TAP Cll C i n Tiniic
QUYEN TIEP CAN THONG TIN TRONG HOAT DQNG LAP PHAP
• LE THI HONG HANH
TOM T.\T:
Trong ITnh vu'c xav di/ng phdp luSl. quyen tiep can thong tin difdc chi tiet hod tiTdng doi ro tliong! qua hC th6'ng cdc quy djnh irong Lu-ii Ban hSnh van ban quy pham phdp lual ndm 2015 vil cdc v5n bin hiTdng dan thi hinh.
Bill \ ICI t§p trung phan lich. lam ro khai nicm quyen tiep c5n lh6ng tin trong hogl d^ng ISp phdp vil cdc quy djnh phdp luat hicn hdnh nh^ni bao dam quyen tiep cgn thong tin trong ITnh vi/c ndy.
Tif khod: Qu>cn tiep cin thong tin. lap phdp. \ay dtfng phdp luat.
1. Dill Mi'nd^
QusLii tit-p can ihony tin lil quy^n cd ban cua c6ng ddn ihuyc nh6m quyen dan sir - chinh iri da dififc ghi nhan tren the gidl Tai \ ici N.iiii quyen difdc thiing tm cua cc>ng dan. to chi'fc du'de the hien trong nhieu chu trtfdng. chinh sich cua Dang va difdc hicn dinh irnng Hien phap niim 19^2. Hicn phdp ndm 2013. Quven nii> cung du'cfc the hien lai nhieu \.in ban quy pham phdp luat cOu NhJ nu'dc trong cac Itnh vdc khac nhau ve quy hoaeh. \ii\
difng. dd't dai. \ e sinh an loan thu'c pha'm. chi lieu ngan ^ach.., dac h\ci la Mf cu the hod trong Luat Tiep can thdng tin niim 2016.
Lual Ban hiinh vdn ban quy pham phdp luat ndm 2015 dd bu'dc dau cd nhifng quy dinh nhdm dam bao quyen tiep can ihong iin rrong \a\ difng phdp lual ndi chung. ciing nhif trong hoat dpng lap phdp nm rieng.
2. Khai quat chun<i; ^e (ju>en tie'p can thong tin trtm}^ hoi^t dpng tap phdp
Khai mC'ni quyen tiep can thong tin difctc hieu la qu\ en 6d^^c tiep can cdc thong tin dang du'de cac cd
quan cong quyen quan ly. kiem sodt de lh6a man nhu cau trong cupc song hay de bdc ve va ihdc hien cac quyen khac difcfc phap lual ghi nhan. Thong tin iheo cdch hieu trong "Cdc nguyen tcic ccf bdn ciia Uidt Tudo llwng lin" do to chu'c ARTICALE 19
\a\ difng, bao gom ta't ca cdc tai lieu difcfc ndm giif bdi mpl so to chu'c, cd quan nao do. Thong tin khong phan biet hinh thu'c va cdch thu'c du'de lifli iriJ. nguon goc thong tin va ngay san xua't. Theo do, quyen tie'p can thong tin bao gom: quyen du'de xem cac Idc pham, lai lieu, ho sd, du'de ghi chep, trich dan. sao chup cac tai lieu, ho sd do, du'de ihu ihap thong lin dddi dang cdc dia mem. the nhd hoae bat k> dang thig'lbi dien ttf nao...'
O Viel Nam. quyen tiep can thong lin difdc hie'n dinh trong nhdm quyen cd ban cua con ngifdi. cong dan tai Di^u 25. Hien phdp 2013 "Cong dan co quyen ty do ngon ludn. tu' do bdo chi, ttf do tie'p cdn ihong tin, hpi hop, lap hgi. bieu tinh. Viec thtfc hien cac quyen nay do phap lual quy djnh". Hien nay cung khong co nhieu tranh luan \ e khdi niem cua quyen tiep can thong tin mdc dil ve ten gpi
So 8 - Thcjng 4/2020
irong phdp luat cdc nifdc, van ban quoc te khong hoan toan gio'ng nhau. "Theo nghia hep nhd't quyen tiep cdn thong tin la quyin cua moi cd nhdn doi vdi viec xem .xei hodc sao ehiip cdc ldi lieu duoc cdc ccf quan nhd nudc ndm gid; Quyen liS'p can thong I'm theo nghia rong nhd't bao qudt cd quyen tu do the hien y kien vd thdng tin qua viec lif do tim kiem.
lie'p nhdn va iruyen bd Ihong tin"^.
