)NG TIN KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Trangr 1
Tin Wiv €HINH SACH 6IA0 DV€ Ddi Ytfl D^Nfi BAO CAC DiN TQC THI£V s 6 TAI C H 6 (i TAY NGVT^N C€A Ca£ Bd NGUY ttUY^N SAl GON (1954 - 1975)
C
hfnh sdch g i d o d g c Id m g t b g p h d n trong chfnh s d c h ThUPng vgn c u a c d c chfnh p h u VIgt N a m e p n g h o a t r d d c n g d y gidi p h o n g q u a c d c giai d o g n : t d chfnh q u y d n Ngo Dinh Diem c h o d e n chfnh q u y e n N g u y e n V d n Thieu sou n d y . Chfnh sdch d d CO t h a y d d i q u o hai thdi ky n h u sou:Thdi ky chinh quyen Ngo Dinh Diem (1954 - 1963) Sou hiep dinh G i d n e v o 1954, d d t nUde t g m thdi Ohio Idm hai midn vdi hai c h e d o chfnh tri khdc nhau.
Mien Bdc dUde gidi p h o n g tien hdnh c d i t g o v d x d y d d n g c h u nghTa xd hgi, mien Nam phdi chiu dUdi d e h tho'ng trj c u a d e q u o c My v d b e lu f a y sai Ngo Dinh Digm. V d o n g d y 11/3/1955 chfnh p h u Ngo Dinh Diem ban hdnh d g o d g sd 21 sdt n h g p h o d n g trieu c d d n g t h d v d o Idnh t h d VIgt Nam. N g d y 12/ 6 n d m d o , trong m g t budi Id t u y e n t h g c u a d d n g b d o ThUPng dUPe t d c h d c long trgng tgi Buon Me Thupc, cUu Thu tUdng c u a chinh q u y e n VIgt N a m e p n g h o c - Ngo Dinh Digm t u y e n b d :
"Gida d d n g b d o mien Thugng v d d d n g b d o mien Kinh thge hign m p t nen tU d o binh d d n g khong c o n c 6 sU chia re p h d n bigt n d o cd"... " t d n a y Kinh ThUOng d § hue, q u d n d a n chfnh nhdt tri thi c o n g c u g c khai p h d mien sdn c U d e q u y e t dinh se t h d n h t d u trong m g t thdi gian n g d n d d d e m Igi h g n h p h u c ve tinh t h d n v d v g t chdt c h o c d c d d n g bdo"sdn e d d c , d d n g thdi x d y d g n g phu c d d n g c h u n g c h o q u d c gia VIgt Nam c u a c h u n g to" (Tdi Hgu t h u y e t trinh, tr 6"
PGS TS Nguyen VSn Tiep Ldi keu ggi tren d d y t o m t d t ehinh sdch ddi vdi d d n g b d o ThUpng m d chfnh q u y e n ggi Id "Chfnh sdch d g i d o d n ket d d n too" khong c 6 sg p h d n biet Kinh ThUPng gf c a Id het sUe sol ldm. Chfnh q u y e n Ngo Dinh Diem d d khong t h d y dUdc sg khdc biet ve trinh d p p h d t trien kinh te, xd hpi v d v d n hoa c u a c d c d d n t o o tgi c h 6 d Tdy N g u y e n vdi ngUdl Kinh, khong rut dUdc nhUng Pdi h p c kinh nghiem e u o t h g e d d n Phdp trUdc d o . Chfnh q u y e n Ngo Dinh Diem b a n hdnh m p t logt chfnh sdch nhU: phu nhdn q u y e n sd hUu t g p the d d t dai Puon Idng c u a d d n g b d o , d p d g n g lugt d d t dai c h u n g c u a q u d c gia;
gidi t d n too d n phong tge e u o ngUdi ThUpng. Ve chinh sdch g i d o d g c : c a m d g y tieng me d e tgi c d c trudng sd h g c v d tieu hgc v d p h d bien d g y tieng Viet c h o t d t c d c d c d d n t p c khong p h d n bigt Kinh - ThUdng. Chfnh sdch e u a chfnh q u y e n Ngo Dinh Digm thUc c h d t Id thUe hien chfnh sdch d d n g hda v d n h o a v d c d ngon ngU.
