IHOl LUAN
W cong va Luat ThiTG hanh tiet kiem, chdng lang phi
BAO CHAN
Nd cdng dang id vdn di thu hut sd quan tdm Qudc hpi, Trong bdi cdnh do nhiiu dd dn tiiu vd dexudt... Xem ra Ludt Thdc hdnh tiet kiem, hiin chda that di vdo cupc sdng.
BAO O d N G TRA N O Tiicio luan ve tinh hinh Icinh te xa hpi nam 2014 va nhiem vu nam 2015, k i t qu^ thiic hien ngan sach nha nadc nam 2014; dii toan ngan sach nh^ niidc v^ phuang an phan bo ngan sach trung uang nam 2015, nhieu dai bieu ghi nhan tinh hinh kinh te - xa hpi da co nhufng chuyen bien tich ciic, tang trudng kinh te c^ nam dii kien dat miJc 5,8% - 6%.
Tuy nhi^n, b§n canh viec ghi nhan nhCrng co gang ctia Chinh phu trong d i l u hanh, giup nen kinh te t i i dau nam den nay on djnh va da dan tang trudng qua cac quy, cac Dai bieu Quoc hdi van rat lo lang, quan tam dac biet den no cong cham ngiidng an toan vdi con sd 90 ti USD va nd xau cua nen kinhte.
Hpi dong Tu van chinh sach tai chinh, tien te quoc gia cho biet trong 1,6 trieu tl dong doanh nghiep nha nudc vay no, Chinh phCi bao lanh cho doanh nghiep nha nUdc vay trong nUdc la 35.000 ti ddng, bSo lanh cho vay nUdc ngoai la 173.000 ti dong. Ca sd danh gia no cdng an to^n phu thuoc cac yeu td khac.ThU nhat la ti le nghTa vy tr^ nd tren tong thu ngan sach hSng nam. Theo do, nam 2013, nghia vy tra nd la 183.000 ti dong, chiem 22,3% tong thu. Nam 2014 la 208.000 ti ddng, chiem ' TAP CHl PHAPLV So d^uth^g 11/2014
26,69%, 1^ mUc bao ddng, Nam 2015 len den tr^n 282.000 ti dong, chilm 3 1 % , day la miJc khdng an toan.
ThU hai la dSo nd, hien tUdng nay xuat hien tCr nam 2014, dao no 70.000 ti dong; nam 2015, con so nay len tdi 130.000 t i dong. Thiif ba la mot so khoSn ma chung ta chua dUa vao np cong. Bat dau nhiem ky Qudc hdi khda XIII, nd cdng la 1,1 tri^u ti dong nhung den nam 2014, no cong la 2,39 trieu t i ddng. DU kien nam 2015 la 2,8 trieu tl ddng. Tdc dp tang den 20%/nam,t6cdpquacao.
Do do, cd y kien cho rSng neu chi nhin v^o con $6 tang GDP 5,8%
hay 6,2% thi khdng phan anh dUdc chat lUdng phat trien kinh ti. GiCfa bao cao va thuc t i l n cdn cd khocing c^ch, khoSng each nay can co ly gidi nguyen nhan. Mau thuan d cho, ta cu-ndi tang trudng trd lai, nhung c§n doi ng§n sach nam 2015 cue ky khd khan. Tmh hinh cang t h i n g tdi mUc khdng cd dij tien thuc hien Id trinh cdi each tien luong, vdi khoang 40 nghin ty dong.
Trong mot d i l n bien khac, Chinh phu vUa yeu cau Bd Ke hoach va Dau t u khdng dua kien nghj ve vi&c xem xet danh mdt phan chi ng5n sach nha nudc de xCr ly nd xau cCia cac doanh nghiep nha nudc vao bao cao trinh Qudc hdi. Yeu cau nay
ddc biit cda cd tri vd Dgi bieu tiin khdng vdn dddc thdc hiin chdng Idng phi sau 8 ndm thdt
duac neu trong Cdng van 8190/
VPCP-KTTH cOa Van phong Chfnh phCi gCh Bp Ke hoach va Dau tu mdi day.
"M6 XE" CAC KHOAN VAY Di kiem soat nd cdng thi phdi phan tich rd cac khodn vay no Vti SLf dung. Mpt chuyen gia cho rang, vi du nhu ODA - vdn ho trp phSt trien chinh thu'e, den nay ta chua c6 mdt bao cdo danh gid toan dien nao ve ODA, ke ca ket cau ODA tii dau, ngudn tien va sCf dung ODA nhu the nao. No cdng cd nhieu chuyfn nhUng ngay ca viec cdng khai thong tin vi no cdng cung co van de, hien so lieu ve np cdng mdi dUac Bd Tai chinh cap nhat din nam 2012.
