THirC nEN PHAP LUAT
QUYEN TIEP CAN THONG TIN DICH BENH COVID - 1 9
D i n m g V d n Q u y
ThS. Phan hl^u Tn/6ng Dai hgc Luat Ha Noi tai tinh Oak Ldk.
ThSng tin b i i viet:
Tit khda; Quyen tiep c ^ thdng tin;
djch C o v i d - 19.
Lfch sir bdi viet;
N h ^ bii ; 30/03/2020 Bien t$p ; 09/042020 Duyptbii ; 10/04/2020
Djch b?nh Covid - 19 l i bpnh truyen nhiem nhdm A, nguy co d miic dp khSn cap t o i n cau. Bao dam quyen tiep cgn thdng lin djch b?nh la mpt trong nhihig nguyen tac h i n g dau trong phdng. chong b^nh truyen nhiem. Bii viet phan tich npi dung quy^n tigp c ^ thong tin ve djch b?nh Covid - 19 d nude ta hipn nay.
Article Inromation:
Key words: Right of information access. Covid -19
Article History:
Received Edited Approved
30 Mar. 2020 09 Apr. 2020 10 Apr. 2020
Abstract:
The Covid - 19 is a communicable disease in category A as a global emergency risk. Ensuring the right to access to disease infonnation is one of the crucial principles in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. This article provides analysis of the contents of the right to information access on Covid-19 in our country.
1. Cff sd phdp 1;^ cQa quyin tiep c^n thdng tin djch Covid - 19
Tiep cgn thong lin (TCTT) la viec dgc, xem, nghe, ghi chep, sao chep, chyp thdng tin'. Ngdy 11/3 (toi U/3 theo gid Viet Nam), To chiic Y le thd gidi da chinh thiic tuydn bd sy bung phdt cua dich benh Covid - 19 gay ra Id dgi djch loan cdu^. Vi djch bdnh Covid- 19 la mgt can bgnh biing phdt vd lay lan trdn phgm vi tgdn the gidi ndn khi xem xet co sd
phdp ly quydn TCTT djch bdnh Covid -19, phdi dua trdn hai phuang didn: qudc td vd Viet Nam.
Thii- nhdt, ve phuang didn qudc te, quydn TCTT dugc ghi nhan la mdt trong nhirng quydn co ban ciia con ngudi, thugc nhdm quydn dan sy - chinh trj. Dd chinh la cdc quydn tu do thdng tin dugc ghi nhan trong hai vdn kidn phdp ly quoc te cua Lidn hgp qudc Id Tuydn ngdn the gidi vd quydn
1 Khoin 3, Dieu 2 Lu$t Tikp c|in thong tin nam 2016.
2 http://baochinhphu.vn/Tin-noi-bat/WHO-tuyen-bo-COVID 19-1 ngay 12/3/2020.
-dai-dich-toan-cau/3 89702.vgp, truy cap
S6 9(409) - T5/2020\^ L A P P H A P
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con ngudi nam 1948 vd Cdng udc qudc te \ e cdc quydn ddn su vd chinh trj nam 1966.
Theo Hgi ddng Nhdn quyen Lidn hgp qudc.
mgi ngudi cd quydn TCTT md cdc co quan cdng quydn nam giii, cdc thdng tin dd bao gdm ca cdc dgng hd so nhu ve hinh thiic luu trir, ngudn tin va ngay xdc lap. ( ^ y e n TCTT bao gdm quydn cua truyen thdng dugc tidp cgn thdng tin vd cdc van dd cdng, quydn cua cdng chiing ndi chung dugc tidp nhdn san phdm Iruyen thdng, quyen cua ca nhdn dugc biel cdc CO quan cdng quyen, cd nhan hay td chiic ndo kidm sodt, cd thd kidm sodt dir ligu cd nhan ciia minh (khd 18). Vdi dgc didm Id mgt dgi djch lodn cau, thi tdt ca mgi ngudi ddu dugc quyen TCTT lidn quan den djch b?nh Covid - 19 dd cung thyc hi?n cdc gidi phap, nhi^m vy phdng, chdng djch bgnh chung.
Thti' hai, a phuong di?n phdp ludt Viet Nam: Phdp lugt Vigt Nam hign nay co ban ghi nhgn day dii quyen TCTT cua cdng dan.
