KINH TE
CO CAU LAI KINH TE NONG NGHIEP TREN DIA BAN THANH PHO HA NOI:
NH0NG NOI DUNG CAN TAP TRUNG D O T PHA
• D 6 HUY HA - BUI TIEN PHUC
T 6 M TAT:
Xdc dinh dffdc ddng diem nghen can trd sff phat trien ndng nghi6p de tdp trung dot pha trong qud tnnh cd cd^u la yeu cau cap thiet, nham thiic day nong nghiep cua thanh phd'Ha Noi theo hffdng hien dai, ndng cao gid iri gia tdng vd phdt tri^n hin vffng. Bang phffdng phap tho'ng k6, phdn tich va tdng hdp, bai viet danh gia khai quat ket qua dat dffdc cua n6ng nghiep dat dffdc sau 5 nam thffc hi^n di dn tdi cd cCu n6ng nghiep. Tff do, tac gia de xud't nhffng n6i dung md cd'p uy, chinh quyen Thanh pho' Ha Noi can tap trung ddt phd trong thdi gian idi.
Tiif khoa: Kinh le nong nghiep, tdi cd cau, nong nghiep, Thanh pho Ha Noi.
1. Dat va'n d^
Trong phdt trien kinh ti, nong nghiep Ha Npi tuy chie'm ly trong nh6, nhffng chie'm vi tri quan trpng trong vide cung cd'p nong san dap ffng nhu cau da dang, phong phii vd ngay cdng tang cua nhan dan Thu do; lao viec lam, canh quan, gop phan giff gin moi trffdng sinh thdi, de Ha Npi lr6 thanh Thanh pho' xanh, hoa binh. Vdi muc tieu xdy dffng nganh Nong nghiep co cd cau hdp ly, chd't Iffdng, hieu qua, phat buy dffdc Idi the so sanh cua Thanh pho, trffdc nhffng tac dpng ciia qua trinh do thi hda vd sff phdi irien manh me cua cupc cdch mang khoa hoc, cong nghe; cd'p uy, chinh quyen cac ca'p ciia Thanh pho' Hd Npi da tich cffc trien khai vd thffc hien de an Tai cd cd'u nong nghiep Thdnh pho' Ha Noi theo hffdng ndng cao gid tri gia tang va phat trien ben vffng.
2. K^'t qua dat dtiifc
Qua 5 nam trien khai thffc hien de an, mac dii sdn xua't nong nghidp con nhi^u khd khan, thach thffc, nhffng nong nghiep ciia Thanh pho vdn dat dffdc nhffng ke't qud quan trpng, tffng bffdc chuyen dich theo dung hffdng. Theo bao cdo cua Uy ban
nhan dan Thanh pho, tdng gia tri san xuat nong, 1dm, thuy san nam 2018 dat 35.959 ly dong (gid so sanh nam 2010) tang so vdi nam 2014 la 13,08%
va dat 43.510 ly dong (gid ihffc le), tang 16,5% so vdi nam 2014. Gid tri gia tang nganh Nong nghiep giai doan 2014 - 2018 lang binh qudn 2,32%; lang trffdng gid tri san xud't nong, lam, thiiy san la 3,35%; trong do: trong trpt Id 2,4%, chdn nuoi 4%, thuy san tang 6,06%. Cd cau san xud't nong nghiep da chuyen dich theo hffdng lich cffc, da hinh thanh nhieu vung san xua't nong nghiep tdp trung mang lai hieu qua kinh te'cao nhff, viing liia chat Iffdng cao, vdng cdy an qua, viing trong hoa cay canh, vung chan nuoi tap trung xa khu ddn cff, vung nuoi trong thuy san. Cu the: thffc hien day manh cong tdc chuyen doi dd't lua kem hieu qua sang cac cdy trong khac cho hieu qua kinh te' cao hdn, gia tri tang tff 3 - 8 Ian so vdi trong lua; xdy dffng 101 viing san xud't rau an toan lap trung, quy mo tff 20 ha trd len cho gia tri san xua't tff 400 - 500 trieu dong/ha/ndm; phdt trien 50 vilng san xua't hoa, cay canh 20 ha/vung cho gid tri 0,5 - 1,5 ty dong/ha/nam... Ngoai ra, tren dia ban thanh pho'
So 1 ^ Thang 1/2019 47
TAP CHi CiNG IHIflNC
da xdy dffng dffdc 15 viing chan nuoi tap trung quy mo Idn ngodi khu dan cff dat gia tri tff 1 - 2 ty dong/ha/nam; xdy dffng dffdc 12 nhdn hieu tap the cho cac san pham nong nghiep... Cung vdi dd, ddi song vat chat va tinh than ciia ngffdi dan khong ngffng dffdc ndng cao, thu nhdp cua ngffdi dan khu vffc ndng thdn dat tren 38 trieu dong/ngffdi/nam, tang 58,3% so vdi nam 2014.