Tren cd .sd hie'n djnh, quyen tie'p can Ihong tin ngay cang difdc the hien ro net hdn tren cac ITnh VLfc khac nhau, thong qua cdc dao lual cu the. Tai Dieu 2, Luat tie'p can thong tin 2016^ da giai Ihich m0t so' tif ngiJ: "Thong tin la tin, dd lieu ducjc chda dung trong vdn ban, ho scf, tdi lieu cd sdn, ton iai dudi dgng bdn vie't, bdn in, bdn dien td, tranh, dnh, bdn ve, bdng, dta, bdn ghi hlnh, ghi dm hogc cdc dgng khac do cd quan nhd nudc tgo ra"; "Thong lin do ccf quan nha nudc lao ra la tin. dit lieu duac tgo ra Irong qud tr'inh cdquan nha nudc thtfc hien chiic ndng, nhiem VM, quyen hgn theo quy clink cua phdp ludt, duac ngUcfi cd thdm quyen cua ca quan nhd nUdc dd k)', ddng dd'u hogc xdc nhgn bang vdn bdn "
vd "ti^p can ihong tin la viec doc, xem, nghe, ghi chep, sao chep, chup thdng tin".
Nhif vay, khai niem quyen tie'p can thong tin khdng phai la khai niem mdi. Tinh than cua quyen tie'p can thdng tin chinh la sd cong khai hda cac hoat ddng, cdc ihong tin do Nha nddc ndm giif do'i vdi cong chiing.
Quyen tiep can thong tin trong hoal dpng lap phdp dtfcfc hieu la quyen difdc tie'p can vdi cdc thong tin ve chinh sach trong giai doan de nghi xdy difng ludt. ve dif thao cac quy pham phap lual, ve van ban lual du'de thong qua trong suo't quy irinh xay du'ng mOt luat. bo luat cu the. Chu the du'de hu'dng quyen chinh la mpi cong dan, chu ihe co trdch nhiem cung cap ihong lin la cdc cd quan nha mfdc chju irdch nhiem trong cdc bifdc ciia quy trinh lap phdp. Theo dd, cong dan du'de quyen tie'p can vd phan hoi vdi cdc thong tin tif cd quan nha nu'dc trong ca giai doan lap de nghi xay difng lual. giai doiinsoan thao dtf an luat va difdc tie'p can khi van bdn iuat dd du'de Quo'c hpi Ihong qua.
Viec bao dam quyen tiep can ihong tin trong hoat dpng lap phap la mpt nhiem vu bat bupc.
nhdm hien thi^c hod quyen tie'p can Ihong tin cua cong dan da difdc hie'n dinh trong Hid'n phap 2013.
Bao dam quyen tiep can ihong tin trong hoat dpng lap phdp cd y nghia quan trpng irong stf phal irien da'lnu'dc, gdp ph^n thuc day sifcongbang, danchu trong xd hpi. gdp phan cung co' md'i quan he gitfa Nhd nu'dc va xa hpi.
Viec bao dam quyen tie'p can thdng tin trong hoat dpng lap phap cung Iam tang tinh hieu qua, minh bach va trdch nhiem giai trinh cua cd quan nha nifdc chju trdch nhiem irong quy irinh lap phdp. Tif viec bao dam quyen nay ciing gdp phan nang cao chd't lu'dng cua cdc lual khi ngu'di dan du'de tie'p can ihong lin, lam tien de cho viec du'a ra y kie'n phan bien chinh sdch. Quyen nay cung cd the mang lai Ipi ich cho Chinh phu, qua viec dem lai sif minh bach va cdi md trong qua trinh xay difng chinh sdch phap ludt va cai ihien 16ng lin cua cdng chung dd'i vdi cdc hoat dong cua Chinh phu, bdi le Chinh phii Id chii lhi chiu trdch nhiem de xua'l, xay difng hdn 90% luat du'de Quo'c hoi Ihong qua.
3. Quy dinh phap luat hi^n hanh ve quyen tie'p can thdng tin trong boat dpng lap phap
Quyen tiep can ihdng lin trong hoat dong lap phdp dddc suy ra tif quy dinh cua Hie'n phap 2013 vd chu ye'u difdc the che hod, chi liet hoa trong Lual Ban hdnh van bdn quy pham phap ludt nam 2015 (Luat BHVBQPPL ndm 2015). Mdl so npi dung cung da du'de de cap tdi irong Luat Tie'p can thong tin ndm 2016.