Thdiky ( 1 9 6 4 - 1975)
Sou khi chinh q u y e n Ngo Dinh Digm bj igt d d , v d o n g d y 17/10/1964, trong d g i hgi d g i dign c d c sdc t g e Thugng tgi Pleiku, cUu Thu tUdng N g u y d n Khdnh d d b a n hdnh m g t t h o n g d i g p c h o chinh sdch mdi ddi vdi d d n g b d o ThUdng:
- Kinh ThUdng d o d n ket binh d d n g t h a t sU;
- Dgc bigt n d n g d d d d n g b d o ThUPng m a u c h o n g tien kip d o n g b d o Kinh;
- Ton trgng p h o n g t g e , t g p q u d n c u a d d n g b d o ThUdng.
Ngddi nhUng npi d u n g tren, t h o n g d i g p c o n d e c g p tdi nhUng v d n d e tren ve chfnh trj, v d n h d a , g i d o d g c , xd hpi v d t g p h d p .
De g o p p h d n t h g e hien chfnh sdch noi tren, Tieu b a n nghien cUu c d c sdc t p c thieu sd d d dUa ra m p t sd d e nghj p h d n d n h n g u y g n v o n g c u a d d n g b d o c d c d d n t p c tgi c h d v d kinh t e , v d n h o o xd hgi trong d o c 6 v d n d d g i d o d g c nhU:
- Xin CO t r u d n g g i d o d g c d d o t g o sinh vien, h g c sinh c d c n g d n h c h o d d n g b d o ThUdng.
- Xin c h o h g c tieng m e d e , kem theo ehUdng trinh q u d c ngU c d p tieu h g c ;
- Xin ddnh ty Ig h o g e g i d m b d t nhdng dieu kign gia
S«:: 8/2009 llllllllllllllllllllllll sd Khoa Hoc va Cong Nghe Binh PhUoc
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THONG TIN KHOA HOC CONtnhgp cdc trUdng cao ddng, dgi hgc; ddc biet xin md them cdc trddng nong Idm sue, ky thugt.
- Xin thiet lap c d c ky tuc xd (KTX) nuoi dn hpc sinh ngudi ThUPng ngheo;
- Xin c d p hpc bdng cho nhdng sinh vien, hpc vien ngheo khong dUpe d KTX.
- Xin thiet Igp cdc Idp de nhdt dgc biet cho hpc sinh ngUdi ThUPng xong cdp de de ddng len trung hpc;
-Xin them mpt sd diem chdm ddu cho hgc sinh, sinh vien ngUdI ThUdng trong cdc ky thi tuyen hay thi ldy bdng cdp Gdi lieu thuyet trinh trude Hpi ddng ddn qudn, tr 11).
E)e trien khai nhdng cong viec neu tren, Bp qudc gia gido dgc cua Viet Nam cgng hoa thoa thudn vdi Vien chuyen khdo ngd hgc thugc Vign dgi hgc North Dakota Hoo Ky nhdm thge hien dU dn hdp tdc trong viec nghien cUu thd ngU vd ngon ngU cdc ddn tpc thieu sd. Npi dung dU dn md Vien chuyen khdo tieng ddn tpc ngdn ngQ hpc ddm nhgn bao gdm cdc cong viec sou ddy:
"Giup dd vd hpp tdc, nhdt Id trong cong viec phien djeh, thong dich lien quan den ngon ngU hpc cho cdc nhdn vien chfnh quyen trong dja hgt gido dgc, khoa hgc, y te...cdn di thdm cdc ddng bdo thieu sd vi cong vg.
Hgp tdc vdi chinh quydn trcng vigc bien sogn Igi sdch vd long vd cdc ngU vgng ve cdc ngon ngU dang dUdc nghien cdu cung icgi sdch tgp dpc song ngU, ndm trong chUdng trinh cua chfnh phu de chdng non mu chU vd truyen bd Viet ngU.
Djeh ro cdc ngon ngU thieu sd cdc tdi lieu vd y te, canh nong v.v., nhUng sdch phd thong, cung cdc logi sdch CO gid trj ludn ly.