- CJuyen TCTT dugc vdn bdn cd higu lyc phap ly cao nhdt Id Hien phap nam 2013 ghi nhan: "Cong ddn co quyin tu do ngdn lugn.
tu do bdo chi, tiep can thong tin. hpi hpp, lap hpi. biiu linh. Vipc thuc hien cdc quyen ndy do phdp ludt quy dinh " (Didu 25). Bdn canh dd, Hien phap ndm 2013 quy djnh: "Mpi ngudi cd quyen dupc bdo vp, chdm soc siec khde. binh ddng trong vipc sir dung cdc dich vu y ti vd cd nghTa vu thuc hipn cdc quy dinh vi phdng bpnh. khdm benh, chica bpnh ".
Quydn TCTT la quyen co bdn ciia cdng ddn, Id CO sd de thuc hi?n cdc quyen khdc ciia cdng ddn. Khi cdng ddn dugc thdng tin chinh xac. ddy dii, kjp thdi ve dich b?nh se giup cho hg ty bdo \ e. cham sdc sue khde cho ban thdn, cd nhirng bidn phdp phdng. chdng djch bdnh phii hgp.
- Ludt TCTT nam 2016, quy djnh thdng tin lidn quan ddn lgi ich cdng cgng, sue khde cua cgng ddng phai dugc cdng khai (diem n, C 4 [NOHllN cuu I
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khoan 1, Dieu 17). Lugt phdng. chdng b?nh truydn nhiem ndm 2007 cung Nii*;' ' ' ' " " ' thdng tm, gido dye, truydn thdng. gi^|" ^f b?nh truydn nhidm Id bign phap chu yeu trong phdng bgnh. Ben cgnh dd. cdng khai, chinh xdc, kip ibdi thdng tin \ u- djch ciing Id mgt nguyen ldc trong phdng. chdng bgnh truydn nhidm. (Jua dd, chiing ta thay rd dugc tam quan trgng cua quydn TCTT la nguyen tic hang ddu, bign phdp chu yeu dd phdng ngua djch bgnh.
2. Quyen tiep cdn thSng tin djch b^nh Covid - 19 d Vl?t Nam hifn nay
r/iii- nhdt, trdch nhigm cung cap thdng tin: Dieu 12 Lugt Phdng, chong bgnh truyin nhiem ndm 2007 quy djnh trdch nhigm thdng tin vd phdng, chdng bgnh truyen nhiem nhu sau:
"1. Ca quan. td chicc, dan vi vu trang nhdn ddn trong phgm vi nhipm vu, quyen hgn ciia minh cd trdch nhipm thdng tin, gido di^c, truyin thdng vi phong, chong benh truyen nhiem.
2. Bp Y ti CO trdch nhipm chu tri, phoi hpp vai cdc ca quan cd liin quan trong vipc cung cdp chinh xdc vd kip thdi thong tin vi benh truyen nhiem.
3. Bp Thdng tin vd Truyen thdng co trdch nhipm chi dgo cdc ca quan thong tin dgi chimg thu&ng xuyen thong tin, tniyen thdng vi phdng, chdng benh truyin nhiem, long ghep chuang trinh phong, chong bpnh tniyin nhiem v&i cdc chirong trinh thong tin, truyen thong khdc.
4. Bp Gido dgc vd Ddo tgo co trdch nhipm chu tri, phdi hpp v&i BQ Y ti Bp Lao dpng, Thuang binh vd Xa hpi, cdc bp, ca quan ngang bp cd lien quan xdy dung npi dung gido due phdng. chong bpnh truyin nhiim kit hprp vai cdc npi dung g/^^ ^^^
khdc.
5. Uy ban nhdn ddn cdc cap cd t^^^j^
nhipm chi dgo, td chiec thirc hiin cong tdc thdng tin, gido due. truyen thdng ve phdng, chdng bpnh truyin nhiim cho nhdn dan dia phuang.
6. Cdc ca quan thong tin dgi chiing co trdch nhipm uu tien vi thai diim, thdi lupmg phdt sdng di thdng tin, gido due, truyen
thdng ve phdng, chong benh truyen nhiim trin ddi phdt thanh. ddi truyen hinh; dung lupng vd vj tri dang trin bdo in, bdo hinh.
bdo dipn tic theo quy dfnh cua Bp Thdng tin vd Truyin thdng. Vipc thong tin, gido dgc, tniyen thong ve phdng. chdng bpnh truyin nhiim trin cdc phuang tipn thong tin dgi chiing khdng thu phi, trie truang hcrp thuc hipn theo hpp dong rieng v&i chuang trinh, du dn hogc do td chuc. cd nhdn trong nu&c, nuac ngodi tdi trpt".
