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T H l / C TIEN - KINH N G H I E MCONG NGHIEP CHE BIEN THUY SAN-
TIEM NANG PHATTRIEN V A N H O N G VAN DE DAT RA DOI V6l THANH PHO CAN THO
• ThS PHAN VIET C H A U Hoc vi^n Chinh tri khu vuc IV
• Tdm tdt: Cdng nghi&p che bien thuy sdn Id mot trong nhdng ngdnh cdng nghiep chu liic cua Thdnh pho Cdn Thd. Trongthdigian qua, ngdnh da phdt trien khd tot nhd day manh sdn xudt nguyan lieu, md rgng dien tich nudi trdng vd gia tdng sdn Iddng thuy sdn, dong thdi day manh xudt khdu sdn phdm thuy sdn chi bien... Dephdt huy tiem ndng, the manh von cd, trong thdi gian tdi, Cdn Thd cdn tdp trung vdo gidi quyet nhdng han chevi trinh do khoa hgc cdng nghe, ndng cao ndng liic canh tranh tren thi tnidng xdy dting quy hoach phdt trien hdp ly,...
• Tdkhda: cdng nghiep che biin thiiy san, Thdnh pho Cdn Thd.
D
di vdi hiu hit cae nude, nganh thiiy san quy dinh quan ttpng hd ttpnganh thiiy sin, nhu:ed vai ttd quan ttpng ttong nen kinh te, Quyet dinh sd 332/QD-TTG ngay 3-3-201Icua die biet li nhung nude cd vimg biln vi Tbii tudng Chinh phii phi duylt Dl an phit vilng mrdc ndi ffia phong phu nhu Viet Nam. trien triln nudi ttdng thuy sin den nim 2020 da Nhin thiy rd vai trd, tim quan trpng eua viec dit mue tilu phit triln dii ban cho nginh thuy phit triln nganh thuy sin ddi vdd kinh te, xi hdi, sin Viet Nam; Nghi dinh 36/2014/ND-CP ngiy an runh, qudc phdng cua dit nude. Dang va Nhi 29-4-2014 cua Chinh phii vl nudi, che bien, xuit nude ta di ban hanh nhieu chu truang, chinh khau sin phim ci tta; Nghi dinh 17/2018/ND- sich thue diy kinh te bien ndi ehung, nganh CP ngay 2-2-2018 cua Cbinh phii sua ddi, bd tiiuy sin ndi rieng. Thi du nhu, Nghi quyet Trung sung mdt sd ffilu eua Nghi djnh sd 67/2014/ND- uong 4 khda Xve Chiln luoc bien Viet Nara den CP ngay 7-7-2014 eua Chinh phii ve radt sd nam 2020; Nghi quyit Trung uong 8 khda XII vl chinh sieh phit triln thuy sin; Quyet dinh so chiln lupc phit ttien ben vting kinh te bien Viet 1690/QD - TTg ngay 16-9-2010 ciia Thu tudng Nam din nam 2030, tam nhin din nim 2045. Chinh phii vl vile phe duylt Chien lupc phit Trin casdebu truong cua Dang, Nhi nude, Thu triln thuy san Viet Nam den nira 2020. Trien tudng Chinh phu da ban hinh nhieu cbinh sich, khai Quyet dinh nay, cic caquan cd tham quyen
LYLUAN CHINH TRI-So 12/2019
di xiy dyng vi thyc hien cae du in, dl in, chuong triitii: Du in Quy hogch tdng the phat triln thuy san Viet Nam den nam 2020, tam nhin 2030; De in phit triln nudi bien din nim 2020;
De in phit triln nudi ci rd phi din nim 2020;
De in phit triln edng nghiep ca khi ddng, sua chiia tiu ei din nam 2020; De in dio tao, phit tiiln nguon nhin Iyc nganh thiiy sin den nim 2020; Chirong trinh bd tti Igi dan cu vi xiy dung cie ling ci ven biln, hai dao theo cic tilu chi xiy dung ndng thdn radi; Dl in xay dimg luc lupng kiem ngu den nam 2020; Dl in phit ttien quin ly nghi ei edng ddng; De in phat tiiln nghien cuu va chuyen giao khoa hpc ky thuat nganh thuy sin giai doan 2010-2020; Dl in ddimdixiy dung cic hpp tic xa va hen minh hop tic xi nghi ei den nam 2020...