Khuyen khich nhUng c d gdn de cdi thien ddi sdng cd nhdn vd xd hgi, nhdt Id cong cugc chdng ngn mu chO bdng cdch hpp tdc vdi cdc trudng epng ddng vd cdc td chUe c6 mgc dich tUdng tU-
Vign chuyen khdo ngU cd the c d mpt sd gido sU cua Vign den day it nhieu gidng khoa ngdn hgn ve de tdi ngU hgc neu cdc Idp hpc ndy dUpe bg qudc gia gido dgc td chUe"
ThUc hign chu trUdng tren, Bg Gido dgc chfnh quyen Sdi Gdn cho phep day chUdng trinh ThUdng ngU ke tU nien khoa 1967 - 1968 cho cdc Idp tU Idp ndm den Idp nhdt, hoc nhU mpt sinh ngQ chfnh eua bdt trung hpc.
NhUng gid hpc tieng ThUdng chi hpc ve phong tge tgp qudn, lugt le cd truyen, vdn chuong cua tdng bg Igc trong nhUng mon hge nhU tgp dpc, hpc +hupc Idng.
tgp Idm vdn md thdi.
Do hodn cdnh kho khdn nen nien khoa 1967 - 1968 ehl mdi dp dung d Idp ndm cho cdc thU tieng Ede,
Sd Khoa HQC va Cong Nghe Binh PhiTdfc
Jarai, Bona, K,ho vi hign tgi chUa du sdch gido khoa cho cdc ddn too vd dang thdnh Igp ban tu thu de sogn sdch gido khoa ve ngon ngd c d c ddn tpc. Sang nien khdo 1968 - 1969 c d the dp dgng Idp 5 cho tieng Vdn Kieu, Hre, Stieng, Mnong, Chdm..
Se tiep tuc md Idp 6 thay vi md Idp mdu gido ddnh rieng cho c d c hpc sinh dan tpc thieu sd tgi chd. C! cdc Idp ndy hpc sinh hpc dpc, hpc viet tieng ddn tge vd chudn bj hpc qudc ngU vdo Idp 5. Nhu vgy, hgc sinh ddn too se phdi hpc 6 ndm tieu hpc, cung nhU hpc sinh Kinh dupe hpc c d Idp mdu gido.
Viec hgc tieng c d c ddn too cung dUdc tien hdnh eho c d c cdn bg Kinh cong tdc tgi cdc tinh Tdy Nguyen nhdm hoa minh vdi ddn chung, de cong tdc ddn vgn dUdc thUc hign tdt hdn. Nhd nUdc se td chQc cdc ky thi sdt hgch hgc tieng ddn tge vd c d p bdng tieng ddn tpc, cho cdn bp c6 bdng tieng ddn tpc dUdc hUdng mpt thdng 400 USD de khuyen khich tinh thdn hgc tieng ddn tpc. Bp Gido dgc se sogn cdc thd sdch dgy tieng ddn tge de dgy cho cdn bg phuc vg d Tdy Nguyen theo mpt ChUdng trinh chung cua phu thu tUdng.
Cung vdi vigc d g y song ngd cho con em cdc ddn tge, Bg gido dgc dd td chUc cdc Idp binh ddn hgc vu cho ddng bdo ddn tpc Idn tudi vd phdt dpng phong trdo chdng ngn mu chU. Vigc sogn sdch gido khoa cho cdc Idp ndy trddc ddy chda phdt trien vi tinh hinh an ninh vd thieu phUdng tign. Tuy vgy, cung dd td chOc dupe 55 Idp bd tuc vd 15 Idp khai tdm. Trong cdc ndm hpc tiep theo tU 1967 cdc Idp ndy dgc bigt dUdc phdt trien mgnh me hdn.
De xuc tieng cho vigc hgc tieng ddn tge, tCJ thdng 2 ndm 1967 Bg Gido due thdnh Igp Ban tu thU tgi Kon Tum bdt ddu sogn sdch gido khoa cho bdn thd tieng chfnh Id Ede, Giorai, Bona, K,ho. Sou dd, se thdnh Igp ban tu thu khdc tiep tuc sogn sdch gido khoa cho cdc thU tieng cua cdc ddn tge khdc. Cdc sdch gido khoo bdng tieng ddn tge dgy cho con em hgc sinh ddn tge gdm cd 3 logi:
Sdch ve phong tuc tgp qudn (tCf Idp 5 den Idp nhdt). Sdch dUdc viet hodn todn bdng tieng ddn tpc ve phong tge tgp qudn, lugt Ig c d truyen, vdn hpc ddn gian trong cdc bdi tgp dpc, thugc Idng, tdp ldm vdn, chfnh td.