Tuy nhien, ben canh ke't qua dat dffdc, thffc hi6n cd cd'u lai kinh te ndng nghiep thdi gian qua con mpt so ion tai, ban che, nhff: chuyen dich cd cd'u kinh te nong nghiep da co nhieu tien bg nhffng cdn chdm, chffa ro net, chffa xffng vdi tiem nang, Idi the cua Thu dd. San xud't nong nghiep vdn cdn nhd le, manh mun, chffa hinh thanh dffdc cac vung san xua't tdp trung thffc sff mang tinh chd't sdn xua't hang boa mui nhpn. Viec thu hiit dau tff vao nong nghiep cdn thap, cac chudi lien ke't tff sdn xud't dd'n lieu thu sdn ph£m mdi phdt trien; kinh ti hd nhd le con chie'm ty le cao, trong khi doanh nghiep, hdp tac xa ndng nghiep sd Iffdng it, quy md nhd, hieu qua boat dong cdn nhieu han che; boat ddng san xua't cua ngffdi ndng ddn thdng qua cac hdp tdc xa, to hdp tdc cdn it. Viec lieu thu ndng san vdn phan Idn thdng qua cac tidu thffdng, tieu thu thdng qua hdp dong so' Iffdng ban che; ddi sd'ng va thu nhdp cua mot bo phdn ndng dan nhieu ndi cdn khd khan.
3. Dtfi tUdng va n$i dung ddt pha Mot Id, CO cd'u lai vd'n dau tu cho kinh te ndng nghiep
Ddy la ndi dung cd y nghTa h^t sffc quan trpng, trong dieu kien nhffng nam qua thanh phd' Hd Ndi ddu tff vao kinh te ndng nghiep cdn rat thd'p, trong khi do ngan sdch nha nffdc van chid'm ty trong Idn, cdcd'u dau tff ba't hdp ly, dan trai, keo ddi. Dodd, thdi gian tdi, cdn tap trung chuyen iff ddu Iff dan trdi sang ddu Iff vdo nhffng nganh cd the' manh nhff, giam dau tff cho trong irpt, tang dau tff cho chdn nudi va nudi trong thiiy san; gidm ty trpng dan iff cho thiiy Idi, tdng dau tff cho khuye'n ndng. Tap trung ffu tidn vd'n cho cac chffdng trinh, dff an ve chon tao, nhdn gid'ng cay h-ong, vdt nudi, phong chd'ng dich benh, dam bao an todn thffc pham, nghien cffu va chuyen giao khoa hpc ky Ihudi, ddo lao nguon nhan Iffc; tap trung vd'n dau Iff cho cdc chffdng trinh, dff an cd kha nang sdm hodn thdnh.
Tang dau tff vao san xud't ndng nghiep ffng dung cdng nghe cao. L/u tien vdn hd trd hinh thdnh vilng sdn xua't ndng nghidp tap trung dp dung quy tnnh
ky thudt lien tie'n, gan vdi Hen ke't lieu thu sdn pham. Hd trd hinh thanh mdi cac doanh nghiep, cdc hdp tdc xa ndng nghiep va td chffe lai cdc hdp tac xa ndng nghiep hien cd phu hdp vdi ludt hdp tac xa nam 2012. Dong thdi, Iffa chpn cac dff an CO khd ndng thu hoi vd'n de xa hdi hda ngu6n vdn dau tff, tang ty trong vd'n dau tff tin dung, vd'n cua cdc cd nhdn, tap thd, vd'n dau tff trffc tid'p nffdc ngodi, ke ca hinh thffc hdp tac cdng tff (PPP) diu tff vdo KTNN, giam dan ty trpng vd'n dau tff tiJf ngan sach Nhd nffdc trong tdng vd'n ddu iff ciia nganh. Vd'n ngdn sdch nha nffdc tap trung dau tff cho cdc nhidm vu ca^p bach, nhiem vu chie'n Iffdc cua ngdnh va cac dff an khdng cd kha nang thu hoi vd'n; dau tff phdt tridn ha tdng d cdc vilng cd nhieu khd khan dd hi trd xda ddi, giam ngheo, nang cao dieu kidn sd'ng cho dan cff; hd trd dd'i vdi cdc doanh nghiep, hdp tac xa, trang trai, cdc ITnh vffc ndng nghiep cdng nghd cao, cdng nghd sach, cdc vilng sdn xud't tap trung quy md Idn.
