dong trong he thd'ng cdng chdng tren toan thanh phd nen mdt tai san co the la dd'i tupng thuc hien nhieu giao djch khac nhau. Vi du: Mot tai san vUa xac lap hop dong uy quyen d Phdng Cdng chdng A, nhung lai sang Van phdng Cdng chdng B xac lap hpp dong chuyen nhupng.
TM ha/: Chua co su phdi hop dong bp giUa cac ca quan trong viec giai quyei cdng chdng.
(Xem lie'p truiii" 32)
Ddn chu & Phdp ludt
Sd'chuyin di vi Cong chiing va chiing thuc
them phf" nhu hien nay
Cdng tae ehdng thue ban sao td ban chinh tai mdt sd Uy ban nhan dan phudng thudc dja ban thanh phd Ha Ndi thuc te ehua dap dng kjp thdi nhanh chdng nhu cau cda ngudi dan va doanh nghiep, do sd tupng hd so can chdng thue vupt qua kha nang ehdng thuc tai mdt Uy ban nhan dan phudng chi ed hai can bd lam edng tae ehdng thue, ben canh do cd sd vat chat, tru sd lam viee chat ehdi, gay khdng it khd khan eho viee ehdng thue. Co quan ed tham quyen can tUng budc bd tri them can bd tai uy ban nhan dan phudng, md them phdng tiep nhan hd sd thudc cac Uy ban nhan dan phudng, xa.
Can cd su lien he chat ehe gida eae van phdng cdng chdng va mdt sd eo quan nha nude de dam bao giai quyei cae thd tue hanh ehinh ddn gian, nhanh chdng hdn. Viee ap dung ed ehe lien thdng hien nay khdng phai la van de khd khan vi kha nang va trinh dp ky thuat edng nghe thdng tin da phat trien tUdng ddi tdi tai Viet Nam.
Ben canh dd, eae van phdng edng ehdng can thd'ng nhai ve thu tue, m i u hpp ddng, hd sd dupc phep cdng chdng, nham giam phien ha eho eac ngan hang va doanh nghiep khi thuc hien cdng chdng hpp ddng tai eae v§n
phdng edng chdng khac nhau.
Mdt each tdng quat cd the ndi, hoat ddng cdng chdng, chdng thuc tai Viet Nam hien nay da cd nhung thay ddi lich cue ke td khi Luat Cdng chdng nam 2006 va Nghj dinh sd 79/2007/NO-CP dupe ap dung rdng rai tren toan qudc, dac biet la tai cae dd thi Idn nhu Ha Ndi, TP Hd Chi Minh, Hal Phdng, Da Ning,... Tuy nhien, d nhufng dia ban khac nhau v i n cdn cd quy djnh ve phi, thd tuc cdng ehdng khac nhau, din tdi nhdng bieu hien canh tranh khdng lanh manh, khdng thd'ng nhat ve thd tuc hanh chi'nh tai cac vSn phdng edng chdng t u Mdc le phi chdng thue tai cac uy ban nhan dan cap xa ed trudng hpp eao hdn so vdi quy dinh, nhung khdng dupc kiem soat, thai dp lam viec cda nhan vien nhieu noi td ra thd d, khdng nhiet tinh. Vi vay de day nhanh tien dp cai each thd tuc hanh chinh dac biet trong linh vifc edng chdng can cd bien phap quan ly chat ehe hoat dpng eda cac van phdng cdng chdng, cd quan ehdng thuc, cung nhu de cao trach nhiem cda cdng chdng vien. Ben canh dd, don gian hda thd tuc hanh chinh ve cdng chdng, ap dung edng nghe thdng tin trong hoat ddng cdng chdng cung se gdp phan lam giam phien ha va ehi phi cho ngudi dan va doanh nghiep di cdng chdng •
C(Sn Gd quy djnh v i hifdng din,
(Tiep theo trang 25)Vi du dan gian nhu: Khi thuc hien niem yei cdng khai viec khai nhan di san thUa ke tai Uy ban nhan dan xa (phudng) nai thudng tru cudi cung cua ngudi chei hoac tai nai tea lac bai dpng san, thdng tin can xac nhan la mdi quan he giua ngudi nhdng ngudi khai thda ke la dung su that nhung Uy ban nhan dan xa (phudng) thudng chi xac nhan dja chi thudng tru hoac chdng thuc chu ky.
Oieu nay gay nhieu kho khan cho viec xac djnh quan he giua cac thda ke khi thuc hien thu tuc cdng chdng van ban thoa thuan phan chia di san thda ke hoac van ban khai nhan di san thda ke.
Oe Luat Cdng chdng phat huy hieu qua trong ddi sdng xa hpi, chung tdi xin cd y kie'n de xuai nhu sau:
Mgt la, can phai co he thdng thdng tin chung cho cac td chdc hanh nghe cdng chdng cap nhat bang mang dien tijf de quan ly thdng tin ve tai san, chu the tham gia hpp dong, co the cap cho mdi cdng chdng vien mdt ma sd rieng de tien tra cdu thdng tin khi cd hpp ddng giao dich dupc xac lap.
Hai la, can xuc tien thanh lap Hiep hdi Cdng chdng Ha Npi, de tie'n tdi lap hiep hpi tren pham vi toan qudc nham lien ket cac td chdc hanh nghe cdng chdng de cac td chdc hanh nghe cdng chdng cd the thdng tin lien lac va hd trp nhau, nhai la viec kiem tra thdng tin nham dam bao cho hpp ddng, giao djch khong bi triing lap. Them vao dd, chia se thdng tin cung giup ngan chan dupc cac hanh vi sai pham nhu mdt hpp ddng lai dupc thi/c hien giao djch d hai nai khac nhau •