Trach nhiem ve no cdng khong chi la vdn de ddn gidn lien quan den tham hut ngan sach ma cdn anh hudng din an nmh tai chinh qudc gia. Neu bao cao ve tinh hinh ncf cdng, chi nhin vao may con so tong quy md no cdng, trong do nd Chinh phCi la bao nhieu Chinh phii bdo lanh, np chinh quyen dja phUOng la bao nhieu thi chUa dO va khdng c6 y nghia gi. Ro rang khdng the danh gia dUdc nd cdng neu chl cung cap so lieu mdt each sd sai nhU hien nay. Thdng tin ve nd thi cdn cd chii nd va con nd, iai suat cho vay, thdi han vay, dong ti^n gl... Cdn danh
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gid hieu qud sCf dung khodn vay np cdng, cd nhieu khodn vay ma chung ta khdng dupc cdm tien, ddn cCf nhu vay ODA.
Tren cd sd do mdi ddnh gia dupc np cdng xau hay tot, cd nen tiep tuc vay np hay d i l u chinh mufc vay nd nhu the nao. Dac biet, da den luc dat ra van de cd cau lai np cdng. Cai quan trpng nhat trong qudn l>? nd la qudn l>^ riii ro, khd nang trd nd cd gdc va lai... Viet Nam dang vay dong Yen rat nhieu, ddng Yen len gia thi np cdng se tang len. Do dd, chung ta nen tinh den chuyen giam t i 1^
vay nd ddng Yen xudng ma tang ddng USD lin... ching han. Tat cd van de dd phdi dat ra chijf khdng chi la chuyen ti le np cdng hien 6 miifc 55,7% van la an to^n.
Mdt dac diem rat ddng chU y d V i i t Nam trong np cdng la mot phan no cong dUpc chOng ta dung de trd nd gdc Dieu ddng lo ldng la hau het ngudn vay de dau tU cua ta khdng chi ra dUOc nguon thu d l trd np gdc va lai, ma cudi cung lal hudng vao trdng cay ngan sdch, vao vay mdi de trd np cu.
Dieu dang quan tdm niia la trudc day Viet Nam phdt hdnh trdi phieu Chinh phCi thdi han 10 nam, 20 nam thi nay cd nhUng trai phieu thdi han 1 nam.
TRU s d , DINH T H U NGUY NGA
Trong boi canh thdm thCing ngan sach va np cong chong chat hien nay, van de chi t i i u cdng, dau t u xay dung mdt cdch phung phf, kem hieu qua gay bufc xuc trong d u luan.
Trung tdm hdnh chinh nguy nga cOa t/nh Binh Duang
Lai Chdu Id mdt tinh nghio, nhung trung tdm hdnh chinh cung rdt hodnh trdng
Don cCf chuyen xay try sd, hien dang cd mdt phong trao dua nhau xdy Trung tam hanh chinh vdi so vdn dau t u cd ngan ty ddng. Dau tien la Da Nang xay Trung tam hanh chinh vdl tong mufc dau tU 2000 t^ dong, Trung tam cua Binh DUOng 1400 ty ddng, Ba Rja - Vung Tau cung chi tren 1000 ty ddng. Lam Ddng cung dau t u mdt cao 6c 12 tang vdi 74.000 met vudng di&n tich san, tieu tdn hdn 1.014tlddng.
Ddng Nai cung da hpp ban ve
d l dn xay diing khu trung tdm hanh chinh - chinh trj cua tinh vdi von dau t u 2.200 ti dong. Ngoai ra, cdn Blnh Thuan, Quang Ngai, Qudng Nam, Binh Dinh... Cuoi nam 2013, Hdi dong nhan dan tinh Khdnh Hda cung da thdng qua Nghi quyet v l d l dn ddi trung tam hanh chinh tinh ve phia Tay Nha Trang. Tong miJc dau t u cho d u an nay len den tren 5.500 t i ddng... 6 ngoai Bdc thi Hdi Duong de xuat xay diing khu hanh chfnh tap trung vdi tdng von dau t u S6 dau thing 11/2014 TAP CH( PHAP LV 3
THOI LUAN
hdn 2.000 ti dong va tinh m i l n niii ngheo Lai Chau... cung xay dung du dn xay tda nha hanh chinh.