Hai Id, ca cau tai ddt dai trong kinh ti' ndng nghiip
Trffdc thffc trang thdnh phd' Hd Ndi cd tdc dp dd thi hda, cdng nghidp hda didn ra manh me, 1dm cho dien lich dd't ndng nghiep ngay cdng giam, binh qudn rudng dd't dau ngffdi hidn da rd't thd'p, phan bd'Iai manh mun, nhd le, da lam can trd viec cd gidi hda vao san xud't ndng nghiep; chffa ffu lien da't dai cho c^c ITnh vffc, cac sdn phd'm cd the manh. Vide tich tu dat dai de hinh thanh cac vung san xua't hdng hda tap trung vdn chffa cd chinh sach cu the, kha thi. Do dd, ihdi gian tdi cdn thffc hien giam didn tich da't dai cho trdng trpt, tdng dien tich dat dai cho chan nudi, nudi trong thiiy san; chuydn doi dd't lua, mau cd hidu qua kinh td thd'p sang trong cdc loai cay cd gid tri kinh te' cao hdn nhff trong rau, cdy cdnh, hoa, trong cdy an qud, nudi trdng thiiy san; tang didn tfch cdy trong vdi cdc gid'ng cay cd gid tri kinh id' cao, gidm dien lich chan nudi nho le, gay 6 nhidm, xen Idn khu dan cff; thffc hien chuydn ddi dd't lua vung ung irQng sang nudi trong thuy san, vung cao khd khdn vd nffdc tffdi sang rau, mau, hoa, cdy canh... cd gia tri kinh te cao; tang nhanh didn tich san xua't ndng nghidp ffng dung cdng nghe cao, CDng vdi do, cd cd'u lai da't dai theo hffdng tich tu, tap trung dat dai giup tang didn tich tren mdt thffa rudng, tao thudn Idi de hinh thanh cdc vilng san xua't hang hda chuyen canh, ffng dung cdng nghe cao, quy md Idn
48 So 1 -Thang 1/2019
KINH TE
de tang nang sud't, cha't Iffdng hang hda ndng san.
Do dd, cIn md rdng quy md da't dai cho kinh te' hd gia dmh len md hinh kinh te' trang trai; md rpng quy md dd't dai Idn, hidn dai cua md hinh hdp tac xa vd doanh nghiep ndng nghidp, nhdm khac phuc tinh trang san xud't manh miin, nho le nhff hien nay.
Ba Id. ca cd'u lai trinh do ky thuat trong nong nghiip.
Day la mpt trong nhffng ndi dung giff vi tri quan trpng, trong dieu kien thanh phd' Hd Ndi hidn nay mffc dp dp dung cdc ky thudt tien tie'n vdo san xud't ndng nghiep van cdn rd't thap, chffa chii trpng vdo nghidn cffu, ffng dung d cdc khdu lam gia tang gia tri ndng sdn. Chinh vi vay, can tap trung vao cd cd'u lai loai hinh cdng nghe theo hffdng, giam cac loai cdng nghe thu cdng truyen thd'ng, ffu tidn cho cdng nghe cao, cdng nghe sach, cdng nghd sinh hoc.