Thuc hiln chu truong, chinh sieh eua Dang vi Nhi nude, nhiing nim qua, nginh thiiy san Viet Nam da ed nhiing bude phit tnIn nhanh, gdp phan quan ttpng vao ting tnidng kinh te. Ty ttpng ciia thiiy san trong khdi ndng, lim, ngu nghiep vi ttong nen kinh te ting qua cac nara.
Nim 2018, tdng sin lupng thuy sin dat 7,7 ty USD, gii tii xuit khau dat 9 ty USD; 10 tiling diu nim 2019, gii tri xuat khau dat 7,1 ty USD. Vdi kit qui do, Viet Nam di ttd thanh nhdm nude cd gia tri xuit khiu thiiy sin Idn nhit thi gidd.
Nginh thiiy san da ttd thanh nginh kmh te quan ttpng, gdp phan chuyen ddi co cau ndng nghiep ndng thdn, cai thien ddd sdng nhan din, xda ddi giam ngheo; ddng gdp vao viec giu gin an runh, bao vl chu quyin vimg bien, dio cua Td quoc.
Nganh thiiy sin da chu ddng ttong hdi nhap qudc tl, day manh ap dung khoa hpc cdng nghe tien tiln vao sin xuat, gin san xuit nguyen Ueu vdd ehl biln, xuc tiln thuong mai, md rdng thi tiudng xuit khau, tiep can vdi trinh dp cdng nghe, quin if tiln tiln cua khu vyc va the gidi.
San pham thuy sin xuat khau ciia Viet Nam di cd mat va diing vtrng tten thi trudng hon 140 qudc gia, vimg linh thd, ttong dd cd mdt sd thi trudng quan ttpng nhic EU, Nhit Ban, Hoa Ky, Nga,...; qua dd tao dyng dupe uy tin tren thi trudng thi gidi.
Ben canh nhiing thuan Ipd, nginh thiiy san Viet Nam cting dting trudc nhilu khd khin, thich thlic. Cu the li: quy hoach vi kiera soat quy hogch trong ci chudi cdn thieu ddng bd, anh hudng ldn den chat lupng tang trudng cting nhu khi nang canh ttanh; chat luong con gidng vi ngudn cung con gidng khdng dn dinh; chi phi con gidng, thiic an, hda chit, nhiln Ulu cao; hilu qua ehl biln cdn thap, phin ldn phu phira thuy san dang bi ling phi; chat lupng sin pham ehl bien khdng ddng diu, ehua bao dara ylu ciu an toin thuc phara va tieu chi vl shih cua nhi nhip khau; tir± ttgng manh raun, thieu vdn, ban che vl trinh dp quan tn doanh nghiep va tinh hen kit Idng leo; gii tri gia ting ciia nganh ehl biln edn thap, eham dupe cii thiln,...
Li thanh phd trung tim vung ddng bing sdng Cuu Long vi ciia ngd ciia vimg ba luu sdng Me Kdng, vdi nhiing vung dat ngap nude quy md ldn, da dang sinh thii. Can Tha cd nhilu dilu kiln thuin Ipi de phit triln san xuat thuy san hang hda tip trung. Nudi ttdng thuy sin di ttd thinh mpt nghi truyin thdng vi khdng ngiing phit triln d Can Tho. Dien tich mat nude ed kha ning nudi tiiiiy sin nude ngot chii yeu phan bd d cic quin, huyen: Binh Thiiy, Cii Rang, Ninh Kilu, 6 Mdn, Thdt Not, CdDd, Phong Dien, Tbdi Lai, Vinh Thgnh.
Trong nhung nam qua, ca ciu sin xuit ndng, lira, ngu nghilp eua Can Tha timg budc chuyen dich theo hudng tap trung chuyen canh, luan cartii phu hop vdi timg dia ban, vdi cac rad hmh sin xuit cd hieu qua nhu Ma - ca, lua - miu.
