Chmh sach vT mo ffng pho COVID-19
NGaYEM DiNH THQ*
NGUYEM XCIAN QUANG"
Trong bd'i canh d^i dich COVID-19 lan rdng, Chinh phu Viet Nam can tSp trung di diiu chinh ctf cS'u kinh td' theo hifdng phat trien manh cac Hnh vi/c it chiu anh hifdng cua dai dich, mcf rdng viing san xua't, cac khu cdng nghiep, khu kinh td' nham phat trien chd' bid'n ndng san, cung u'ng nguydn lidu va phat tri^n cdng nghiep phu trtf. Chinh phu nen tfu tidn t$p trung vao cac khu vrfc CO nhu can tang cao trong giai doan dich bdnh, do la n^n kinh td' sd', hd thd'ng phong ngijfa va kid'm soat site khoe toan dan tnfc tuyd'n, t r u y i n hinh giao due va giao due trifc tuyd'n.
c a SO LY THUYET CUA CAC GIAI PHAP VI M O O N G P H O D A I DICH BENH
Trong md hinh long eau va ban tay can thidp eua ehinh phu cua Keynes (1936), dffdng tdng cau AD, difdc xae dinh theo phffdng phdp chi lieu la Y=C+G-i-l+X-M, trong do: C la tieu dung cd nhan, G la chi tieu chinh phu, I la dau tu tif nhan, X la xua't khau, IVI la nhap kha'u. Gidi han tid't kiem (S) va tidu dung eua ngffdi dan (C) la thu nhap kha dung cua hg (Y- T), trong dd T la thue' cua chinh phu, nen Y-T=C+S va Y=C+S+T. Vi vay, C+S+T=C-i-G-l-l+X-M, the hien mdi quan he giffa ba can dd'i vT md ldn cua nin kinh td'S-l+T-G=X-M, tie't kiem eua khu vu'c tUnhan (S-I) va tie't kiem cua chinh phu (T-G) bang xua't khlu rdng (X-M).
Tren thi trffdng tien le, chting ta ed M+V=P-i-Y, trong do M la mffc lang trffdng cung ffng tiln, V la mffc tang trudng vdng quay lffu chuyd'n lien te, P la mffc tang gid va Y la tang trffdng td'ng san lu'dng GDP; mffc tang chi tieu (M+V) bdng mffc tang gia (lam phat) va tang tnfdng long san Iffdng thffc (P-l-Y).
Chinh sach kich thieh tdi khda, ndi long tidn te lam tang tidu diing ca nhan, ehi hdu chinh phu, dau tu tu nhan va xua't, nhap khau deu Iam tang tdng ehi tieu va
dich chuyd'n dffdng AD sang ben phai dan tdi thue day tang trffdng va Iam phat.
Tuy nhidn, mgt cu sd'c tdi tdng cung, nhff: thien tai, dich benh se Iam dich chuyen long cung AS sang ben trai. Khung hoang cung ngan han, khdng dffdc dieu chinh phu hdp bdi ehinh sdch vT md se ddn tdi khung hoang niim tin, tac dOng tdi tang trffdng kmh te' dai han nhff Dai khung hoang Kinh le'the'gidi 1929-1933.
Ung phd vdi khung hoang eung ngan han do benh dich khdng de dang du'dc thffc hien bdi gdi kich thich tai khda va ndi ldng chinh sach lien id. Vong quay Iifu chuyen lien te, V, bi anh hffdng bdi suy giam niem tin vao tang trffdng eae boat dgng kinh le' Vdng quay lffu chuyen tien le bi anh hffdng bdi: tdm ly, ky vgng mudn
HiNH: CHINH SACH KINH TE Vi MO CTNG PHO DAI DICH BENH lAS'l
5% 6,3% Y*=7%
'PGS, TS., Cue trifdng Cue Kinh te va Phat trien Quy dat, Tdng cue Quan ly Dat dai, Bg Tai Nguyen va Moi trifdng
"ThS,, Pho Bi thu Thifdng trifc Huyen uy Dai Tff, tinh Thai Nguyen
T(l CHiMH SACH DEM CGOC SONG
giff tien do tang cau v l tiln te, tang mong mud'n tich trff tai san, chinh sach kich thich chi lieu cua chinh phu va giam thue'.