Sdch song ngO (td Idp 5 den Idp 3), sogn cho cdc sdch gido khoa qudc ngO ve dgo dUc, vg sinh, khoo hpc, todn, dgi ly, lich sd cd dUa them phdn ti^ng ddn tpc vdo cdc chO khd de hpc sinh dd hieu bdi.
Sdch ddnh vdn tieng ddn tpc (td Idp 6 - mdu gido) viet bdng tieng ddn tpc de dgy cho hpc sinh cdch
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TJN KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Trang 3
dpc, cdch viet tieng ddn tpc cho thong thgo chudn bj cho vigc hpc d Idp 5 dddc d ^ ddng.
NhU vgy, chUdng trinh hpc tieng ddn too ddnh cho hpc sinh ddn tpc theo chuong trinh tieu hpc euo Bp Gido due ehl them phdn dgy tieng ddn too moi tudn 4 gid nhu mgt mon sinh ngQ chfnh euo bgc trung hgc. (5 bgc trung hgc vd dgi hgc hgc sinh ddn tge hgc chung vdi hgc sinh Kinh cung mgt chUdng trinh.
Thi/c trqng gido due ci Tdy Nguyen
Nam trdng chfnh sdch ThUdng vgn chfnh quyen Viet Nam cgng hda (VNCH) dd thUc thi mgt sd chfnh sdch nhdm tranh thu, Idi keo ddng bdo ddn tge thieu sd, md rgng vung chiem ddng, ddnh ddt, ddnh ddn vdi chfnh quyen cdch mgng. Sou khi chfnh quyen Ngo Dinh Diem sup dd, chfnh quyen VNCH dd ban hdnh vd thUe thi mpt sd chinh sdch gido due ve cdc mgt; xdy dUng KTX cho con em ngUdi ddn too cU tru, c d p phdt hpc bdng, ndng dd hpc tgp trong cdc ky thi nhdp hpc, tdt nghiep, cdp vdn bdng vd mot sd bien phdp de bdo tdn vd phdt huy bdn sdc vdn hda cdc ddn tpc.
Vdi sU tdi trd ngdn sdch vd ddu tU ddnh rieng cho hpc sinh ddn tpc, td ndm 1964 - 1967, sd hpc sinh theo hpc cdc trUdng sd hpc, tieu hpc, trung hpc chuyen nghiep, dpi hgc tdng len.
Rieng cdc trUdng chuyen nghigp c6 374 hpc sinh cdc ddn tpc thieu sd theo hpc. Trong dd, cd 196 hpc sinh ddn tpc thieu sd d Tdy Nguyen, 57 hpc sinh ddn tpc thieu so mien nui phfa Bdc di cU vdo vd 121 hpc sinh Chdm. Sd sinh vien ndy theo hpc cdc khoa: Ddc sU, tham sU, cao ddng cdng chfnh, cao ddng dign hgc, cdn sU y te, qudc gia thUdng mgi, my thudt, ndng Idm sue... Mgt sd dd td't nghigp dang phgc vg tgi cdc vung ddn tge. Rieng cdc phdn khoo dgi hgc cd 7 sinh vien ddn tge theo hgc cdc phdn khoa nhu y khoa, dupe khoa, lupt khoa vd vdn khoa.
Chinh quydn cung xdy dUng cdc KTX trong cdc trUdng, cung c d p nhu yeu phdm thong thUdng cho sinh hogt, ngdn sdch nudi cho cdc hgc sinh ngUdi ddn tge de giup dd hp trong hodn cdnh khd khdn.
Ngodi dpi hpc, nhieu KTX trung tieu hpc vd chuyen nghigp cung dUpe xdy cdt hope tu bd Igi. Rieng ndm 1966 ngdn sdch de xdy KTX Id 41,5 ngdn USD vd ndm 1967 Id 54 ngdn USD. Trong cdc KTX, hgc sinh dddc cung cd'p phUdng tign dn, d, dung cu the thac.nhUng cdn thi^u thdn nhieu.
