N G H I I N COrU - IRAQ f>6l
Hu'dng khae phuc nhu'ng bat cap chinh trong luan van thae sT khoa hoc thu* vien
d Viet Nam
PGS, TSKH Bui Loan Thiiy Tru-dng DHKHXH&NV - DHQG TPHCM
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ho den nay so liTcfng thae sT chuyen nganh khoa hpc thu* vien du'cJc dao tao trong nu'dc va ngoai ni/dc da len den con so hang tram. Rat nhieu ngu'di trong so nay hien dang dam diAfng nhutig cong viec quan trong trong nganh thu* vien - thong tin. Vi du tai Vu Thu*vien - cd quan quan ly nha nu'dc tn/c tiep ve linh VLfc thu" vien, Vu tn/dng, Pho vu tru'dng va nhieu chuyen vien ciia Vu deu co trinh dp thae sT. Giam doc, TrUcfng phong ban cua nhieu thu" vien tinh va thif vien dai hoc, thu" vien vien nghien CLTU cung tu'dng t l / . Ty le cac chuyen vien thu" vien c6 trinh dp thae sT dang hanh nghe eung tSng dan. Day chi'nh la li/c lUdng nong cot trong qua trinh hien dai hoa eac thu" vien va hpi nhap v6i thu" vien the gidi. Trong so nay kha nhieu ngu'di dang tham gia giang day bac dai hpc, cao dSng, trung eap thu"
vien tai cac trudng, cac cd sd dao tao cua trung u'dng va dia phu'ong. Nhin tong the co the thay rSng, vdi so lu'png tien sT it 6i so vdi nhieu nganh khoa hpc khae, cac trUdng dai hpc Van hda Ha Npi, dai hpc Khoa hpe xa hpi &. nhan van Ha Npi va TP. Ho Chi Minh deu da co rat nhieu no li/c de dao tao bae cao hpc cho chuyen nganh khoa hpc thu* vien va thanh ti/u eac tn/dng dat dUpe la rat Idn.
Hien nay da so cac thae sT hpc d nu'dc ngoai ve dupc dao tao theo Ap mon hpc Ooi vdi he nay, hpc vi§n chi can hpc du so ti'n chi quy dinh va thUe hien cac bai thu hoach, bao cao ho^c de an, d l / an cho tutig mon hpc cu the. Rat ft thae sT hpc d nu'dc ngoai ve dUpc nu'dc ban dao tao theo h^ nghien cuit. Trong khi do viec dao tao bac
cao hpc chuyen nganh Khoa hpc Thi/ vien cua Vi|t Nam nhi/ng nSm qua thien theo hu'dng thae sT h? nghien ci/u do hpc vien sau khi hpc mon phUdng phap nghien ci/u va nhieu mon khae, bSt bupc phai thUc hien nghien cub, ket qua danh gia dUa vao viec bao ve luan vSn tot nghilp.
Theo Quy che dao tao trinh dp thae sT cua Bp Giao due & Dao tao trong Thong tU so 10/2011/TT-BGDDT (c6 hieu lUc thi hanh ke t i / ngay 15/04/2011) muc tieu dao tao trinh dp thae sT la giup hpc vien nam vi/ng ly thuyet, co trinh dp cao ve thuc hanh, co kha nang lam viec doc lap, sang tao va cd nang lUc phat hien, giai quyet nhi/ng van de thupc nganh, chuyen nganh dUdc dao tao. Npi dung luan van phai the hien dUde cac kien ttii/e ve ly thuyet va thuc hanh trong ITnh vUe ehuyen mdn, phUdng phap giai quyet van de da dat ra. Cae ket qua eua luan vSn phai chUng to tac gia da biet van dung phUdng phap nghien ci/u va nhUng kien thUc dUpc trang bj trong qua trinh hpc tap de xU ly de tai.