LYLUANCHINHTRI-S6l2'~r:^
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THl/CTliN-KINH NGHIEM kinh te vudn ket hop du lieh, nudi thuy sin ehuyin eanh, tiing budc nang cao nang suit, chit Iuong, hilu qui gin vdi nhu eau thi trudng.Trong ndi bd nginh, gii tri san xuat thiiy sin cd tde dp ting nhanh.
Nginh chi bien thiiy san Cin Tho phit trien manh, sii dung cdng nghe khi tien tiln, hiln dai, sin lupng ting nhanh. Diy dupe xem ii nganh cdng nghilp chii lue eiia thanh phd, ddng gdp quan ttpng vio su phat trien chung, buih quin hing nam khoing 35-40% tdng gia tri san xuit toan nganh cdng nghiep va ttln 45% gii tri kim ngach xuit khiu. Hiln nay, thinh phd Cin Tha ed tren 30 nha miy che biln thuy sin sir dung lao dOng ky thuat vi miy mdc edng nghe tuang ddi hien dai (edng suit binh quin 100 tin/ngay/
nhi may).
Cdng nghiep ehe bien thuy sin thinh phd Cin Tha phit triln nhanh dua tten eae the mgnh:
(1) Ngudn nguyen lieu phong phu ttr nudi ttdng tiiiiy sin nude ngpt dupe eung cap tgi chd, kip thdi. Nguyen Ueu diu vao cho cdng nghilp chi biln thiiy sin li khau rat quan trpng ttong toan bd qui trinh san xuit; kinh doanh thiiy sin;
ngudn nguyen heu dn dinh, gii ei canh ttanh thi nganh edng nghilp ehl biln thiiy sin cd ca hdi phat triln tdt.
{2) Ngudn lao ddng ddi dao, nhan cdng re.
(3) Tbi trudng tieu thu rdng ldn vi ngiy cang dupe md rdng. Thinh phd hiln cd ban 10 mat hang xuit khau chu lue cd khi nang canh ttanh ttln thi trudng. Trong dd, 2 mat hang chu lye li ggo vi thiiy sin chilm ty ttpng eao ttong tdng gii tri kim nggeh xuat khau eua thinh phd.
Sd lieu thdng ke tinh hinh kinh te - xa hdi 9 thing diu nam 2019 eiia thinh phd Cin Tho cho thiy: (1) diln tich nudi ttdng thuy sin udc dat 6.225 ha, ttong do cd: ffien tieh nudi ei tta thim canh, bin thim canh ude dat 811 ha; (2) nudi
tiiuy sin Idng be udc dgt 337 be, tip tiung chii ylu d cac quin 6 Mdn, Thdt Not, Bmh Thuy; (3) sin lupng nudi ttdng thuy sin udc dat 164.776 tan; (6) chi sd phit triln sin xuit cdng nghilp udc thuc hien ting 7,54% so vdi ciing ky nam trudc, ttong dd, nganh edng nghilp ehe bien ehl tao ting 7,76%, mdt sd sin phara dat miic ting ttudng khi nhir. Phi ll ddng lanh tang 21,14%;
tdm ddng lanh ting 16,35%.
Song, ben cgnh nhiing kit qui dgt dupe, nginh cdng nghiep chlbien thuy sin thanh phd eung gip khdng ft khd khin vi cdn mdt sd hgn che ve trinh do cdng nghe, ky thuit va ning luc canh tranh, nhit Ii ddi vdi nhting tiii tnidng ylu cau eao...
Dl phit huy tiim nang, lpi the cua thinh phd Cin Tha, thue day cdng nghilp ehl biln thiiy sin phit triln nhanh, bin viing, can nghiln ciiu tim ra nhung giai phap khic phyc ban ehl, vuot qua khd khin, thach tinic. Trong dd, can tgp tnmg giai quyit hai van de ldn:
Thiinhit, v ^ dl nguyin U0u
Thuc t l cho thay, ttr nhieu nam nay, cdng nghiep che bien thiiy sin thinh phd Cin Tha gap phai tinh trang thilu nguyen heu dau vio, ngudn cung iing nguyen lieu khdng dn dinh, nhilu nhi miy chi biln hoat ddng khdng hit cdng suit. Van de gia ting ngudn nguyen lieu eho ehlbiln thiiy san, tuy ludn dupe nganh tiiuy sin thanh pho quan tara diu tu phat ttien, nhung vin tdn tai nhiing thich thuc khdng nhd.