Mdt cu sd'c lam giam vdng quay lifti chuyen tiln te, V, se xay ra khi khung hoang niem tm vao tang tru'dng kinh te' va niem tin vao dai dich benh nhff COVID-19 dang cao. Nen kinh id'bi dinh trd, san xua't dinh ddn do bi dift chudi cung ffng loan cau cung cap nguyen lieu dau vdo va tieu thu san pham dau ra. Cdc san van dgng, trung tam the thao, nha hdt, rap chid'u bdng, trffdng hgc cung ca'p cac dieh vu tbu hiil Iffdng Idn ngifdi tieu diing bl ddng cffa. Nha mdy san xud't, khdch san, nhd hang va cdc dich vu giai tri bi ddng cffa d l tranh ldy lan bdnh dich trong ban than Iao ddng lam viec trong cac cd sd nay, lam dich chuyd'n dffdng cung AS sang bdn trdi.
Tieu dung cd nhan bi gidi han trong pham vi nhu eau thid't yd'u, giam nhu can dd'i vdi hang khdng thie't yd'u va dich vu du hch, an ud'ng, giai tri, lam dieh chuyen dffdng ctu AD sang ben phai. Nen kinh te' chuye'n tff can bang tai diem E ldi E'.
Chinh sdch ndi ldng tien td se khdng kich thich tidu dimg, ddn gian do vide cat giam chi tieu la do bdnh dich, cung khdng khuye'n khich dau tff vao cdc ITnh vffc khdng dffdc lieu diing trong Ihdi ky dai dich. Chinh sdch kich thich tai khda cua chinh phu chi cd tac dung ne'u dUdc tap trung de dieu chinh ed ca'u kinh te' tap trung vao khu vffc khdng bi anh hffdng bdi dich bdnh va nhu cau tang cao trong giai doan djch benh. Chinh sdch tai khda khdng ro mue lidu se lam anh hifdng tdi ba can do'i vi mo ldn: tdng tham hut ngdn sdch; an vao tham hut tid't kidm va dau tu'; va gia lang tham hut xua't nhap kha'u.
THU'C TRANG KINH TE VI M 6 TRONG BOI CANH DjCH BENH COVID-19 Cf VIET NAM
Theo Cue Y le' Dff phong, Bd Y td', tinh de'n ngay 20/03/2020, tren the'gidi cd 245.660 ngu'di nhidm benh, Viet Nam ed 85 ngffdi nhiem benh. Nd'u tinh trung binh cff 1 ngffdi se lay cho 2 ngffdi trong vdng trung binh sau 2 ngay nhidm bdnh trong trffdng hdp khdng kiem soat hoac kiem soat long leo, khdng hidu qua, thi sau hai luan se cd 255 ngifdi nhiem benh, sau 1 thang se cd 65,535 ngffdi nhiem benh, sau 2 thdng 1/3 dan sd'thd' gidi se nhiem benh.
Dff bao eua The Economist (ngay 27/02/2020) cho tha'y, se ed 25%-70% dan so cua cac nffdc cd dieh bi nhidm benh, 80% sd' benh nhan bi nhiem benh nhe, 15% se can phai eham sde y te'tai benh vien, 5% c^n cham sdc y Id' dac biet. Ne'u khdng kiem soat, vdi ly le tff vong trung binh 3,4% eua loan thd' gidi, ffdc tinh cd hang trieu ngffdi tff vong nd'u khdng kiem sodt. Cac nffdc khdng kie'm soat, hoac kiem sodt long leo, khdng hieu qua, se budc phai chuyen sang kiim soat chat che sau 24 ngay, khi con sd nhiem bdnh dat tren 8.000 ngffdi nhidm benh. Cde nffdc thifc hidn ehinh sdch kie'm soat bdnh dich chat che nhif Vidt Nam, se cd sd'catdng nhidm bi han chd' va keo dai tbdi gian cho Chinh phu
thifc hien eac chinh sdch kich thich, dieu cbinh cd cd'u kinh td'.