NhU vay, ve nguyen tSc, cae luan v i n thae sT phai phan anh kha nang van dung nhuTig kien thUc va ky nSng hpc vien cao hpc tiep thu trong suot qua trinh hpc tap de nghien cUu, phan tich va giai quyet mpt van de nao do trong thUc tien cua nganh. Cae hpe vien cao hpc phai the hien dUdc sU "tiep thu" kien thUe khoa hpc de dat van de, tien hanh khao sat thUc te, thu thap so lieu, phan tich eae thong tin va de xuat cae glal phap giai quyet van de trong thUc tien. Cac nghien ei/u phai dat yeu c^u ve ham lUdng khoa hpc cao hdn khda luan tot nghiep dai hpc,
Tapchi'THU'VIENiV i.!Jb\i'\ 2(34)
Anh minh hpa
Trong thi/e t§, khi xem x^t chft Iupng cua dc lu^n v3n th^c sT dS bdo v | hdng nSim c6 th€ de dsng nh§n ra rSng cele ket qua nghien eUu cd ham IUpng khoa hpc eao chi€m ty* l | cdn khci khiem t5n. NhU v^y ro rang phan Idn cae th^c si da dupe dao t^o rat yeu ve kha nSng chuyen tu' ngudi sii dung tri thUc khoa hpe (consuming knowledge) trd thanh ngUdi sang t^o ra tri thu'c khoa hpc (creating knowledge), viec sU dung eac iy ttiuyet khoa hpe de mo ta, giai thfch va dU bao cac hien tUdng khoa hpe cung rat han ch§. NhU vay nguon bo sung vac dpi ngu can bp nghien ciiu va giang day cd chat lUdng cao, nguon chuan bj bao dam cho chat lUdng cao vdi viec dao t^o b^c tien si trong nude se g^p khd khSn khi muon d^t tdi mgc tieu md rdng kho tang tri thu'c khoa hpc eua nganh, dat mgc dich xay di/ng va kiem dinh eac ly thuyet khoa hpc.
Cho den nay, hau het d€ tdi c ^ luan v3n th^c si cua nganh thU vien - thong tin dao tao trong nude deu thudc dang nghien eulJ uhg dung (problem - solving research), mang b'nh ISp lai (nghTa la tuUng t i / giong nhau) vdi 3 mi/e khae nhau.
Aft/t 1: giong nhU mpt nghien o/u da co ve c^ch thtet ke, mo hinh nghien diu, doi ta/dng nghien cutj, chi khae nhau ve dja diem tien h^nh nghien cdli va gia tSng mu'c dp tong quat hda.
fifi/i: 2: giong nhu mot nghien cuu da cd nhung ngii' canh khae nhau nhSm kiem djnh }y
thuy^ d m$t dia phUdng khde.
M&c 3: giong nhU mpt nghifin a/u da c6 nhuTig diilu chinh, bo sung de hodn thi|n hdn.
Khd khSn chung cua nhiSu ngUdi hUdng dan khoa hpc g$p phai khi hudng d§n hpc vien eao hpc \k nSng luc nghiin cufu ciia nhieu hpc vien cdn han ehe. Bi^u hi|n cu the nhU sau:
- Hpc vien ehi ch kha nSng sao ch^p, ISp lai, bSt chude ehU khong the tong hpp, sing tao.
- Thiet ke phieu dieu tra chUa bao dam dnh khoa hpc, cau hdi md ho, ehua that su phu hdp vdi npi dung nghien eini. Oieu ndy Idm giam dp tin e^y eiia so ii^u.
- Hpc vien viSt phan lich su* nghien ajfu van de rSt yeu do it chju tim toi, nghien cult sau cdc tai li€u ciia nhutig ngudi di trUde, cac nghien ciilJ ciia nude ngoai (neu cd) du^c de cap het siJTc sd sai.
- Hpc vien thudng md ta thi/c trang bSng each ke le l^i thUe trang. Chua btet each phat hien van d l yeu kem nhft ho§c thanh eong nhat (ma chUa ai de c?p den) trong q u i trinh khao sat nghien cihj thyt b^ng. Chua phan biet dupc cac van de ehi'nh, vSn de phg.
- Hpc vien ehUa biet cieh v?n dung ly thuyet de phan tich van de nghien cuti va dua ra nhutig nhSn xet, danh gia cua rieng minh. Nhieu hpc vien khong su'dyng dUde phan ly thuygt Idm d i u t nSng dSn dudng eho vi#c xac djnh vfn de vd eung chua biet each thu'c v^n dung ly thuyet lam
cd sd de giai quyet vSn de.
