The specification for phase margin, PM, places restrictions on the location of non-dominant poles and zeros in the opamp. The specification for the output voltage range places limits on the saturation voltage of the output transistors M6 and M7.
Bias Circuits, Bandgap References and Voltage Regulators
Several approaches can be taken to generate a current that is less dependent on the supply voltage. One method is to make the bias current depend on a gate source voltage rather than the supply voltage.
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Essential Results and Equations
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The stability of a system with feedback depends on the frequency response of the loop gainL(s).
For a second-order system with a dominant pole ωp1 with a much lower frequency than the non-dominant pole ωp2, the phase margin depends on the location of the non-dominant pole relative to the gain bandwidth product ωtl = L0ωp1 of the loop gain.
Appendix A
Answers to Multiple-Choice Tests
Appendix B
Answers to End-of-Chapter Problems
LTspice gives slightly larger values of bias currents and transconductances due to the channel length modulation, which has been neglected in the hand calculations. The difference is due to the factor (1+λVDS), which has been neglected in the calculations.
Appendix C – Transistor Models
Index