Nhu vgy, chi nhiing co quan, td chuc, don vj theo quy djnh tren cd tham quydn xay dyng, cimg cap thdng tin lidn quan den dich b?nh Covid - 19. Day Id nhirng co quan, td chiic, don vj tgo ra thdng tin hogc nhdn dugc thdng tin tii cdc co quan nhd nude de thyc hi?n chiic ndng, nhigm vy, quyen ban do phdp lugt quy dinh. Thdng lin tii nhung ca quan, td chuc, don vi cd dugc, ddu dugc ngudi cd thim quydn ciia co quan nha nude tgo ra thdng tin ky, ddng dau hodc xdc nhgn bang van bdn. Dd se la nhung thdng tin chinh thlic dugc cung cap cho ngudi dan. Nhiing thdng tin lidn quan ddn djch bdnh Covid -19 khdng phdi do co quan, td chuc, don vj ndu tren cung cdp deu la khdng chinh thiic.
Thu hai, chu the thyrc hign quyen TCTT:
Luat TCTT nam 2016 quy djnh chii thd thuc hidn quyen TCTT Id cdng dan, bao gdm cd cdng dan Viet Nam dang djnh cu d nude ngodi (Dieu 4), ngudi nude ngodi cu tni tgi
THLfC TIEN PHAP LUAT Viet Nam cd quydn ydu cau cung cdp nhung thdng tin cd hen quan tryc tiep den quydn va nghia vu cua hg (khodn 1, Didu 36), Luat Phdng, chdng bgnh truydn nhidm nam 2007 quy djnh mgi ngudi ddu dugc TCTT vd phdng, chdng bdnh truyen nhidm (khoan 1, Dieu 10). Thi^c tien phdng, chdng bgnh djch Covid - 19 cho thdy, quy djnh ciia phdp lugt nude ta vd quydn TCTT lien quan ddn dich bdnh Id hodn todn phii hgp, ddp iing dugc yeu cau cua xa hgi vd ngudi dan.
Thu ba, ngi dung thdng tin dugc tidp cgn bao gdm:
"I. Duong loi, chd truang cua Ddng, chinh sdch, phdp lugt cita Nhd nuac ve phdng, chong bpnh tniyen nhiim.
2. Nguyin nhdn, du&ng lay truyen. cdch nhdn biit bpnh vd cdc bipn phdp phdng, chdng bpnh truyen nhiem.
3. Hdu qud cua binh truyin nhiim doi v&i sue khoi. tinh mgng con ngu&i vd phdt trien kinh te-xa hpi cua ddt nu&c.
4. Trdch nhipm cua caquan. to chicc, cd nhdn trong phdng, chong bpnh truyen nhiim "^.
Kd ttr khi cd thdng tin djch bgnh Covid-19 xdy ra tai Trung Qaoc, ldy lan ra 18 quoc gia va vung lanh thd ddn nay, Bg Chinh tri. Ban Bi thu, Thudng tryc Ban Bi thu, Thu tudng Chinh phii da cd nhidu van bdn chi dao, huy ddng sy vdo cudc cua loan he thdng chinh trj, su tham gia cua loan dan chdng han nhu chi dao ciia Ban Bi thu Trung uang Ddng tgi Cdng van sd 79-CV/TW ngay 30/01/2020;
chi dao ciia Thu tudng Chinh phu tai Chi thi sd 05/CT-TTg ngdy 28/01/2020 ve phdng, chdng dich benh vidm dudng hd hap cap do chung mdi cua vi nil Corona gay ra; Chi thj
