P H A T T R I E N N G U O N N H A N Lire CUNG CAP DICH VU CONG TAC XA HOI DOI V6l NGUdl NGHIEN MA TtJY
LE THI THUY<*'
Tom tat: TrUdc nhUng diSn bien phvtc tap va sU biing no cua cac loai chi't gay nghien, cac loai ma tuy, viec dieu tri cai nghien va cung cdp dich vu cdng tac xa hgi trong dieu tri nghien ma tuy la v6 cdng quan trgng. ThUc t&'tai VietNam con thieu vaye'u ve dpi ngu nguon nhan lUc nay. Bai vie't nay di cip deh nhiing yeu ciu phat trien nguon nhan luc cung cd'p dich vu cong tac xa hpi trong diiu tri nghien ma tuy, chi ra thUc trang yeii kem ve nguon nhin lUc trong diiu tri nghiin; dong thdi, di xuat mpt sd giai phap nhim xiy dUng, phat trien va nang cao chit lUdng nguon nhan lUc cung cap dich vu cong tac xa hpi trong cong tac dieu tri nghiSn ma tiiy nhim hudng tdi sU on dmh va phit triin xa hpi
Tdkhoa: Nguon nhin lUc; dich vu cong tac xa hpi vdi ngudi nghien ma tuy; ngudn nhan luc cung cdp dich vu cong tac xa hpi vdi ngUdi nghien ma tuy.
Abstract: Facing the outburst of drug abuse, addiction treatment and providing social work services in treating drug addiction become very important. This article discussed requirements in developing human resources in providing social work services in drug addiction intervention.
Shortcomings in human resources in addiction treatment were pointed out to propose solutions to enhance human resources in providing social work services in drug addiction treatment.
Keywords: Human resources; social work service; drug addict.
Ngay nhin bai: 14/4/2019; Ngay sda bai: 20/5/2019; Ngay duyet dang bai: 24/6/2019.
1. Nhvifng yeu cau p h a t t r i e n nguon n h a n Iflc c u n g cap dich vu cong t a c xa hoi doi vdi ngu'di n g h i e n ma t u y
Viet Nam Men nay cd Iflc Iflpng lao ddng Idn, khoang 52.207.000 ngudi; hang nam trung binh c6 khdang 1,5-1,6 trieu thanh nien bUdc vao tudi lao ddng*^'. Dieu nay mpt mat, tao ed hdi cho nin Mnh te cd bude phat trien manh me; mat khac, tao sfle ep Idn ve giai quye't viec lam va dao tao nghl nghiep. Nhu ciu dao tao nghe nghiep cua ngfldi lao ddng ngay cang eao hdn ca ve sd' Ifldng va chit Ifldng dd mfle thu nhap ngay cang cao, do ehuyen dich cd cau Mnh te, do qua trinh do thi boa ngay cang manh me, do sfl xuit Men cua nhflng nganh, nghe mdi,...dac biet ddi vdi linh vflc edng tac xa hpi vdi ngfldi nghien ma tfly. Sfl phat trien ngudn nhan Mc can dap flng yeu ciu phat Q ] N H A N LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdi
trien can bing hdn gifla cac viing mien, xuit phat tfl yeu ciu gifl vflng dn dinh cMnh tri, bao dam an ninh, qud'e phdng de phat trien dat nfldc.
Tfl bdi canh tren, phat trien nguon nhan luc cung cip dich vu cdng tac xa hdi dang dflng trfldc nhflng thach thflc va yeu ciu cao: Thd nhat, Viet Nam phai ed du nhan Me de cd kha nang thara gia vao qua trinh van hanh cua cac chudi gia tri toan ciu trong xu the cae tap doan xuyen qudc gia ed anh hudng ngay cang Idn vdi nhflng diln bie'n phflc tap eua tdi pham raa tuy va su da dang cua cac loai Mnh ma tuy. Thd hai, nguon nhan luc cung
*' NCS. Khoa C6ng tac xa hoi. Hoc vi|n Khoa hoc xa h6i.
'"Ket qua khao sat cua tac gia tren mot so tai Mu thfl ca'p, nam 2018.
SO 7-2011
LE THI THUY cip dich vu cdng tac xa hdi vdi ngfldi
nghien ma tfly phai cd nang Iflc, cd ki§'n thflc, ky nang chuydn mdn thich flng vdi tinh trang phflc tap cua loai chit ma tuy;
ed kha nang dl ra cac giai phap gia tang cd hpi phat triin trong dieu ki§n thay doi cua thdi dai cdng nghe, trong moi quan he kinh te gifla cac khu vflc cd lien quan de'n ma tfly. Ddng thdi, nhan Iflc cung cap dich vu edng tae xa hpi phai dfldc dao tad de cd kha nang tham gia lao ddng d nfldc ngoai do tinh trang thie'u lad ddng d nhieu qudc gia phat trien de phat huy ldi th§' cua thdi ky dan sd' vang; cd du nang Iflc de tham gia vdi cdng ddng qudc te giai quyet nhflng van de mang tinh toan cau va khu vUc trong do co van de ma tfly va phdng chdiig ma tfly.