Ngay 11/03/2020, Thu tffdng Chinh phu Nguydn Xuan Phuc da ed Chi thi sd' 13/CT-TTg ve vide lie'p tue da'y manh phong, chdng dich COVID-19 trong tinh hinh mdi. Trffdc do, thffc hien quye't lidt cdc ehi dao cua Ban Bi thff Trung u'dng Dang tai Cdng van so' 79-CV/
TW, ngay 30/()l/2020, Didn cua Thffdng trffc Ban Bi thif Trung ffdng Dang ngay 07/03/2020, Thu tffdng Chinh phii da chi thi cac bd, nganh, dia phffdng nghiem luc cha'p hanh ede Chi thi sd'05/CT-TTg, ngay 28/01/2020; Chi thi sd 06/CT-TTg, ngay 31/01/2020; Chi thi sd 10/CT^TTg, ngay 25/02/2020; va Chi thj sd 11/CT- TTg, ngay 04/03/2020 va eac Cdng dien sd 121/CD-TTg, 156/CD-TTg cung cac van ban chi dao khac cua Thu lffdng Chinh phii; chuS'n bi td't nhd't, sdn sang cho mgi tinh hud'ng; tie'p luc quan triet tinh th^n "chd'ng dieh nhu chd'ng giac", sdn sang hy sinh ldi ich kinh te de bao vd td't nha't sffc khde va linh mang eua Nhan ddn.
Ngay 31/03/2020, Td'ng Bi thff, Chu tich nffdc Nguydn Phu Trgng da ra Ldi keu ggi ddng bao, ddng chi, chie'n si ea mfdc va ddng bao ta d nu'dc ngoai, hay doan ket mgt long, thd'ng nha't y ehi va hanh dgng... de chid'n thang dich COVID-19. Thffc hidn Ldi kdu ggi cua Td'ng Bi thif, Chii lich nffdc Nguyen Phii Trgng, vdi tinh than coi trgng sffc khoe va linh mang cua con ngffdi la trdn hdt, dd' lid'p tue chii ddng ngan chan, kiem soat dieh bdnh, Thu tifdng Chinh phii da ky ban hanh Chi thi sd 16/CT-TTg vl thifc hien cae bien phap ca'p bach phong, chdng dich COVID. Theo do, yeu c^u eac bd, ed quan ngang bd, cd quan thugc Chinh phu, UBND tinh, thanh phd trffc thude Trung Udng tap trung cao dd thffc hien eae bien phdp phdng chd'ng dich da de ra, nhd't la Chi thi sd 15/CT-TTg, ngay 27/03/2020, luan thu cac chi dao ciia Ban chi dao qudc gia phdng, chd'ng dich COVID-19. Trong dd, dang chu y la thifc hien cdch ly loan xd hdi trong vdng is' ngay ke tff 0 gid ngay 01/04/2020 trdn pham vi loan qud'c theo nguydn ldc gia dinh each ly vdi gia dinh, thdn ban cdch ly vdi thdn ban, xd each ly vdi xa, huyen cdch Iy vdi huyen, tinh cdch Iy vdi tinh, phdn xffdng, nha mdy san xud't phai bao dam khoang each an loan, deo khd'u trang, thifc hidn khff trung, diet khu^n
14
theo quy dinh. Ydu cau mgi ngffdi ddn d tai nha,^chi ra ngoai trong irffdng hdp that sff c^n thie't, nhu-, mua Iffdng Ihffc, thffc pha'm, thud'e men, ca'p euii, lam vide tai nha mdy, ed sd san xua'l, ed sd kinh doanh dieh vu, hang hda thie't ye'u khdng bi ddng cij'a, dffng boat dgng va cae trifdng hdp kha'n ca'p khde; ibiTc hidn nghiem vide giff khoang each td'i thid'u 2m khi giao tie'p; khdng tap trung qua 2 ngffdi ngoai pham vi cdng sd, trffdng hgc, bdnh vidn va tai ndi cdng cdng.