- Ky nSng sU dung eac phUdng phap nghien cii\i, Wf nSng trinh bay van de mpt each m?eh l?c, ro rang, sue tich eiia hpe vien cdn yeu. Do v^y n$i dung chUa bao dam b'nh chSt chg, 16-gie.
- Tuy eac giai phap de xuat la phan het su'c quan trpng cua luan v3n, nhUng d day i^i thUdng la ph^n chiem so iUdng trang it nhSt vi hpc vi€n thieu d3u t u ve chieu sau trong tU duy. Chinh vl vay, Idii dil xuat eac giai phdp thdo gd thUdng chung chung, thieu cd sd khoa hpc vd thieu tinh khd thi. De tai nao cung ed nhuhg gidi phdp tUdng t u nhau, rat it gidi phap th^t si/ mdi.
Ngoai ra co mot vdi nguyen nhan dan den tinh trang "chin ep" eiia mpt so ludn vdn nhU:
- Mpt so hpe vien ji^di chiu khd nhilu dp li/C ve thdi gian khi viia lam vift hpc, thu&ng phdi gia han vd hp sSn sang ddt ngudi hudng dan vdo tinh huong 'dS coging Ae^ sik, khong bi^ su^ nhw the nao nu^, f&tor^ dupc phep gia h^n nu^, xin tfiay/c6 cho bao x^!",
- Trinh bdy ve hoan canh khd khdn rieng de
"danh" vdo tinh cam ngUdi hUdng dan vd cac tiianh vien trong Hpi dong, "ep" ngUdi hUdng dan ky cho phep bdo ve vd mong Hpi ddng tiiong cdm, cham ehUde, eho qua.
Thong thudng, ngUdi hUdng dan biet ro khd n3ng ciia hpe wen den dau nen khi thay hpc vien da cd nhieu co gdng thi cho du nghien cuXi edn nhieu diem han ehe ehua dat dUde ket qud mong dpi van ddnh phdi chap thudn cho bao v i .
TuT thuc \M tren, cac cd sd ddo tao bac cao hpc chuyen ngdnh khoa hpc thU vien ran phdi hUdng den dSu ra theo 2 dang:
1. Ap dung viec dao tao theo hudng thae si A#
mon hgc, khong phai Idm luan vdn tdt nghi|p doi vdi cae hpc vien thieu kha ndng nghien cull vd hpc vien khong muon hpc Iln bdc tien si. De bdo ddm chat IUdng dao t^o theo he ndy, cdc gidng vien can het sUc nghiem tue khi cho diem ddnh gid ket qua mon hpc de hpc viln c6 <i thiTc hpc t i p eao, nha't la vdi nhDhg hpc vien di hpc vdi dpng ed "lay bdng Id ehinh".
2. Tiep tuc ddo tao theo hUdng th^c sT A#
nghien c i h / d ^ vdi edc hpc vien c6 nguydn vpng va cd khd ndng nghien ei?u, muon tiep b^c Idm nghien eulj sinh de lay bdng tiin si.
Bin eanh dd, Hpi dSng cham ludn vdn tot nghiip thae si din phdi tliay doi edch cham diem theo hudng phan djnh r^eh rdi \U%T\ vdn t5t nghlip d^t lo^i xuat sdc, lo^l gidi, logi khd, logi trung binh khd, lo^l trung binh vd chUa d^t - phdi sira chij^, khdng d^t - phdi idm l^i. Phdi chdp nh|in si/th^t la tiong nhutig ndm qua s6 lUflng de tdi dllm xuat sdc qud nhieu, cd nhOtig luqin vdn chu<i d?t yeu cau ve ch&t lUpng khoa hpc nhUng da dU^c Hpi dong cham diem m$t cdch dS ddi, ed ne, yeu cau su'a ehu^, bo sung (niu cd) cung ehua cao vd khflng thS de tiep tye mai nhu vdy.
Kinh nghidm cua dai hpc Khoa hpc xa hpi & nhan vdn TP. Ho Chi Minh trong thdi gian vira qua ve sy thay doi cdch chdm diem theo hudng ndy da dem l^i k i t qud ^ . Khdng phdi ehi rieng hpc vien
"khdng d^t - phdi lam l^i" da bj 'soc" md nhiiu hpe vien eung bj "soc" khi Hpi dong cdng bo diem chi dat loai trung binh khd hode Ioal trung binh.