2. Thflc t r a n g nguon n h ^ n Iflc c u n g cap dich vu cong tac xa hoi doi vdi ngfldi nghien m a tuy
2.1. Uu diem
Hien nay, ngudn nhan Iflc Mm viec chinh trong edng tac phdng chdng te nan xa hpi cua ca nude "cd 12.503 ngUdi, g i n 57% trong bien che, hdn 87% Mem nhiem (cap xa 92%); khoang 31% can bp ed trinh dp dai hpe, gin 27,5% nganh tam ly, xa hdi va hdn 40% eae nganh khdng gin vdi chuyen mdn ve linh vflc ma tuy. Ca nfldc cd 105 ed sd eai nghien ma tuy cdng lap va 35 Diem tfl vin tai cdng ddng. Tdng so' ngfldi Mm viec trong cac cd sd cai nghien ma tfly cdng lap nam 2001 la 1.235 ngfldi, tang len 5.784 ngudi vao nam 2005 va dat 6.118 ngfldi vao nam 2011, dg'n nam 2016 cd 6.374 ngfldi va dn dinh tfldng ddi din ngay nay"'^'. Nhfl vay, ehflng ta da cd ngudn nhan Iflc cai nghien ma tuy pho rpng tren khip ca nfldc.
$07-2019
Ke't qua khao sat cua tac gia eho thiy:
Tai Cd sd eai nghien so' 5, Xuan Phfldng, Tfl Liem, Ha Npi da phin can bd la nam cMem ty le 87,5%, cM cd 12,5% la nfl. Vl dp tudi, dudi 35 tudi cMem ty le rat cao (84,35%); 9,4%o sd' can bp tren 35 tudi va 6,25% so'can bd tren 50 tudi. Trinh dp hpe v i n cua dpi ngu can bd cua Trung tam kha cao, cd 6% trinh dp tren dai hpc, so' ngudi cd trinh dp cao dang chiem ty le 28,5%, cM cd 3% la trinh dp trung cip. Dac biet, ty le Cd trinh dp dai hpe la 62,5%, chiim tdi 2/3 tdng so' can bp quan ly'^'. Vdi mat bing trinh dp v l cac nganh nhU tren rat thuan ldi cho edng tac dad tao, phat trien chuyen mdn trong hoat dpng nghl nghiep ngay cang ddi hdi cao cua xa hdi, dae biet la hoat ddng eung cip dieh vu cdng tac xa hpi cho ngudi nghien raa tuy.
Tudng tu nhu v^y, tai Cd sd cai ngMen sd' 1, Ba Vi, Ha Ndi, ket qua khao sat cho t h i y ngudn nhin Iflc chu yeu ed trinh dp ehuyen mon, nghiep vu tfl cac nganh Cong tac xa hpi, tam ly, y te, bae si, dieu dfldng hay giao due... Dpi ngu can bd cd trinh dp chuyen mdn va thdi gian cdng tac tflPng ddi lau nam va gin bd vdi cdng tac cai ngMen ma tuy. Can bp tai Trung tam ed thdi gian lam viec treng linh vflc eai ngMen phuc hdi tfl tren 3 nam - 10 nam chie'm ty le cao (65,6%)*'*'. Day la yiu to'cho thiy sfl gin bd eua dpi ngu lam nghe.
H i u bet dpi ngu can bd tai Trung tam cd bieu hien dung mflc, than thien, edi md va chan tbanb ddi vdi hpc vien. Vin de ky thi hay phan biet ddi xfl vdi hpe vien tai Trung tam la khdng ed. The hien cu the qua sd'lieu cua bieu ddi dfldi day:
'^* So heu tham khao tai: http, Thai bao tai cbinh Viet Nam.
<^' K§t qua khao sat cua tac gia, nam 2018,
<** Ket qua khao sat ciia tac gia, nam 201S
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdi Q
Bieu do 1. Thai do cua doi ngu nhan vi§n cung cap dich vu Cong tac xa hoi
I Nhiet tinh, than thien • Nghiem khac • Gh4t bo, ky thi
0%^0%
(Nguon: Sd'lieu khao sat cua tie gia, 2018) Hau he't cac Trung tam/ Cd sd cai
nghien deu xae dinh cam hda hpc vien khdng cM bing ky Mat nghiem ma cdn bing ca tinh yeu thfldng, sfl cam thdng va tdn trpng hpc vien. Mdi can bd vfla la ngudi thay, ngUdi quan ly, vfla la ngudi ban san sang se cMa nhflng vui budn trong cude sd'ng vdi eac hpc vien. Trong nhflng budi sinh boat, ben canh tuyen truyen, phd bie'n Men thflc phap Mat, Trung tam/ Cd sd ludn khuyen khich cac hpc vien neu cao tinh thin phe binh va tfl phe binh, thara gia ddng gdp sfla ddi hanh vi cho nhau, eung nhau sinh hoat van hda, van nghe, t h i due, the thao. Phdng vin can bp Cd sd, anh D.T.H cho Met; "Da sd' hpe vien cM sau vai t u i n vao Trung tam da cit dfldc cdn ngMen va chuyen sang giai doan phuc hdi dU phdng tai ngMen, tac phong sinh hoat eua hp da cd nhflng ehuyen Men, thay ddi tieh cfle hdn". Hpe vien H.D.L, 20 tudi, Sdn Tay eung eho thiy: "Vao day, cae cin bd thfldng xuyen nim b i t tam tU nguyen vpng cua hpc vien
nen em thay yen tam hdn va tin rang, minh ed the cai nghien dfldc de trd ve vdi gia dinh".