Dd li, (!) nhting vin de Uln quan din ve sinh an toan tiiue pham; (2) tinh trang phat triln nguyin hiu ttr nudi trdng thiiy sin vin edn tmh tu phit, chua tiiyc su theo quy hoach va mang tinh raay nil cao ttong viec giii quyit eac sy cd phit smh ve benh dieh vi radi tnidng.
Sd lieu ciia Cue Thdng kl thanh phd Can Tha vl diln ti'eh nudi thiiy sin vi san lupng thuy sin giai doan 2015 - 2018 nhu sau:
LYLUAN CHINHTRI-SO12/2019
J3
Bang 1: Dien tich nu6i trong va san lucmg thuy san thanh pho Can Tha<'>
Tongsd T6m Ca ThUy san khac
10.940 34 10.681 225
Dien tich t
8.421 41 8.118
262 uoi ttong (ha)
8.256 7.314 25 10 7.918 7.284
313 20 172.412
35 171.272
1.105 San lifdnc
166.439 39 164.987 1.413
thuy san (tan)
191.827 37 189.700 2.090
216.784 33 214.647 2.104
Tu bang so lieu tr^n, ta thSy: dien tich nuoi trdng thiiy san g i ^ qua cac nSm, song san lupng thiiy san tang. Ly do cua thuc trang tren la do SII dung giong mdi hieu qua hon, ky thuat nuoi trdng thuy san phat trien, nang su^t nuoi trdng tang...
San luong cua mgtsdsanpham thiiy san che bien ddu tSng qua cac nam (Bang 2).
Do do, de giai quyet van dd nay can tap trung vao cac giai phap sau;
Mot la, can co quy hoach va tuan thii quy hoach phat tridn hgp ly ngudn nguySn lieu tu nudi ttdng thuy san n h t o tang tdng san lugng thuy san dung cho cong nghiep che bidn. Cu thd la, theo Quyet dinh so 102/QD-UBND, ngay 16- 1-2017 ciia (ly ban nhan dan dianh phd Can Tho vd vide phe duyet quy hoach tdng the phat trien thiiy san thanh phd Cto Tho ddn nam 2020, dinh hudng ddn nam 2030 thi quy hoach dien tich nuoi thiiy san toan thanh phoddnnam2020 la 12.500 ha, ddn n t o 2030 la 14 nghin ha. Tdc
do ttog truang binh quto ve didn tich giai doan 2016-2020 la 3,12%/nam, san luong nudi thiiy sto toto thtoh pho den ntol 2020 dat 236.500 tto va den ntoi 2030 dat 263 nghin tto. Co cau sto lugng cac ddi tugng chu yen la c^ tra chiem 84,5%, ke den la cac doi tugng ca nudi trong muong, vudn chidm 9,1% cac ddi tugng nudi c6nl^khotog6,4%.
Gia tri sto xu^t nudi thiiy sto (theo gia hien htoh) den ntai 2020 dat 5 nghin ty ddng, ttog ldn 6.500 ty ddng vto nSm 2030. Trong do, t^
ttpng gia tn sto lugng tir ca chiem khotog 99%
(ca tta chiem khotog 83%), con lai la tdm va thiiy sto khac.
Hai lit, bd tri quy hoach cac nha may che bien gto Hen vcd quy hoach viing nguydn lieu tap trung. Doanh nghiep phai ky hgp ddng bao heu sto phfai cho nong dto va cac co s6 nudi ttdng thuy sto... voi gia ca hgp ly. Nguyen lieu phai dap itng ydu cau khSt khe cua cdng nghiep chd bidn, ciing nhu thi ttudng, bto d t o cac tieu
Bang 2: Mot so san pham cong nghifp che bien thuy san chii yeu"
B "-^ev" •-
19m cac loai (tan) ThOy san d6ng lanh khac (tan) Mirc dong lanh (tan) Nufc mam (1000 lit)
8.160 326.805 116 215
, ; • . : . , , - , » • ; ; . •
19.779 194.495 9 62
v:v''''^
22.583 177.883 97 7.583
25.222 153.673 218 67
27.451 155.604 225 75
LYLUAN C H l N H T R ! - S i l 12 ""•
i J l THlfCTlJN - KINH NGHllM
chuan vl smh an toan thuc p h i m theo quy dinh ciia p h i p luit.