Va mdt thuc t l niJfa cung can phai neu ra. Trdi ngUdc vdi nhUng dinh t h u nguy nga cOa cdc quan chirc la cudc sdng cdn nhieu khdn khd cua ngudl dan. Nhilu cdng trinh phuc vu dan sinh nhu benh v i i n , trudng hpc, giao thdng... d nhieu dia phuong khdng cd vdn de thuc hien. Mdt ngudi vCla t d vong do du day qua sdng d Dak Lak cho thay noi CO ciic cua ngUdi dan. ChUa cd thdng ke nhung tren cd nUdc chac chdn cd hang ngan diem ngudi dan phdi qua sdng sudi bang nhufng cay cau tam bp hoac du day nhu the. Vi vay, viec xdy dung dinh t h i i nguy nga phdn anh tinh trang vd cdm cCia quan chdc, vd cdm vdi noi kho cua ddn, vdi tinh trang nd cdng cua dat nudc.
Mdt d u an dang chu y duoc dUa ra lay y kien Quoc hdi la Dii an San bay Qudc te Long Thanh, vdi vdn ddu t u giai doan 1 gan 8 ti USO va sd dung dien tich dat 5000 ha. Vdi mot duan khung nhuthe nhUng cd nhilu Id hdng trong chuan bi, the hien sU hdi hot, thieu chat che.
Dd la sd vdn cho giai doan 2 va 3 la bao nhieu thi chua biet. ChUa biet thi cCf lam de d i n luc do neu thieu vdn va bd dang dd cdng trinh hay sao? Rdi ngudn vdn nao de dau tu? Cau trd ldi dUdc Thd trudng Bd GTVT Pham Qu;?Tieu cho biet phia Nhat cam k i t tai trp khodng 2 ti USD. Ngay sau dd Dai sd quan Nhdt tai Viet Nam len t i l n g phCi nhdn. Rdi
4 TAP CHl P H A P LY SO diiu thang 11/2014
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•tr^ MdttiUdng hoc lup xup d ui Qudng Ngdi
van ban do Bd trUdng GTVT Dinh La Thang ky gCfi Hoi ddng Nghiem thu Nha nudc ngay 26-8 cho biet
"Tap doan ADPi cua Phdp da di nghj cu the dau tU tnic tiep 500 trieu USD va huy dpng 1 t i USD t d ngan hdng...". Vdy ma tdi 22-10, Bd GTVT lai cd thdng cao thda nhan: "Thdng tin nay la khdng chinh xdc. Bd GTVT khdng biet ADPi la cdng ty nao". Lieu vdl cung cdch lam an dd, Qudc hoi cd the yen tam cho xdy dUng san bay Long Thanh hay khdng?
Nhln d khia canh tiet kiem, chdng lang phi thi thay Du dn San bay Long Thanh dung den 5000 ha dat de cd nang suat 25 trieu khach/
nam va 1,2 trieu tdn hang hod/ndm.
Khi hoan thanh giai doan cudi, nang suat 100 trieu khach/nam va 5 trieu tan hang hod/nam.
Trong khi dd tren the gidi, cd nhieu san bay vdi dien tich nhd nhUng nang suat cao. Sdn bay qudc te Mumbai d An Dd cd dien tich
610ha cd nang suat thuc t l nam 2012 Id 30,7 trieu khdch/nam. San bay Barcelona d Tay Ban Nha vao nam 2009 vdi dien tich 845ha co nang suat thiet k l 55 trieu khach/
nam, binh quan 6,5 trieu khdch/
nam cho lOOha. San bay Heathrow d London, Anh Qudc vdi dien tich 1.200ha cd nang suat thiic te nam 2012 la 70 trieu khach/ndm, blnh quan 5,8 trieu khdch/nam tr&n 1 OOha. Sdn bay Fiuminicino d Rome vdi dien tfch l.SOOha ma cd nang suat thiet ke cho nam 2044 Id 1O0 tneu khdch/nam, binh qudn 6,7 trieu khach/nam tren lOOha dien tich sdn bay.
Tren day chi la hai cau chuyen trong vd sd nhiJng d i i an dau tU cdng lang phi, gdp phan lam ngheo dat nddc da, dang va cd nguy cO tiep tuc dien ra.
LUATTHLfC H A N H T I ^ T K I | M , C H d N G LANG PHI CHUA D l V A 0 C U P C S 6 N G ?