Thong tin ve si/ thay doi tiong cdch cham diem dd lan truyen rat nhanh trong hpc viln vd hpc vien da than trpng hdn rat nhieu khi di khdo sat eung nhU trong qud trinh viet ludn vdn, viec chuan bj cho bao ve cung ky IUdng hdn. SU nghiim tuc, l^ach quan, cong bdng eiia Hdi ddng khi danh gia chat IUdng eiia luan vdn se Idm eho hpc vien ed thai dp tidn tipng hdn vdi ket qud nghiin ci/u cua ban than.
Ddng thdi vdi viec cai tien each chdm di^m cita cdc Hpi ddng cham luan vdn thae st, de nang cao chat IUdng ddo tao thae si hiin nay ddi hdi edc tien sT tham gia dao tao phai di dau trong eong tac nghiin culi de trd thdnh tam gUdng sang trong lao dpng khoa hpc vd the hi^n cdc pham chat eua ngUdl Idm khoa hpc ngay trong qud trinh gidng day, hudng d§n Idioa hpc cho hpc vien cua minh. Trong diiu kiin so tu^ng tien si Id ngUdi hudng dan khoa hpc qua it so vdi sd l u ^ g hpc vien cao hpc Idm ludn vdn (mdt ngudi co the phdi hudng d§n 2,3 de tdi ddng tiidi), cdng ddi hdi cdi tam, tinh than tidch nhiim eao ciia ngudi hudng dan d^ edc thae si tUdng lai cd the d^t dUdc k i t qud nghien culi cao nhdt trong khd ndng ciia hp.
CSn kien quyet khong ky d i nghj eho ph^p bdo v%
nhiJhg ludn vdn chat IUdng chua dat yeu u u . Cho den nay khi cac cd sd ddo tao mdi phdn bi^n ludn vdn th^e si, deu cd gdng lua chpn ngudi
Tap chl THI/ VIEN VIET NAM 2(34)
phdn bi^n bdo dam cdc y i u c3u nhU: Cd cdc de tdi, bdi bdo, edc sdch tham khdo dd cdng bd ciing hudng nghien ciiu vdi chii de ciia de tdi; Cd thdm niin trong nghien cuti, gidng d?y, ddnh gid cdc edng trinh nghiin euU khoa hpc; Khdng cung cd sd ddo t?o vdi tac gid lu^n vdn d^ vi$c phdn bi§n bao ddm tinh khdch quan, cdng bdng. Tuy nhiin, trong cdc nhdn xet phdn bi?n, do ngUdi phdn bi^n thudng nhdn manh nhieu ve thdnh cflng ciia de tdi, khi nhdn xet ve nhu'ng nhUpc diem trong npi dung cua ludn vdn cung nUdng nh?, it dUa ra nhOrig gpi y de tac gid phdi siiB chu^, bS sung, eac yeu cdu bdt bupc ddi vdi tde gid d€ hodn thipn de tdi. VI vdy hpc viin sau khi bao v§ dd khdng sira chi/a n§i dung ludn vdn theo gdp <f ciJa Hpi ddng md van dUpe nhan bdng. Ban ludn vdn dUpc luu giQ' t^i thu viin Id bdn npp trUde khi bdo v$, khdng dupe tde gia sii^ chu'a. Do dd can phdi cd qui dinh rd rdng bupc hpc viin sau khi bdo v?
phdi su^ chij^ npi dung ludn vdn theo gdp y ciia Hdi dong, nop vdo thU vi^n bdn da sUa thi mdi dupc nhdn bdng.