Ngay tai Dieu 5, Luat BHVBQPPL 2015 khi xac dinh cac nguyen tac xay du'ng van ban quy pham phdp ludi da neu ro. phai "6. Bao dam cdng khai, dan chu Irong viec tie'p nhan, phan hoi y kien. kie'n nghi cua cd nhan, cd quan, id chu'c irong qua trinh xay difng. ban hdnh vdn ban quy pham phap luat,". Day du'de xem la mdl nguyen tde lhe hien rd tinh than cua quyen tiep can thong tin trong hoat dpng xay difng phdp ludt ndi chung, do id ye'u id'cong khai, dan chij.
Dd'i vdi quy trinh xay dyng luat theo Lual BHVBQPPL 2015. luat la mdt trong sd'cac van ban quy pham phdp ludt phai trai qua quy irinh gom hai giai doan doc lap, la: lap de nghi xdy difng
So 8-Tha;';ij^.'.
LUAT
irong phap luai cac nifdc, van ban quoc le khong hoan toan gid'ng nhau. "Theo nghia hep nha't quyin liep can thong tin Id quvin cda mdi cd nhdn doi vdi vi^c xem .xei hodc sao chup cdc tai lieu duoc cdc ca quan nhd nudc ndm gid; Quyen tie'p can thdng tin theo nghta rong nhd't bao qudt cd quyin tif do the hien y kien vd thdng tin qua viec tu do tim kiem, tie'p nhgn vd truyen bd thong tin "-.
Tren cd sd hie'n dinh, quyen tie'p can ihdng tin ngdy cans du'de the hien ro net hdn tren cac ITnh VLfc khac nhau, thdng qua cdc dao lual cu the. Tai Dieu 2. Luat liep can thdng lin 2016^ da giai ihich mpt so ttf ngO: "Thong tin la tin, dd lieu dugc chda dung trong vdn bdn, ho sa, tdi lieu co sdn, ton tgi dudi dgng bdn vie'l, ban in, bdn dien td, Iranh, dnh.
bdn ve. bdng. dia. bdn ghi ldnh. ghi dm hogc cdc dgng khac do ca quan nha nudc [go ra"; "Thdnglin do ca quan nhd nudc tgo ra Id fin. di7 lieu duac tgo ra trong qud irinh caquan nhd nudc thuc hien chdc ndng, nhiem vu. quyen hgn theo quy dinh cua phdp lugt. difgc ngudi co thdm quyen ciia ca quan nhd nudc do ky. ddng dd'u hogc .xdc nhgn bdng vdn bdn"
vd "tie'p can ihdng tin Id viec dgc. xem, nghe, ghi chep, sao chep, chup llwng tin"
Nhif \'ay. khdi niem quyen tie'p can ihdng tin khong phai la khdi niem mdi. Tinh than cua quyen tid'p can thdng tin chinh la str cdng khai hda cdc hoat dpng, cdc ihong tin do Nha nu'dc ndm giiJdd'i vdi cong chung.
Quyen tiep can Ihdng tin trong hoal ddng lap phdp difdc hieu la quyen difdc tie'p can vdi cdc thong tin ve chinh sdch irong giai doan de nghi xay difng ludt, ve du' thao cdc quy pham phap luat. ve
\an ban luat difdc thdng qua irong sud't quy tnnh
\a\ di/ng mdt iuat. bd lual cu the. Chu the dtfdc hu'dng quyen chinh Id mgi cdng dan, chu the cd trach nhidm cung cd'p thong tin la cac cd quan nha nu'dc chiu trdch nhiem trong cdc bu'dc ciia quy tnnh lap phdp. Theo dd, cdng dan difdc quyen lie'p can
\ a phan hoi vdi cdc ihong tin tif cd quan nha nifdc trong ca giai doan lap de nghi xay difng luat, giai doan soan thao dd dn lual va difdc tiep can khi van ban luat da difdc Qudc hdi thdng qua.
Viec bao dam quyen lie'p can thong tin trong hoal ddng lap phap la mdt nhiem vij bdt budc.
nhdm hien thyc hod quyen tiep can thdng tin cua cong dan da du'de hie'n dinh trong Hie'n phdp 2013.
Bao dam quyen tie'p can thdng tin trong hoat ddng lap phap cd y nghTa quan irgng irong sy phdt trien da'inifdc. gdp phan thuc day sy cong bang, danchu trong xa hpi, gdp phan ciing cd' md'i quan he giifa Nha nudc va xa hpi.