Ciing vdi do, hang loat cac chinh sach da dffdc Thu tu'dng Chinh phii ehi dao de thao gd khd khan, tao thuan Idi chd doanh nghidp ve tie'p can vd'n, tin dung, tai chinh, thud', thffdng mai, thanh todn dien tff, Cu the:
(i) Hffdng ddn cde to chffc tin dung cdn dd'i, dap ffng day du, kip thdi nhu cau vd'n phuc vu san xud't kinh doanh, da'y manh cai cdch thu luc hanh ehinh, rut ngan thdi gian xet duyet hd sd vay vd'n, nang cao kha nang tid'p cdn vd'n vay cua khdch hang.
(ii) D l xud't chinh sdch tin dung phu hdp, sff dung gdi hd trd tin dung khodng 250 nghin ty ddng, de kip thdi ap dung cdc bidn phdp hd trd, nhff: cd cd'u lai thdi han tra nd, xem xel mien giam Iai vay, giff nguyen nhdm nd, giam phi... dd'i vdi khdch hang gap khd khdn do anh hffdng cua dieh Covid-19.
(iii) Hd trd khoang 30 nghin ty ddng cho eae gidi phdp v l thud' va chi ngdn saeh nha nude, hd trd thud'thu nhap doanh nghiep nhd va vffa, gia ban nop thud' vd tien thud dd't, rai§n, giam thud', phi. Id phi, thffc hidn lam dffng ddng bao hie'm xa hdi, khdng tinh Iai phat cham nop.
Thu tffdng Chinh phu da chi dao tap trung nghidn cffu, sdm cd cae giai phap thuc day doanh nghiep cdng nghe so'phdt trie'n cdc sdn phd'm trong thffdng mai didn tff - kinh te' sd, giao van, chuyd'n phat, fintech, thanh loan didn tiV... tren mdi trffdng so'; ddng thdi, yeu cau cdc cd'p, cdc nganh va de nghi cong ddng doanh nghiep va nhan dan trien khai ffng dung manh me vao ddi sd'ng kinh id', xa hgi.
Trong lmh vffc san xud't, kinh doanh, thffdng mai, Thu tffdng Chinh phii chi dao de xua't cdc giai phdp de da dang hda, bao dam dii ngudn cung cho boat dOng san xud't trong nffdc, phdt trien manh cae vimg san xual, cde khu cdng nghiep, khu kinh tedd ehii dgng hdn ngudn cung ffng nguyen lieu trong nffdc; tap trung da'y
BAMG: DONG GOP CCIA TONG CAO THEO PHCfdNG P H A P CHI TlEa vAO TANG TRtfdNG KINH TE
Dan VI linb:
N a m 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 20191/
2020e G D P
5,4 6,0 6,7 6,2 6,8 7,08 7,02 6.5%-6,8%
Chi tieu chinh phu 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,5 0.5 0,4 0,4 0.6
T i € u d u i i g ( i f n ] i 3 n 3,4 4,0 6.1 4,9 4,9 4,9 4,9 3,0
D^uttf 1,7 2.7 2,8 3.1 3,2 2,8 2,8 2,8
Xuat khau r6ng 0,2 -1.0 -5,3 -2,2 -2,0 0,7 0,8 0,1 I T6ng Cue Thioiig kc
manh san xua't, chd' bie'n hang ndng, Iam, thiiy san;
cd bien phdp da'y manh xua't khau, ndng cao hidu qua xile tid'n thffdng mai, da dang hoa cde thi trffdng xud't, nhap kh^u vd tim thi trffdng mdi; tieh cffc khai thac cd hdi ciia cac hidp dinh thffdng mai Iff do (FTA); chuan bj cac dilu kien can thie'l, ehu ddng trid'n khai eae ke' hoach, giai phap xud't kha'u hang hda sang thi trffdng Lidn minh chau Au (EU) sau khi Hidp dmh Thffdng mai tff do Vidt Nam - EU (EVFTA) cd hidu life tff giffa nam 2020.