Tai dai hpc Khoa hpc xd hpi & Nhdn vdn TP. Ho Chi Minh, v i ^ khd nhieu hpc viin cao h(?c chUa sddung thanh thao eae phUdng phdp nghiin cuti khoa hpc cd nguyin nhan tu* dpi ngu gidng vien giang day mon hpc ndy. Trong qua trinh hpc dai hpc, mdn phUdng phap nghien cdu khoa hpc id mdn bdt bupc vd dUpc gidng day vao ndm thir 2, ban dau Id 2 tin chi, sau tdng len 3 tin chi vd do nhieu gidng vien ehju tidch nhiem gidng day, trong dd cd ca nhutig gidng viin tii edn h^n che ve kinh nghi?m nghiin diu. Neu sinh vien dUpc hpc vdi thay co da cd b i dafy kinh nghidm nghien cull se dupc huan Iuyin nhieu hdn ve ky ndng nghien diu vd ngUdc l^i. Bin canh do, tuy trang ChUdng trinh ddo tao d?i hpc cua Khoa ThU vi?n - Thdng tin hpc od mdn phUdng phdp nghien diu chuyen ngdnh nhutig 1^1 Id mon t i / ehpn vd hdu nhu khdng dUpc sinh vien chpn. Mon ndy chi mdi dupe dua vdo chUdng trinh cao hpe tu* 1 ndm tid lai day, vdt 2 ti'n chi, nhSm cat thi?n khd ndng nghiin diu cua hpc viln.
Cdc thu vi^n dang ky vpng rat nhieu d cdc thae sT, edc hpe vien dang va se theo hpc bde eao hpc. Dpi ngu ndy dang trUdng thdnh len timg ngay vd se gdp phan dde ly'c lam cho edc thU vi?n
Viit Nam nhanh chdng h$i nhdp vdi tiie gidi.
Nhiim vy cua cdc cd sd dao tao eao hpc ciia ngdnh Id phai gidi bdi todn khd ve chdt IUdng dao t?o hi?n nay de ddp li'ng nhu eau xdy dUng tiiU vi§n di?n tii, thu vi?n so ciia thg'c tien.
TAI L l | u THAM KHAO 1. Quyet djnh so 45/2008/QD-BGDDT ve Quy che ddo t^o tilnh dp t h ^ si.
2. Thdng t u so 08/2009/TT-BGDOT, ve viic sira doi, bd sung mpt sS diiu cua Quy che dao tao tiinh d$ t h ^ si.
3. Thdng ti/ s5 10/20ll/TT-BGDCfr ve Ban hdnh Quy ehe dao t^o tiinh dp ttiac si.
Hi$n nay, chUcfng trinh sau dai hpc linh vgt Thu v)$n - Thdng t n t^l cdc cd sd ddo t ^ dang ngdy cdng dupc cdi tiSn cho phii hpp vd) xu hudng phdt tri^n Chung aia thdl dai. Tuy nhifin trgn thyt tS, hoat d^ng lido tao sau d^i hpc chuygn ngdnh Khoa hgc ThU vl^n c6n t&n tai nhiSu kh6 khdn cd tir phia hgc vidn vd nhd tn/dng. Trong bdi vi€t cua minh, tac gid Bill Loan Thiiy dd trinh bdy thyt tr^ng dao t ^ bdc th^c 51 khoa hoc ThU vi$n t^i Vi^t Nam nhU: phuting phdp hutSing d3n hpc vi€n, cdch chpn dS tdi, phuung phdp nghien diu khoa hpc cua hpc v>en, cdch (ham diem ludn vdn tdt nghiep cua Hgi dSng khoa hoc, chdt lu^ng ludn vin... Qua dd, tdc gid djng dua ra nhOtig dS laidt cdi ti&i phutJng phdp ddo t^o nhdm ngdy cdng ndng cao chSt l u p ^ d$i ngu cdn bd thu vl^n, g6p phdn dud ngdnh ThU v i ^ Vi^t Nam hdi nh^p vdi th€ gidi.
Nowadays, postgraduate programs on library and Infomiation studies (LIS) have been improved a lot In order to keep up-to-date with developing trends of the profession. However, training acBvihes at post- graduate Institutions In LIS still showed obstades and Irrelevanaes both from the institutions and from students. The author attempted to discuss major Irrelevanaes of postgraduate training programs on LIS In Vietnam such as: advisors' methods, selection of thesis topics, scientific methodology, grade meth- ods of the Sdendfic Committee, quality of theses, etc Some solutkms were suggested in order to Improve quality of the graduates, contributing to the Intemational Integration ofViehiamese library sector.