Ve ITnh vffc dp dung cdng nghd d td't cd cdc khau ciia qua trinh san xud't. Cu the: trong lai lao gid'ng dd tao ra cac cdy trong, vdt nudi cd cac dac tinh ndng sinh hpc ffu vidt, cd chd't Iffdng cao, sach sau benh, phii hpp vdi ydu cau ciia thi trffdng. Gia tang cac phffdng phap, quy trinh ky thuat mdi trong nudi, trdng, phdng trff dich benh, che' bid'n, bdo quan ndng sdn nham tao ra sff dot phd ve nang sud't, cha't Iffdng, hieu qua trong san xua't. Gia tang cac loai cdng cu, phffdng tidn lao ddng mdi (mdy ndng nghiep, hda chd't, chd'phd'm sinh hoc dilng trong sdn xud't, chd'bid'n, bdo quan ndng san, xff ly d nhilm mdi trffdng ndng nghiep, ndng thdn. Thffc hidn cd gidi hda dong bd, tff khau lam dd't, gieo trong, cham sdc, thu hoach dd'n khau che'bie'n tieu thu san phd'm. Phdt tridn, cdc md hinh mdi trong san xud't, kinh doanh ndng nghiep dem lai hidu qua kinh td' - xd hdi cao dap ffng vdi ydu cau cua cd cd'u lai KTNN.
Bdn la, cacdu lai lUc luang lao ddng trong ndng nghiep.
Trffdc thffc trang cd cd'u lao ddng trong ITnh vffc ndng nghidp cua thanh phd' Ha Ndi mat can dd'i nghidm trpng, Iffc Iffdng lao ddng ddng nhffng khdng manh, lao dpng tre cd xu hffdng thodt ly ndng nghidp ngay cdng gia tdng, chd't Iffdng lao dpng chffa ddp ffng dffdc ydu cau phat tridn ndng nghiep trong bdi cdnh hien nay, lao ddng lam vide d nhffng nganh nhff trong lua cdn chie'm ty h-png Idn. Vl vdy, thffc hien cd cau lai lao dpng ndng nghiep theo hffdng, gidm ty trpng lao ddng ndng
nghidp de chuyen sang cdc ngdnh nghd phi ndng nghidp; gidm ty trpng lao dong phd thdng, tang ty trpng lao ddng qua dao tao, nhd't la lao ddng cd bang dai hpc, cao dang, lao dpng khoa hpc ky ihudt; tang ty trpng lao ddng trong nganh Chan nudi, Thiiy san, giam ty trpng lao dpng trong trong trpt, cdn trong nganh Trdng trpt giam ty trpng lao dpng h-ong nganh Trdng lua, tang ty trong lao dpng trdng cdy cdng nghidp.
Ndm Id, cd'u lai cdc hinh thiic td chiic sdn xud't trong ndng nghiip.
Vdi dac diem san xud't ndng nghiep thanh phd' Hd Ndi hidn nay chu yd'u la cac ndng hd nho le, san xua't manh mum, quy md nhd, mang lai hieu qua tha'p va khdng cdn phu hdp irong dieu kien didn ra cdng nghiep hda, do thi hda manh, Iffc Iffdng lao ddng da rut ra khdi nganh Ndng nghiep vdi sd' Iffdng dang kd; kinh td' trang trai, kinh te' tdp thd vdi ndng cd'l la hdp lac xa cd xu hffdng phat irien, nhffng cham ddi mdi, hidu qud kinh id' chffa cao; sd Iffdng cdc doanh nghiep ndng nghiep cdn ban chd', quy md san xua't vffa va nho la phd bie'n. Do do thffc hien cd cau lai can tap trung tang nhanh sd' Iffdng vd chd't Iffdng cdc tdc nhdn sau: giam sd' Iffdng cac hd san xud't nhd le, tang sd' Iffdng va cha't Iffdng cac trang trai, gia trai san xud't quy md Idn cd quan tri chuyen nghiep vd hidn dai. Thiic dd'y sff gia tang ve sd' vd chd't Iffdng cdc hdp tac xa san xua't ndng nghidp kieu mdi, tren cd sd lien ke't, hdp tac tff nguyen giffa cdc hd, irang trai, doanh nghiep bdng nhieu hinh thffc quy md. Gia tang cdc loai hinh doanh nghiep ndng nghiep, cum lien kd't san xud't cdng, ndng nghidp, nhd't la cac doanh nghidp chd' bid'n ndng, 1dm, thiiy