Viec bao dam qu\ en tie'p can thdng tin trong hoat dgng lap phdp cung lam idng iinh hieu qua, minh bach va trach nhiem giai irinh cua cd quan nha nudc chiu trach nhiem irong quy trinh lap phdp. Tif viec bao dam quyen nay cung gdp phan nang cao chat lu'dng cua cac luat khi ngifdi dan du'de lie'p can thdng tin, lam lien de cho viec difa ra y kie'n phdn bien chinh sdch. Quyen ndy cung cd lhe mang lai ldi ich cho Chinh phu, qua viec dem lai sy minh bach va cdi md trong qua trinh xay dyng chinh sach phdp luat \a cai thien Idng tin cua cdng chung dd'i vdi cdc hoat ddng cua Chinh phu, bdi le Chinh phu la chu the chiu trdch nhiem de xua'l. xdy dyng hdn 90% luat du'de Quo'c hdi thdng qua.
3. Quy dinh phap luat hien hanh ve quyen tid'p cdn thdng tin trong hoat dpng lap phap
Quyen tie'p can thdng lin irong hoat dgng lap phdp du'de suy ra tif quy dinh cua Hie'n phap 2013 va chii ye'u dtfdc the che hod. chi tie't hod trong Luat Ban hanh van ban quy pham phap luat nam 2015 (Lual BHVBQPPL nam 2015). Mdl so ndi dung cung da difdc de cap tdi trong Lual Tie'p can thdng tin nam 2016.
Ngay lai Dieu 5. Luat BHVBQPPL 2015 khi xdc dinh cac nguyen lac xay dUng van ban quy pham phap lual da neu ro. phai "6. Bao dam cdng khai. dan chu irong viec lie'p nhan. phan hoi y kie'n. kie'n nghi cua ca nhdn. cd quan. to chifc trong qua Irinh xay dung, ban hdnh vdn ban quy pham phap luat.". Day difdc xem la mdt nguyen tac the hien ro tinh than cua quyen tie'p can thdng lin trong boat ddng xay dyng phdp luat ndi chung. dd la ye'u id'cdng khai. dan chu.
Dd'i vdi quy trtnh xay dyng luat iheo Luat BHVBQPPL 2015. luat la mdt trong sd'cac van ban quy pham phap luat phai trai qua quy trinh gom hai giai doan dpc lap. la: lap de nghj xay ddng
So8-Thcfing4/2020
chinh sjch \a Noan Ihao di/ an luat. Miit trona nhtTng dieni mdi quan trpng cua Lual ndm 2015 Id bu'dc dau cd sy tdch bach giO'a qu> trinh \av dyng chinh sdch vdi quy trinh soan thao \BQPPL. Diem nha'n ctia quy trinh \a> dyng chinh vach u^ong Luat ndm 2015 do Id trdch nhiem ciia cdc cd quan. id' chtfc phai iicn hanh ddnh gia tac dpng ciia tyng chinh sdch trong dc nghj \a\ dyng \ BQPPL.
Theo dd. quyen iie'p can thdng tin trong hoat dgng ldp phap du'de cu the hod trong la't ca cac giai doan ty khi IJp de nghi \dy dyng ludt cho den khi dy thao dUdc Ihdng qua, Iuat difdc cdng bd'chinh thtfc.
3.1. Thifc trgng quy djnh phdp lugt ve quyen tie'p cdn thdng tin trong hogt dgng lgp phdp
3.1.1. IJu\en ticp cdn ihdng lin r/o/ii; ,i;i</i dogn de nghi ^dy dtfng ludi
Mdl yeu cau bdt bugc Irong giai doan de nghj .\a> dyng luat dd Id chu the chju trdch nhiem sO phiii cdng khai thdng tin dc mgi ngtfdi dan difdc hici \a cho \ kien. Theo quy dinh hien nay, Chii Ijch nudc. V\ ban thifdng \u Qudc hdi. Hdi dong dan Idc. V\ ban cOa QutVc hpi, Chinh phu. Tda an nhan dan idi cao. \'icn kieni sal nhdn ddn Id'i cao, Kicm loan nhd ntfdc, UN ban trung tfdng Mat tran To qudc \'icl Nam vii cd quan trung tfdng cila to chtfc Ihdnh \ ien ihudc Mat tran cd quyen trinh dtf an ludt infdc Qudc hpi thi cd qu\cn de nghi va\
dtfng lual (Dieu 32 Lual BHVBQPPL 2015). Dd'i
\dic.icdif an lual do Chinh phu de vud't xdy du'ng.
iii\ IIK-O Itfng ITnh vyc chu_\en ngdnh se do Bo.
nganh chu qudn linh \irc do chju trdch nhiem chil tri \.i> dtfng lual.