Ngodi ra, Bg Gido due cdn cd'p hpc bdng cho cdc hpc sinh trung hpc, hpc sinh chuyen nghigp vd sinh vi§n dpi hgc ddn tge ngheo, chdm hge, hgnh kiem tdt khdng ngi tru trong cdc KTX dddc hUdng hgc bdng Vdn
Si: «/2009 llllllllllllllllllllllll
hda A chdu, hgc bong qudc gia.
Bd Gido dgc cung c6 mgt sd chu trUdng ndng dd hgc sinh ddn too trong viec thi c d , nhdp vd du hpc nUdc ngodi. Bp can thiep vdi cdc cd quan ddnh cho hpc sinh ddn too nhUng quyen Ipi Uu tien trong cdc ky thi vdo de nhd't, Id'y bdng tdt nghiep cung nhu nhdp hpc cdc khoa chuyen nghigp. Nhd vdy, sd hpc sinh ddn tdc tdng len. Trong cdc ky thi, midn dong cdc khodn phi ve hpc dudng, gidm 20% tdng sd diem chdm ddu vdo ede ky thi tu tdi, trung hpc, gidm 10% sd diem ehdm ddu trong ede ky thi vdo Idp de thdt cdng Igp. Ddi vdi hpc sinh cdc trUdng dpi hgc vd chuyen nghiep, tdng hpn tudi vd gidm dieu kien vdn bdng, sinh vien ddn tge cd bdng tu tdi 11 dUde nhdp hoc cdc trudng dgi hgc chuyen khoa, dugc mi§n thi vd Uu tien gdi sinh vien cdng chUe ngUdi ddn tpc du hpc nUde ngodi ngdnh hpc ve sU pham, y te cdng ddng, ndng idm....
Nhin Igi chfnh sdch gido dgc, nhd't Id gido dge song ngU bdng tieng ddn tpc vd tieng Kinh cua che dp cu eho thd'y, thdi ky cua chfnh quyen Ngd Dinh Diem Id thUc hien chinh sdch ddng hda vdn hdo vd ngon ngU nen dd edm khdng cho viec gidng day bdng tieng ddn tdc, di ngUpe Igi quyen ldi vd nguygn vgng cua nhdn ddn. Vi vgy. mgt phong trdo phdn khdn chd'ng Igi chinh quyen Diem len cao d Tdy Nguyen.
Rut bdi hgc td chinh quyen Ngd Dinh Diem, cdc giai dogn tiep theo dd tien hdnh mpt so cdc cdi cdch de phdt trien vdn hda, gido dgc ddng bdo ddn tpc thieu so toi chd, trong dd viee chudn Pj vd td chUc dgy tieng ddn tge dUdc quan tdm chu y vd dd cd nhUng chfnh sdch de thUe thi. Tuy nhien, do hodn cdnh chien tranh vd nhUng khd khdn khdc tU phfa chfnh quyen, nhd't Id ngdn sdch phu thupc tU phia My cd'p, tren thUe te cdng viec ndy mdi dUde trien khai tU ndm 1967 vd chu yeu d vung dich chiem ddng, nhd't Id vung do thi mien nui. Cdn nhUng vung khdc viec trien khai gap nhieu khd khdn do chien tranh xdy ra. Chfnh sdch gido due dd'i vdi cdc ddn tpc thieu sd tgi chd, nhd't Id vdn de day tieng ddn tdc ehl dUng Igi d mUc dg khiem tdn, chUa tgo nen dUde sU chuyen bien ddi vdi gido dgc ddn too.
Tinh trgng mu chO vd thdt hgc cua con em cdc ddn tpc cdn phd bien. Tuy nhien, trong chUng mgc hpn che nd cung gdp phdn ddo tgo tri thdc ddn tpc trUde het phgc vu eho chfnh quyen toy sal trong cdng cupe binh djnh Tdy Nguyen. Vigc nghien cUu ndy cung giup cho Chung to nhUng bdi hpc kinh nghigm trong vigc phdt trien gido dgc cdc ddn tpc thieu so hign nay, nhd't Id nhUng phUdng phdp xdy dUng chU viet ddn tpc, dgy song ngQ VIgt - Ddn tge.