Hanh ddng nhanh ehdng, quyd't lidt vd chinh xac eua Chinh phii da the hien quye't tam thanh cdng cua Viet Nam trong ffng phd vdi dai dich COVID-19. Cd sd d l cdc giai phap ffng phd dai djch cua Viet Nam thanh edng la:
(1) Gidi phdp ngdn chan tridt de, phdt hidn sdm, each ly, khoanh vung va dap dich ciia Viet Nam se giup Viet Nam cd thdm thdi gian dd ehu^n bi cac dieu kien ve y te' va thffc hien cdc chinh sdch kinh td' vT md nham dn dinh sdn xud't, ddi sd'ng va khdi phuc, thffc da'y kinh id' sau khi dich ket thuc;
(2) Chinh phii tap trung vao eac giai phap kich thich chi tidu lai khda va giam thud vi vdi mdt cu sd'c vl cung va khung hodng niim tin iam giam vong quay lffu chuyen tiln td, chinh sach ndi long tien te se khong co hieu qua, chi Iam tdng lam phdt ma khdng Iam tang tdng cau;
(3) Chinh phu ehi dao tap trung vao kinh td'sd', sdn xua't nguyen lieu dau vdo, vd sdn xua't ehd' bid'n ndng san la nhffng ITnh vffc cd the tang tnfdng trong bdi canh dai dich.
Dai dieh COVID-19 cd nguy cd dnh hffdng ldn tdi thdnh tffu lang trffdng va phdt trien kinh td' eua Vidt Nam trong 5 ndm vffa qua. Tff mffc lang irffdng tha'p 5,4% nam 2013, Viet Nam da duy iri difdc td'c do tang Irffdng tff 6,2%-7,08% trong giai doan tff 2015-2019, ffdc tinh nam 2020 dat iff 6,5%-6,8% (Bang). Tuy nhidn, nhffng khd khan cua nen kinh te'the'gidi vd Vidt Nam trffdc dai dich COVID-19 Id qud ldn. Tong Giam dd'c Quy Tiln td qud'c te' (IMF) Kristalina Georgieva ngay 04/03/2020 dffa ra canh bao, dich viem dffdng hd ha'p COVID-19 gay ra "nguy cd nghiem trgng" va se lam giam manh tde do tang trffdng ciia nen kinh te' loan cau trong nam 2020 xud'ng tha'p hdn mffc 2,9%
TCf CHiMH SACH DEM CUOC SONQ
cua nam 2019. Dff bao loc do tdng trffdng kinh td ciia nam 2020 se giam hdn 0,5% so vdi mffc dff bao 3,3%
trffdc day.
Nam 2019, Iffdng khdch qud'c te dd'n Viet Nam ffdc tinh dat 18 tridu lffdt ngffdi, tang 16,2% so vdi nam 2018. Tdng sd thu iff khdch du lich nam 2019 ldn de'n 726.000 ty ddng. Nam 2020, theo ke hoach dff kid'n, Viet Nam se ddn 20,5 trieu Iffdt khach qud'c td', phuc vu 90 trieu lUdt khdch du lich ndi dia, tdng thu tff khach du Iich dat tren 830.000 ly ddng. Tuy nhien, do anh hffdng cua dai dich COVID-19, ngay 03/03/2020, Chu nhiem Van phdng Chinh phii da nhdn dinh nhieu nganh, ITnh vffc gap khd khan, bdc Id nhffng han chd', bd't cap, nhd't la nganh hang khdng, du lich, van lai. Tfdc linh Iffdng khach lffu tru tai eae khdch san giam 60%; nganh du lich thidt hai 7 ty USD.
Thiet hai kinh td' do lac ddng ciia COVID-19 se tdng ldn ga'p bgi trong bd'i canh cae ehudi eung ffng eua Trung Qud'c bi cat dfft do dich bdnh; dau ra cho san xud't ndng san gap khd khan; trudng hgc hi ddng cffa;
eae dieh vu khdch san, nhd hdng, giai tri, the due, the thao khdng the hoat ddng; lieu diing bi gidi han trong cac san pha'm thie't yd'u. Sut giam td'ng cung Iam dffdng cung AS dich chuyen sang ben trdi ldi AS', lam suy giam td'c dd lang tru'dng GDP.