Tai Dieu 36. Luat BHVBQPPL 2015. khi quy dinh \ c van de la> \ kie'n dd'i vdi de nghi \a\ dtfng ludi da vac djnh cu the trach nhiem ciia cd quan, to chtfc. dai hieu Quo'c hdi lap de nghi xdy dyng luat cung chinh Id nhffng chil the chiu irdch nhiem cung cap thdng tin. Theo dd. cdc chil the lap dc nghi \a\
dyng luat phai dang iai hao cao td'ng ke'i, bdo cdo ddnh gia tac dting ciia chinh sdch trong de nghi xav dung luat tren Cd'ng ihdng tin dien tu-ciia Quo'c hdi ddi \di de nghi \a> dyng luai cua Uy ban thtfdng vu Qudc hdi. Hc>i dong dan tpc. U> ban cua Quoc hpi. dai bieu Quo'c hdi: Cd'ng ihdng tin dien id cua
Chinh phii dd'i vdi de nghi \av dyng ludt ciia Chinh phii, Cd'ng thdng tin dien lif ciia cd quan, to chtfc c6 d e n a h i \ a \ dyngluat. Thdi gian dang tiii it nha't Id 30 ngay.
Sau qud trinh lay y kie'n. cdc chii lhe de nghj
\a\ dyng ludt phai long hdp. nghien ctfu, giai trinh.
tiep thu cdc V kie'n gdp >: tiep tuc ddng lai bdo cdo giai trinh, tid'p thu irdn Cd'ng thdng lin didn tu* da dtfdc qu\ dinh de mpi ngtfdi dan d^u dtfdc bid't.
Nhir \ jv nga> trong giai doan dau lien nay. cdng ddn da dtfdc tiep can thdng tm \di lodn vdn hd sd de nghj \ay dtfng ludt difdc dang tai cdng khai irdn Cd'ng Ihdng tin dien ttf.
3.1.2. Quven iiep cgn ihdng lin trong gicn dogn .soon ihdo dt/dn lugt
Dieu 57. Luat BHVBQPPL 2015 quy djnh ve npi dung Id'y y kid'n dd'i vdi dtf thao luat. Chu thd' chju trdch nhiem cung cd'p ihdng tin vd to chtfc hoat ddng lay y kie'n vdn la cd quan, ddn vi chu tri soan ihao luat. Rieng ddi \ d i d y d n , d y thaododai bieu Qudc hgi soan thao, Vdn phdng Quo'c hgi, Win phdng Dodn dai bieu Qudc hdi, Vien nghien ctfu lap phap se dam nhiem irdch nhiem ndy.
Sau khi cd dtf Ihdo luat, chu the xay dtfng luat phai dang tdi loan vdn dy thao van ban va td trinh tren Cd'ng ihdng tin didn itf quy dinh lai Diem a, khoan 1, Dieu 36 cua Luat nay va cua cd quan, to chtfc chu tri soan thao trong thdi gian il nha't la 60 ngdy. trtf nhtfng vdn ban dUdc ban hanh theo irinh ttf. thu tuc riil ggn, de cdc cdquan, to chtfc, cd nhan gdp y. Trong thdi gian 60 ngay, ne'u cd quan chii tri soan thao chinh ly lai dtf thao vdn ban ma khde vdi dy thao da ddng tai trtfdc dd lhi phai dang lai dy thao vdn ban da dtfdc chinh ly. Dieu nay dam bao cho mgi ngifdi dan deu cd the tid'p can vdi thdng tin ve dy thdo lual trifdc khi luat dtfdc Quo'c hdi hop ban thdng qua. Quy djnh nay ciing ra'l phu hdp vdi quy djnh v^ nhtfng thdng tin phai dtfdc cdng khai tai Dieu 17, Lual Tiep can thdng tin.
Ddng thdi, cd quan, to chtfc chu tri scan thao cd U-ach nhiem long hdp, nghien ctfu, tie'p thu cdc y kidn gdp y vd dang liii npi dung giai trinh, tie'p ihu iren Cd'ng thong tm dien ttf ciia Chinh phii vd Cong thdng iin didn ti^ cua cd quan, to chtfc minh. Nhtf
\ a \ trong qud trinh soan ihaodydn luat, toan van
10 So 8 - Thang 4/2020
LUAT
dtf thdo ludt va bdo cdo giai tnnh tiep ihu y kid'n ctfa nhan dan deu phai dang tai cdng khaidd' mpi ngtfdi ddn cd the dUdc bie't.