3 Dieu 9 Luiit Phdng, chong bpnh truyen nhiem nam 2007.
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so 06/ CT-TTg ngd) 31/01 /2020 ve vigc tang cudng cdc bign phdp phdng, chdng trudc cdc dien bidn phiic lap mdi ciia djch bdnh vidm dudng hd hdp cdp do chung mdi ciia vi nil Corona gay ra; Cdng dign so 121/CD-TTg ngdy 23/01/2020; Cdng didn sdl56/CD-TTg ngdy 02/02/2020 vd vigc lang cudng phdng, chdng djch bgnh vidm dudng hd hdp cdp do chung mdi ciia vi nit Corona gay ra; Quydt djnh sd 173/QD-TTg ngdy 01/02/2020 cua Thu mdng Chinh phu ve vigc cdng bd djch Covid - 19 trong dd cd ndu ten djch bgnh, thdi gian xay ra djch; dia didm vd quy md xdy ra djch, nguyen nhan, tinh chat, miic dg nguy hidm cua djch, dudng lay, cdc bidn phdp phdng, chong djch, cdc co sd khdm, chiia bgnh; Cdng van 164/TTg-KGVX ngay 03/02/2020 lang cudng phdng, chdng djch do nCoV gdy ra; Chi thj so 13/CT-TTg vd viec tiep tyc ddy mgnh phdng, chdng djch COVID-19 h-ong tinh hinh mdi; Chi thj sd 15/CT-TTg ciia Thu tudng Chinh phii vd quyel ligt thyc hign dgt cao didm phdng, chong djch Covid ~ 19, vd rat nhidu cdc chi dgo ciia Bg Y Id ciing nhu cua cac co quan lien quan d trung uong va timg dia phuang.
Thu tu, ben cgnh nhiing thdng tin dugc tiep cgn, phap lugt hi?n hdnh cung quy dinh mgl sd gidi han quydn TCTT. Myc dich cua gidi hgn ndy nhdm tranh gay nguy hgi ddn tinh mgng. cugc sdng hogc tdi san cua ngudi khdc. Thdng rin lien quan den ngudi mac bgnh Covid - 19 phdi giir bi mar", ndn mgi ngudi muon TCTT cua nhung ngudi nay thi phai dugc su ddng y cua hg*. Trong qua trinh thyc hign chiic nang, nhiem vy, quyen han cua minh, ngudi diing ddu ca quan nhd nude
dong khdng quydt djnh vigc cung cap thdng tin hen q ^^^^
den bi mat ca nhan trong trudng hgp can ^ ' vi lgi ich cdng cgng, sue khde cua ^^"^ . theo quy djnh ciia lugt cd lidn quan ma kn cdn cd sy ddng y* cua ngudi bgnh. Do a , v ngudi md TCTT ciia ngudi bgnh khi chua cd sy dong y cua hg hogc chua dugc co quan nhd nude cd thdm quydn cung cdp theo quy dinh, thi dugc coi Id \i phgm phdp luat vd phdi chiu trach nhigm ve hdnh vi cua minh.
Thir ndm, cac hdnh vi bi nghiem cam doi vdi ngudi thyc hign quydn TCTT: Lugt TCTT nam 2016 quy djnh cdc hdnh vi bj nghiem cdm ddi vdi ngudi thyc hign quyen TCTT bao gdm: "htiy hogi thong tin; ldm gid thdng tin; sudung thdng tin di chdng lgi Nhd nu&c Cpng hoa xa hpi chu nghia Vipt Nam, phd hogi chinh sdch dodn ket, kich dpng bgo luc; sir dgng thdng tin nhdm xuc phgm danh du. nhdn phdm. uy tin. gdy ky thi vi giai, gdy thipt hgi ve tdi sdn cua cd nhdn, ca quan, td chiec; Cdn tra, de dpa, tru dgp ngu&i yeu cdu, ngu&i cung cdp thong tin "'.
Day la nhimg hanh vi ma cdc cd nhan {cdng dan Viet Nam, ngudi nude ngodi, ngudi khdng qudc tich) bj nghiem cam. Neu cd nhan nao vi phgm, thuc hign hanh vi bj cam neu trdn thi se phai chiu trdch nhigm theo quy dinh cua phdp luat. Tiiy theo muc dg vi phgm, trach nhidm phap ly ddt ra ddi vdi ngudi vi pham phdp luat vd quyen TCTT cd thd la trach nhiem hanh chinh, trach nhigra dan sy, trach nhidm hmh su. Mgt hdnh vi vi phgm phap luat cd thd chju mgt hoac nhidu loai trdch nhigm phap ly. Trong do, trach nhigm hinh sy la logi trdch nhi^m phdp ly nang nhdt va nghidm khac nhat g
4 Khoan 3, Di^u 33 Lull Phdng, chong bpnh Uuy£n nhiem nSm 2007 5 Khoan 2. Di^u 7 Lu?! Tiep c|n ihdng tin nam 2016.
6 Khoan 3, Dieu 7 Lu^i Tiep c^n thdng tin nam 2016.
7 Di^u 11 Lu|t Tiep c^n thdng tin nam 2016.
M
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