sdn, sff dung nguyen lieu vd thu hiit nhieu lao ddng ndng nghiep tai chd, doanh nghiep dich vu vat tff, tieu thu ndng, lam, thiiy san cho ndng dan. Da'y manh cdc hinh thffc Hen kd't, hdp tdc kinh te giffa kinh le'hd ndng ddn vdi cdc thanh phan kinh te' khac theo chudi gia tri, chudi cung ffng san phd'm, tren cd sd hdp ddng kinh te' va bdo dam hdi hoa Idi ich nhff: lien ke't giffa ndng dan vdi nhau, ndng ddn vdi cdc hiep hpi nganh hang, vdi doanh nghiep, ndng ddn vdi thi trffdng ban budn, bdn le... Trong dd, chu trpng md hinh Hen ke't "Bd'n nha" theo chudi gid tri, chudi cung ffng san phd'm ndng nghidp hang hda, nham tang cffdng nang Iffc canh tranh cho cdc chii the, dap ffng nhu cau ciia thi trffdng •
Sol -Thang 1/2019 49
TAP CHi CONG THI/tfNG
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1 Ban Chi dao Chuang trinh sd02-CTr/TU cua Thdnh uy Hd Noi (2018) Hdi nghi trien khai nhiem vu cdng tdc trong tdm ndm 2018 ve "Phdt trien ndng nghiep, xdy dUng ndng thdn mdi, ndng cao ddi sd'ng ndng ddn giai doan 2016-2020". ngdy 05/01/2018.
2. Thdnh uy Hd Ndi (2016). Chuong trinh sd02-CTr/TU, ngdy 26/04/2016 ve phdt trien nong nghiep, xdy dung ndng thdn mdi, ndng cao ddi sd'ng ndng ddn giai doan 2016-2020.
3. Sd Ndng nghiep va Phdt tnen ndng thdn Hd Noi (2017). Ket qud thUc hien ke't qud thUc hien nhiem vu cong tdc ndm 2017, nhiem vu vd gidi phdp chii ye'u nam 2018.
4. Trung tdm Xuc tie'n Dau tu, Thuangmai, Dulich TP. HdNoi, Sd Ndng nghiep vd Phdt trien Ndng thdn Hd Ndi (2017). Tdi lieu ToaddmXiic tie'n phdt triin Nong nghiep Ung dung CNC tai Hd Noi, ngdy 25/10/2017.
5 Dd Minh (2018). Hd Ndi ddy manh ling dung cong nghe cao trong sdn xud't nong nghiep. truy cap tU http://hanoimoi com.vn/Tin-tuc/Kinh-te/895577/ha-noi'day-manh-ung-dung-cong-nghe-cao-trong-san-xuat-nong' nghiep
6. Minh Vdn (2017). Hd Noi Tim hudng phdt trien ndng nghiep cong nghe cao, truy cap tU http://www.nhan- dan.com.vn/kinhte/thoi_su/item/32653502-ha-noi-tim-huong-phat-trien-nong-nghiep-cong-nghe-cao.html
Ngay nh^n bai: 14/12/2018
Ngay phan bi$n danh gia va sii'a chifa: 24/12/2018 Ngay chap nh§n dang bai: 4/1/2019
Thong tin tdc gid:
PGS. TS. D 6 HUY HA NCS. BUI TIEN PHUC Hpc vidn Chinh tri - Bo Qud'c phong
RESTRUCTURING HANOI CITY'S AGRICULTURAL SECTOR:
IMPORTANT CONTENTS TO MAKE BREAKTHROUGHS
• Assoc.Prof. Ph.D DO HUY HA
• Ph.D student BUI TIEN PHUC Political A c a d e m y , iviinistry of Defence
ABSTRACT:
It is necessary to coirectly deteimine the bottleneck that hinders the agricultural development in order to have appropriate solutions for sustainably developing the agriculture sector of Hanoi City towards the modernization and increasing the added value for this sector. By using the statistical, analysis and syndiesis methods, this article is to generally analyze achievements of Hanoi City's agriculture sector after five years of implementing the agriculhiral restructuring scheme, thereby proposing contents that the Hanoi City Party Committee and Hanoi City's authorities need to focus in the near future.
Keywords: Agriculmral economy, restructuring, agriculture, Hanoi City.
5 0 So 1-Thang 1/2019