3.1.3. Quyen tie'p can thdng tin trong giai dogn xem .xel, thdng qua dif dn lugt vd cong bo lugl
Quo'c hpi xem xdt, thdng qua dtf an luat, dtf thao nghj quye'l tai mpt hodc hai ky hpp Qudc hdi;
trifdng hdp dtf dn lual ldn, nhieu dieu, khoan cd tinh cha't phtfc lap Quo'c hgi cd the xem xet, Ihdng qua lai ba ky hgp (Dieu 73, Ludt BHVBQPPL nam 2015). Cdc dai bieu Qud'e hdi se lie'n hanh thao luan tai phien hpp loan the trtfdc khi bam nul Ihdng qua mdl dtf dn luat. Viec thao luan cila cdc dai bieu tai phien hpp loan lhe cua Qud'e hdi la cdng khai, dtfdc dtfa tin tren Iruyen hlnh, cdng dan cd quyen dtfdc vao dtf thinh tai cdc phien hgp cdng khai cua Quo'c hpi, Iheo dung quy dinh cua Ludt To chtfc Qud'e hdi ndm 2014.
Sau khi dtfdc thdng qua lai Ky hgp cua Qudc hgi, Chu tjch ntfdc chju trdch nhiem cdng bd' luat cham nha'l la 15 ngdy ke ttf ngay luat, phdp lenh dtfdc thdng qua. Dd'i vdi ludi, phap ldnh dtfdc xay dyng, ban hdnh theo ldnh ty, thu tuc rui ggn thi Chu tich nydc cdng bd' luat, phdp lenh chdm nhd'l Id 5 ngay ke ttf ngay luat dtfdc thdng qua (Dieu 80, Luat BHVBQPPL 2015). Quy dinh ve viec dang cdng bao nay cung dtfdc ndi ro irong Luat Tie'p can thdng lin 2016 khi xac djnh van ban quy pham phdp ludt Id loai Ihdng lin phdi dtfdc cdng khai rpng rai (Diem a, khoan 1, Dieu 17).
Viec ddng cdng bdo cung dtfdc quy dinh chi tie't hdn tai Dieu 150, Lual BHVBQPPL 2015, theodd van ban ludt phai dtfdc dang Cdng bdo ntfdc Cdng hda Xa hgi chu nghTa Vidl Nam, trtf trtfdng hdp van ban cd ngi dung Ihudc bi mat nhd ntfdc; cd quan Cdng bdo cd irdch nhidm dang todn van vdn ban ludt trdn Cdng bao va van ban lual dang trdn Cong bdo in vd Cdng bao didn ttf la van ban chinh thtfc, cd gid irj nhtf van ban gd'c.
3.2. Ddnh gid quy dinh phdp lugt hien hdnh ve quyen tie'p can thong tin trong hogt dgng lap phdp Nhin chung. trong cdc giai doan ciia quy Irinh xdy dtfng lual da tinh de'n nhffng quy dinh yeu cau cdquan nha ntfdc chiu trach nhiem cung ca'p thdng tin cho ngtfdi ddn Chu lhe chiu trdch nhiem cdng
khai thdng tin cung da dUdc xdc djnh ro trong ttfng giai doan, dtfdi cdc hinh ihtfc cu the', nhtf dang lai trdn Trang ihdng tin didn ttf ctia cac cd quan, tren cac phtfdng den thdng tm dai chung hodc niem ye'i lai tru sd cd quan nha ntfdc.
Cac Ihdng tin nay dtfdc ddng tai rdng rai va mpi cd quan. Id' chtfc, cd nhdn cd the' tid'p can, khai Ihdc, stf dung theo nhu cau ma khdng cd ba't ky stf gidi han ndo. Phtfdng thtfc cung ca'p thdng lin cung du'de quy dinh minh bach, chu ye'u Id thdng qua hinh thtfc ddng tai iren cac irang thdng tin dien ttf cdng khai. Ve thdi han. thdi gian dang tai cdng khai thdng tin ciing dd dtfdc quy djnh rd vdi itfng hoat ddng cu the.