THOI LUAN
Ludt thuc hanh tiet kiem, chdng lang phi dUdc Qudc hoi khod XI, k^ hpp thiJ 8 thdng qua ngdy 29/11/2005 vd cd h i f u liic t i i ngay 1/6/2006. Chinh phCi da ban hanh Nghi ^inh sd 68/2006/ND-CP ngay 18/7/2006 quy djnh chi tiet vd hudng dan thi hanh mdt so d i l u cCia Ludt Thuc hdnh tilt kifm, chdng ldng phi, Nghi djnh sd 84/2006/ND- CP ngay 18/8/2006 quy dmh v l bdi thudng thiet hai, xCf ly k^' ludt, xi!f phat vi pham hdnh chfnh trong thiic hdnh tiet k i f m , chdng lang phi.
Qua hdn 8 nam thuc h i f n Ludt, cdng tdc thUc hdnh tiet kiem, chdng lang phi nhin chung da dat duac mpt sd ket qud nhat dinh, tao chuyen bien vd ndng cao nhan thdc cua cdc cap, cdc nganh, cac doanh nghifp va nhan dan tren cac mat cua ddi sdng kinh te - xa hdi. Tuy nhien, lang phf van cdn ia van de bdc xuc hien nay, dien ra kha phd bien dudi n h i l u hinh thdc, d nhieu Ilnh viic lam phdt sinh nhdng he qud tieu cUc den sii phdt trien cCia dat nUdcTinh trang lang phi dang chu y vd gay gat nhdt dugc the hien rd net tren mdt sd mat nhusau;
Trong qudn iy kinh phf hoat ddng cua cdquan, td chufc: Cdng tdc kiem toan, kiem soat chi, thanh tra tdi chi'nh dupc tang cudng nhung viec chap hdnh ky luat tai chinh chua nghiem, sal pham van cdn n h i l u , lang phf NSNN d cdc mdc dp khdc nhau cdn phd bien.
Tinh trang ldng phi, that thodt trong dau tU xdy dung co bdn van cdn nghiem trpng, xdy ra d nhieu
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phoi cdnh khu vUcldm viic cda HDND, UBND va dodn Dai bieu Qudc hoi tinh Hai DUang.
khdu cCta qua trinh dau t u v d id van de ndi len dupc d u luan xa hpi quan tdm. Tmh trang that thoat vdn dau t u xay diing cd bdn van chua duoc ngan chdn mpt each h i f u qud, trach nhifm cda chu dau tu, t u van thiet ke, giam sat, nhd thau chUa duoc phat huy day du, van cdn tinh trang thdng ddng gida cdc don vl nay de Idm sai lech khdi iUdng thue te thi cdng so vcri khdi lUdng nghiem thu thanh toan.
LTnh vuc dat dai, tai san nha nudc cdn tdn tai n h i l u han che, bat cap chua duoc xd ly kjp thdi lam phat sinh nhdng van de phdc tap trong xa hdi. Sddung nha dat khdng dung mue dich, bj lan chiem hoac de hoang hda, hoac chua dupc cap cd tham quyen eho phep, ehua ra sodt, sap xep, de xuat phuong an sCrdung dat; ehua hoan thien thu tuc cap Giay chdng nhan quyen sddung dat hoac chUa phan dnh gia t n quyen sCf dung d d t
Hifu qua sCf dung lao ddng
trong khu vUc nhd nude edn thap.
Vifc tuyen dung can bo cd trinh dp, nang lUc trong mdt sd ITnh viic van gap nhieu khd khan do cac quy djnh ve ndi dung, phUdng thdc thi t u y i n cdn thieu linh hoat vd chdm dUoc dieu chinh phCi hpp vdi ddc thu cua mdt sd CO quan, t d chdc.
Tinh trang qudn ly, sd dung vdn va tai sdn nha nudc tai DNNN hieu qua thap, gay that thodt, lang phf vdn nha nudc; np xau trong he thdng ngan hang thddng mai d mUc cao anh hudng khdng thuan Ipi tdi sU phat trien b i n vQng cda nen kinh te.
Nhdng danh gid tren day la Bdo cao cua Chinh phu ve tinh hinh sau hdn 7 nam thiie h i f n Luat Thiic hanh tiet kiem, ehdng lang phi. Xem ra tinh trang ldng phf, that thoat chua dupc khde phue, chua ke cd nhdng noi dung cdn tram trpng hon. ThUc t l do cho thay Luat thiie hanh tilt kiem chdng lang phi xem ra van chUa di vdo cudc sdng.
S6dauthangll/2014 T A P C H f P H A P L Y 5