Ben canh dd, viec sut giam ldng cung do ddng cffa nha may, trudng hgc, cde ed sd du lich, khdch san, nhd hang, dich vu giai tri va cdc thie't che van hda, thd' thao dan ldi mdt bO phdn ldn Iao ddng suy giam hodc khdng cd thu nhdp, keo tdng cau xudng thd'p, lam dich chuyd'n difdng tdng eau AD sang bdn phai tdi AD', tdi dilm edn bang E'. O diem cdn bdng mdi E', tdng chi lieu M-i-V=P+Y bl sut giam iff mffc lam phat 4%, tang trffdng 7% tai E, xudng mffc lam phat 3%, tdng trffdng 5% lai E'. Giam lai sua't, tang cung lien ehi ed tae dung ffng cffu doanh nghidp khdi phd sdn, khdng cd ldc dung lam tang long cung va chi lieu trong ITnh vffc chiu anh hffdng bdi dich bdnh. Giai phdp duy nhd't la dieu chinh ed ca'u kinh te' sang cac ITnh vffc lieu dung tbay thd' trong bd'i canh benh dich hodc it chiu anh hffdng cua bdnh dich,
CO HOI VA CHINH SACH U'NG PHO KINH TE vT MO CUA VIETNAM
Tan dung bd'i eanh dai dieh benh COVID-19 de
"bid'n nguy thdnh cd" vd chuyen dich cd ca'u kinh te' Viet Nam la thach thffc Idn cho chinh sdch ffng phd kijih td' vT md trong giai doan hidn nay. Cde chinh sach hd trd vT mo Irong thdi ky dai dieh benh phai dffdc xay dffng dffa trdn cdng cu thi trffdng, tuyet dd'i khdng hd trd tbeo cd ehd' xin - cho. Tap trung chi ngdn sdch nha nffdc hd trd eae hoat dOng chuyin dich kmh te ndng nghiep va edng nghiep theo hffdng gia lang gia Iri tren chudi cung ffng loan cau, phat trien cdng nghidp phu trd, chuyd'n dich nen kinh te' sang kinh te' sd'.
Thd nhdt, dgi dieh Id cahgi di Viet Nam chuyen dich ea cdu kinh tetheo hudng gia tdng gid tri sdn xudt ndng
nghiep trin chudi cung ting todn cdu. Do dd, cdn:
- Thifc hien chinh sach "eanh ddng ldn", tap trung da't dai phue vu san xud't ndng nghiep edng nghiep eao, ffng dung cdng nghd sinh hgc vao san xud't ndng nghiep d l ha gia thanh san xua't;
- Tap trung phat tnen cdng nghe san xud't, che' bid'n ndng san de' xff Iy, bao quan, ddng gdi cung cd'p san phd'm khd, ddng hdp, dong lanh dap ffng nhu cau each ly ciia cac nffdc ed dich trong ngan han va md rdng thi hifdng tieu thu trong ddi hap,
Lfng dung cdng nghe thdng tin, truyin thdng vao tim kiem ngudn hang, san xua't, thu mua, phdn phdi san pha'm ndng nghiep.
Thiihai, dgi dich Id cahgi de Viit Nam chuyin dich ca cdu kinh te theo hudng gia tdng gid tri sdn xudt cdng nghiip trin chudi cung ting todn cdu. Trong bd'i canh cac chudi cung ffng ciia Trung Qud'c bi cat dfft do dich bdnh COVID-19, hang loat cac cdng ty da qud'c gia da quyd't dinh chuyen boat ddng san xud't ra ngoai Trung Quo'c hoac tim kie'm cae ngudn eung phu lung thay the'. Ddy la ed hdi ldn de Viet Nam phat trie'n manh eac vung san xua't, eae khu edng nghidp, khu kinh te' nham chu dgng hdn ngudn cung ffng nguyen heu va phat trien cdng nghiep phu trd.