Nhffng quy djnh nay ve cd ban da tao cd sd phdp ly cho ngtfdi dan dtfdc tie'p can vdi nhtfng thdng tin ke ttf khi cd quan nhd ntfdc cd y djnh xdy dtfng lual cho de'n khi lual dtfdc thdng qua va cd hidu Itfc, bao dam phan nao quyen lie'p can thdng tin cho ngu'di dan trong sud't quy trinh lap phdp.
Dieu nay cho tha'y. Nha ntfdc ta da ngay cang md rdng pham vi ihdng tin, bao ddm td't hdn quyen lid'p can thdng tin cua cdng dan vd ndng cao trdch nhidm cua cdc cd quan nha nddc trong viec bao dam thtfc hien quyen dtfdc thdng lin cua cdng dan.
Viec nay nhdm de chu irtfdng "dan bie'l, dan bdn, ddn lam, ddn kiem tra" di vao cudc sd'ng va nhdn ddn ihtfc hien td't quyen giam sdt cua minh dd'i vdi mpi hoat ddng cua cac cd quan nha ntfdc, trong dd cd boat ddng lap phdp cua Qud'e hdi.
Tuy nhien, nhin nhdn nhffng quy dinh hien hanh cd lhe Iha'y van cdn mgt sd'ton lai can bdn luan them.
Ve phtfdng ihtfc chu ye'u cung cd'p thdng tin dtfdc tie'p can chi la phtfdng thtfc cd quan nha nffdc cdng bd' cdng khai. khdng cd quy dinh ve phtfdng thi'fc cung cap ihdng tin theo yeu cau cua ca nhdn, to' chtfc. Theo dd. khdng he cd cd che'cho trifdng hdp ngudi dan hodc id' chtfc mudn ydu cau cung cd'p ihdng tin irong quy trtnh lap phap ngoai nhffng van ban dtfdc cdng khai tren trang ihdng lin dien ttf nhtf quy dinh. thi cd dtfdc hay khong? Vd ne'u dtfdc se tie'n hdnh nhtf the nao? Day cung Id tinh trang chung dd'i vdi cdc quy dinh phap luat ve quyen liep can thdng tin trong cdc ITnh vtfc khac nhau. Dd Id,
So8-Thc3ng4/2020 11
chifj chli irgng den quyen dtfdc chu ddng yeu cau cung v.ip thong tin cua cdn^ dan. co rat it quy djnh ve cdche'de ngifdi dan thtfc hien quyen >eu cau cung cap thdng tin.
Vice cung cap thdnglin trong mpi sd boat ddng ratquan trgng, dd la tha'm dmh \a iham tra ddi vdi de nghl \a> difng ludt vd dy thao luat thi lai chtfa difdc dc cap de'n. Bao cao tham dinh vd bdo cdo thd'm tra cUa cd quan chiu trdch nhiem tham djnh.
Iha'm tra lieu cd ciin phai ddng tai cdng khai Irdn Irang ihdng tin dien iff ciia nhtfng cdquan ndy hay khdng,' Theo y kicn Cti nhan tav gia. dieu nd\ Id cdn ihidl. Bdi lc de ca qud trinh lam ludt dtfdc cdng khai vd minh bach, kci luan cHa cd quan tha'm dinh, tham Ira cung can dififc cdng khai rdng rdi dc nigi C(J quan, td chtfc. cd nhan deu dtfifc bie't.
Day Id dicm md Lual BHVBQPPL 2015 van chtfa qu\ djnh.
Ben canh do. phdp ludt hien hanh mdi chi dang quy dmh cac dieu khodn lien quan tdi vice ddng tai cdng kii.ii thdng tin tren cac phtfdng ticn thdng tin dai chiing de htfdng de'n muc ticu la> >' kie'n cho dc nghj v.i) dtfng luat hojc dtf thao ludt chtf chifa thtfc sy chli trgng den vice Itfu trff ihdng tm \a cdng khai Ihdng tin nhdm bao dam quyen tie'p can thdng lin cho ngtfdi ddn. Cu the" la. Luat BHVBQPPL 2015 hau nhtf chi co quy dinh cd quan cd Irdch nhi^m can ddng iai Ihdng tin iren trang divn ttf dc ld> < kien cSc dd'i tu'dng. Quven tie'p
can thdng tin dd'i vdi boat ddng lap phdp ciing la mdt cd che' dd' ngtfdi dan cd the gidm sdt hoat dgng cua cd quan cd thd'm quyen trong sudl qud trinh lamra Iuat. Dodd, dtfdng nhtf phdp iuat hien hanh van con dang coi nhe va chtfa thyc su" the che hod quyen nav irong cdc quy dinh phap luatde laodieu kidn cho ngtfdi dan thtfc hien quyen cua minh.