Thiihai, d i l biln v i tilu thy thiiy s i n Theo Quyet dinh sd 102/QD-UBND, ngiy 16- 1-2017 ciia Uy ban nhan d i n thinh phd Cin Tha thi hien tai eong suit thilt ke da du thira so vol thuc te s i n xuit. Vi viy, huong phit tiiln ttong thoi gian toi li: phit huy eong suit hiln co, dong thoi ddi mai diy chuyin cong nghe theo huong hiln dai, tu dpng h o i eao v i ehe bien nhiing sin pham CO gia tri gia ting cao. Can Tha ein phii tich cue thue hiln eae giai p h i p sau:
- Day manh xiic tiln thuong mai ddi voi eie m i t bang tiiiiy sin ehe biln de huong tai cic thi truang Ian, ylu ciu cao.
- Khong ngung nang eao chit Iuong, xiy dung thuong hieu hing thiiy sin c h i biln.
- Day manh eong tie quan Iy chit lupng hing boa, tilu chuin chat lupng ve sinh an toan thuc pham.
- Phit triln cic trung t i m nghiln ciiu v i du b i o thi truang, thuong xuyen cung cip thong tin v l thi hilu tilu diing, ylu cau chat lupng, gii c i va du b i o xu the, khuynh huong phat triln thi truong...
- VI ea eiu thi trudng xuit khiu thiiy sin, tiieoJ^uyet dinh sd 102/QD-UBND ngay 16-1- 2017, gom: ' ; •
khiu den n i m 2030. Ngoai cic thi tmong ehmh l i H i Lan, Anh, Diie, Tiy Ban Nha, Y, e i n m o rdng sang cie nuoc Ddng Au, die bilt la Ukrahia v i Cpng boa Liln bang Nga.
(2) Thi tiiiong chiu My: Duy tii tii 19%-20%
gia tri kim ngach xuit khau thuy sin, chu ylu la thi tnrong My v i Braxin.
(3) Thi truong chau A: t^ trpng xuit khau a mue 37%-37,5% moi nam. Chu ylu Ii ASEAN, Nhit Ban, Han Qudc v i Tnmg Qudc.
(4) Cic thi trudng khic nhin chau Phi, chiu Uc, Tnmg Dong duy tri a muc 6% - 6,5% moi nim.
Ngoai ra, van d l vdn diu tu v i ehinh saeh tin dung ddi voi cic doanh nghiep e h l bien thuy sin a thinh phd Cin Tho cung dar^ l i vin d l "ndng"
cin quan tam giai quyit mpt eich thoa ding.
Phat huy Ipi t h i va su dung hilu qua tiim nang dit, mat nuoc... cua thanh phd Can Tho de phat trien eong nghiep che bien thuy sin theo huong nang cao gii tri gia ting v i phat trien ben vimg l i van d l eo t i m chien lupe ttong phit trien kinh te - xi hpi ciia Thanh phd •
(1) Cvic Thdng kl Thanh phd Can Tho: MIn giim thdngke thinh phd Cin Tho 2018, Nxb Thdngke, HaNpi, 2019, tt;364,366.#^^i 4
(2) Ngttdn: Cue ^ f e i g k e tiianh p & d ^ Thfigjtf^
-(l) TI4 tirudng chau Au: duy tri ty,ttpng xuat -^am thdng kd Thirih pMCin^Tha2018,'TWi k h i a v a d t i i i t r u d i M n a y a m i ^ 3 ? ^ ' f i a t r i x u a P ^ thdngke,F-*^= " " ' " ^""^ '''^^-~-^- -
LtLUANCHiNHTR!-S6l2/2019