Thiiba, dgi dieh Idea hdi di Viet Nam chuyen dich ca cd'u kinh ti' theo hudng phdt triin nin kinh ti sd, phdt triin he sinh thdi sd vd mgng xd hgi Viet Nam.
Dich Covid-19 dien bie'n phffc tap trdn quy md loan cdu, khien hdng loai cac lap doan, doanh nghiep, nhff; Amazon, Apple, Google, Facebook, Microsoft va nhieu edng ty edng nghe ldn khac da khuyd'n khich nhdn vien lam viec tai nha thay vl de'n ede van phong de' han che'bung phat dieh benh. Viet Nam nen tan dung cd hdi d l phdt trid'n eae nen lang lam vide trffc tuyd'n ciia ngffdi Viet, phdt triin hd smh thdi so' va mang xa hdi Viet Nam phuc vu san xua't, phan phd'i, lieu diing. Thie't lap mang xd hdi Viet Nam dd' khai thae 25 trieu ngffdi dung hgc sinh, sinh vien va 5 trieu edng chffc, vien chffc, thifc hien truyen hinh tffdng lac va giao due, dao tao trffc tuyd'n qua internet dd'i vdi gido due phd thdng va dao lao ihffdng xuyen, gido due trgn ddi ky nang sdng va 365 nghe Iheo md hinh ke't hdp vdi doanh nghiep
(Dual Education System cua Dffc). He thd'ng^dao tao cdng chffc, vien chffc cSn chuyen sang dao tao trffc tuyd'n de giam thdi gian hgc tap tap trung va chi td chffc kie'm tra chua'n hda trinh dd nhff de ihi nang lu'c TOEFL, ACCA.
Thd tit, dgi dich Id ca hoi de Viet Nam ddu tu cho phdt trien y ti'uu tiin hi thdng y tidu phong (kid'm soat va phong bdnh);
he Ihd'ng kham, chffa benh ban dau (he tbdng bac sy gia dinh thdng qua tram y te' xd, phffdng); he tho'ng benh vidn vd tinh; he thd'ng ddo tao y, dffdc; he ihd'ng san xua'l difdc pha'm va thid't bi y te'. Phdt trien he thd'ng y ba dien iff trgn ddi d l theo ddi tiln sff, bdnh dn, lien thdng ke'l qua xet nghiem nham giam chi phi khdm, chffa benh; xay dffng phan mem y te vd sff dung tri tue nhan tao de tuyen truyen, tbdng bao eac bidn phdp phdng bdnh va khdm chffa benh ban dau, hffdng dan ndi khdm vd chuyd'n tuyd'n benh vidn.
Thii ndm, dai dich Id ca hdi de Viet Nam ddu tu cho phdt triin gido due Uu lien gido due trgn ddi, tu hgc, tu sdng tgo, tu lap thdn, tU lap nghiip, tU khdi nghiep. Hgc de bie't, hgc de ldm, hgc de khang dinh minh, hge de' ehung sd'ng, hoc de lam ngffdi. Dao tao cong ddn lodn cau, cd cd hdi tie'p thu dffdc kid'n thffc nhan loai va kha nang canh tranh viec lam loan cau. Quan Iy chffdng trinh giao due phd thdng theo he ihd'ng chuan dau ra (learning outcomes) cho tffng cd'p hgc, tffng Idp hgc, vd tffng bai giang.
Chtfdng trinh gido due mdi can kem theo bdi giang video mdu ciia gido vidn gidi nha't nffdc cho tffng bdi giang gdn vdi chuan dau ra. Chua'n hda cdc ky thi nang life trffc tuye'n quo'c gia tff phd thdng, ldi day nghi, dai hgc vd dao tao cong chffc, vien chffc. Thifc hien dao tao trffc tuye'n, tff hgc, hge lap tron ddi va ddnh gia khd'i Iffdng kie'n thffc, ky ndng, thai do, ndng life tff chu, ndng life ffng dung, thffc hanh thong qua ede ky thi nang Iffc. Thifc hien truyen hinh giao due theo gid len Idp dd
giao vidn viing sau, viing xa sff dung hd trd cho bdi giang cua minh nhdm xac lap chua'n giao due qud'c gia thd'ng nhd't.