\ c t d khia canh khac. ban than ngtfdi ddn la nhffng ngtfdi ndm trong lav quyen lid'p can thdng tin nhtmg chinh hp cung chtfa that stf hid'u rd va stf dung qu> en cua minh. Bdng chtfng cd lhe' tha'y. cdc cdquan ddng tai tai lieu tren cac trang thdng tin cdng khai nhtfng thifc te' khdng nhieu ngtfdi dan tru> cap \ao nhflng trang na>. cung khdng nhieu ngtfdi ddn quan tam de'n \icc chting la dang de nghl xay dtfng luat gi, hay sap cd dao ludt gi Hdclc ra ddi... Chinh ngtfdi ddn cCing dang cdn ihd d vdi quven ciia chinh minh. dieu ndy thtfc stf Id mpt bdi loan klui de quyen tie'p cdn thdng lin Irong hoat ddng lap phdp ndi rieng vd quyen tie'p can thdng tin ndi chung thtfc stf di vao ddi sd'ng.
Xung quanh va'n dc bao dam quyen tid'p cdn thong lin trong hoat ddng lap phdp, vd tiong mgi ITnh vyc noi chung, iff phia cdc cd quan chtfc ndng caned cdi nhin coi irpng vd'nde nay hdn de'cd the
\a\ dyng mt)i cdche'dam bao cho ngifdi ddn dtfdc thtfc hidn quyen cua minh. Cdn ve phia ngtfdi dan, can ndng cao y thffc phdp ludt de' nhan thtfc va stf dung dung quyen chinh dang cua minh •
1 \I I.lia TRICH I) \N:
'Dinh gu> nhNLiv (:(1|4). \\h difng ccf die'bdo clam quyin lie'p can thong Im 6 Viet Neim id kmh nghiem d cdc mfdc tren the gioi. Ludn \:in thac sT Luat hue. Khoa Luai. DHQG Ha Ngi
\ icn Kho:. hoc Phdp !> < :il 11,. DC- rdi khoa hoc cap Bo -Cosd ly lugn vd thife lihi ciia viee hoan thien phdp lugt \r lu-p can thimg im pluu vu \dy difng ludt tie'p can thdng tin'. Ha Noi.
• Quae hyi i:i)l6). Uidl Tiep con thong tin 2016 duyc Quoc hoi khda XIII thon]
Ihang 4 11.1m 2016. cdhiC-u lyc thi hanh tff ngd> I thane 7 niim 2018
Ig qua tai ky hgp thff 11 ngay 6
I \ILII::i THWI KHU):
I (,>UOL hgi (2016), Lu.ii Tiep cdn ihdng im 2016.
: . Quoc hdi 1201.SI. Ludi Ban hdnh van ban quy phani phdp iuat nam 2015
12 S6 8-Thc3ng4/2020
LOAI
.^. Dinh Quynh May (20]-i). Xdy dUng cache bdo ddm quyen liep can ihdng lin d Viet Nam tif kinh nghiem d cdc nudc tren the gidi. Ludn van thac sT Luat hgc, Khoa Luat, DHQG Ha Npi.
4. Vien Khoa hoc Phap ly (2011), Be tdi khoa hgc ca'p Bg 'Ca sdly ludn vci thuc tien ciia viec hodn thien phap lugt ve liep can thdng tm phtic vu xdy difng lugt dep can ihdng tin ". Ha Noi.
Ngay nh5n bai: 25/3/2020
Ngay phan bi$n d^nh gia va su'a chifa: 6/4/2020 Ngay cha'p nh^n dSng bai: 15/4/2020
Thdng tin tde gia:
ThS. LE THI HONG HANH Trtfdng Dai hpc LuSt Ha Npi
THE RIGHT TO ACCESS TO INFORMATION IN THE FIELD OF LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENT
IN VIETNAM
• Master. LE THI HONG HANH Hanoi Law University
ABSTRACT:
In the field of legislative development in Vielnam, the right to access lo information is relatively detailed through the system of provisions of the 2015 Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents and its guiding documents. This paper analyses and clarifies the concept of the right to access to information in legislative activities and current laws to ensure the right lo access to information in this field.
Keywords: Right to access to infonnation, legislation, legislative development.
So 8 - T h a n g 4/2020 13