Thii sdu, dgi djch la ca hgi de Viet Nam ddu tu chinh phii true tuyi'n, cung cdp dich vu cong true tuyin, quan Iy khdng gian tdi nguyen qud'c gia dffa trdn dtt lidu khdng gian (spatial data) dffa tren nen dia ly qud'c gia, ha tang dtt lieu khdng gian qud'c gia NSDI (National Spatial Data Infrastructure) va nen dia chinh qud'c gia NDCD (National Digital Cadatral Database). Mgi ngudn tdi nguyen qud'c gia diu dffdc Iffu trff dae tinh theo ed sd dff lieu truyen ihd'ng vd tga do theo cd sd dff lieu klidng gian GIS (Global Information System).
Chinh sdch kich thich tai khda cua Chinh phii ehi ed tac dung ne'u difdc tdp trung de dieu chinh ed ca'u kinh Id' tap trung vao khu vifc khdng bi anh hffdng bdi dich benh nhif san xud't, che' bie'n ndng san va phat trie'n manh cac vung san xud't, ede khu cdng nghidp, khu kinh Id' nhdm chii dgng hdn ngudn cung ffng nguyen lieu va phat trie'n cdng nghidp phu trd. Chinh sach kich thich tai khda ciia Chinh phu nen tap trung vao eae khu vffc cd nhu cau lang cao trong giai doan dich bdnh. Dd la nin kinh td so', he thdng phdng ngffa va kiem soat sffc khde toan ddn trffc tuyd'n, truydn hinh gido due vd gido due trffc tuyen. Chinh sdch tai khda khdng rd muc lieu, hd trd khdng cdng bang, minh bach, kip thdi, phi thi trffdng se khuye'n khich tham nhung, ldng phi, ldm anh hffdng tdi dn dinh can dd'i vT md ldn, lang tham hut ngdn sdch, dn vdo thdm hut tie't kiem vd dau tff va gia tang tham hut xud't nhap kha'u. Chinh sdch ndi long lien te, ha ldi sud't va md rdng tin dung chi ndn di sau de khdi phuc kinh te va khuye'n khich tang trffdng hdu dich bdnh. Vide thffc hidn chinh sach lai khda ed muc tieu thanh cong se dich dffdng cau sang ben phai tdi diem cdn bang mdi E " , lang trffdng d mffc 6,3% va lam phat 3%. Trong dieu kien ly tffdng, gdi ehinh sach ndi long tiln Id, ha lai sua't, md rgng tin dung, ho trd thud' va bao hiem xd hdi, kich thich chuyen dich kinh te' dffdc thifc hidn thanh cdng, nen kinh te' vdn cd the chuyin dich ve vi tri tilm nang tru'dc khi cd dich, tang trifdng 7% vd lam phat 4%.
Vide hieu rd vd danh gid tae ddng eua tffng cdng cu chinh sach se Id ed sd de dffa ra nhffng chinh sach cd dinh hffdng cu the ffng phd vdi dai dieh, trdnh tinh trang cdc bidn phdp chinh sach khong rd mue tieu, Iam md't niem lin ciia ngifdi ddn va cdng dong doanh nghiep, khdng dat mue lieu dn dinh va phat t r i e n . •
TAILIEUTHAMKHAO — 1. Thii tffdng Chinh phu (2020). Chi thi sd 11/CT-TTg, ngdy 04/03/2020 ve cdc nhiem vu, gidi
phdp cdp bdch thdo gd khd khdn cho sdn xudt kinh doanh, bdo ddm an sinh xa hgi dng phd vdi dich covid-19
2. Keynes, J. M. (1936). The General Theoiy of Employment, Interest, and Money, London:
Maemillan
3. The Economist (2020). The pandemic - The virus is coming: Governments hove an enonnous amount of work to do, access to https ://wwu/. economist.com/leaders/2020/02/27/the-virus-is-coming