Ngay tfl khau tiep nhan, cac Trung tam/Cd sd eai nghien da tien hanh danh gia, sang Ipc, phan loai hpc vien. Sau kM dieu tri cat cdn va chfla cac benh thdng thudng ma hpc vien hay gap phai, cac hpc vien dfldc chuydn de'n khu ndi tru, dfldc giao due, lao ddng tri lieu. Khi do, vai tro cua can bd Trung tam/ Cd sd dfldc the hien rd net, can bp se bd' tri cdng viec sao cho phu hdp vdi sfle khde, sd trudng cua tflng hpe vien de cae hpc vien phat huy tinh than va trach nhiem lae dpng. Trong thdi gian tfl 6-24 thang, cae hpc vien se dfldc each ly vdi ben ngoai va thuc hien theo cac quy dinh eua cd sd ed sd de cit cdn, phuc hdi sfle khde. Nhieu hpc vien sau mot thdi gian ren luyen da cd ban cat cdn nghien, cd the khdng con le thude vao ma tuy.
Bang nhflng nd lUc cua ban than cflng sU giup dd cua can bd, nhieu ngudi nghien raa tuy lau nam da cd sU tien bo. Nhin Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHU
LE THI THUY chung, dpi ngu bac sy, nhan vien phuc vu
dUde dao tao chuyen sau, cd tinh than trach nMem vdi b$nh nhan va than nhan cua hp. Day la mpt trong nhflng yiu td' gdp phin quan trpng tao nen kit qua khich le cua Trung tam.
Han chi'
Ben canh nhflng mat flu diem tren ngudn nhan Iflc cung cap dich vu cdng tac xa hdi doi vdi ngfldi nghien raa tuy tai cac Trung tam, Cd sd eai nghien dudi sfl quan ly ciia nha nfldc va tfl nhan cdn nhiiu han ehe:
Thd nhat, dpi ngu can bd lam nghe tai cae Cd sd, Trung tam dieu tri nghien ma tuy cdn thieu Men thflc, ky nang chuyen mdn trong hd trd dieu tri eai nghien raa tfly va linh vflc cdng tac xa hpi vdi ngUdi nghien ma tfly. Ngudn nhan lUe lam edng tae eai nghien ma tuy khdng dn dinh, so nhan lue ed trinh dd cao edn it, ty le nhan vien ed chuyen mdn v l diiu tri nghien khdng nhiiu, chu ye'u dUdc dao tao qua eae ldp tap h u i n nang eao
nhan thfle va ren luyen ky nang do chinh phii va cac td chflc Phi chinh phu hd trd td chflc, dae biet nguen nhan Iflc cung cap dich vu cdng tac xa hdi vdi ngudi nghien ma tuy cdn thie'u va yeu. Nhan lUc CO chuyen mdn khdng chuyen ve diiu tri cai nghien ma tfly chie'm tdi 63%, mdt so' nganh phfl hdp hdn nhfl tam ly, cdng tae xa hdi cung khdng nhieu, ty le nay chiim 20% (Cdn gin 50% so' Cd sd eai nghien khdng ed bac si, bd phan y te chu yiu la y sy va diiu dfldng vien). Dieu nay the hien ro qua ket qua khao sat tai Trung tam/Cd sd cai nghien ma tuy:
Ridng ve trinh dp chuyen mdn Cdng tac xa hdi chiem ty le cao n h i t la (31,25%);
nganh tam ly hpc (21,8%); dieu dfldng, y t§' chie'm 36,95%; bac si chie'm 10%, cdn lai la cac nganh khac.
Kd't qua khao sat ve sU anh hudng cua dpi ngu can bd cung ca'p dich vu Cdng tac xa hdi ddi vdi ngUdi nghien ma tfly tai cac Trung tam/Cd sd cai ngMen cdn the Men trong bang so' lieu dfldi day:
Bang 1. Miic do a n h hflcfng cua doi ngu can bg cung cap dich vu Cong t a c xa hoi
s
TT
1
Cac yeu to
Can bo, nhan vien CO sU hieu biet sau va rong vl linh vijc nghien ma tiiy va each dieu tri, phuc hoi giup hoc vien
Hien co tai Ctf soi/Trung tam Co (0
206
%
65.97 Khong (fl
132
%
35 86
Cac mijrc do anh hijdng de'n hieu qua cung cap dich vu cong tac xa hoi vdi
ngifdi nghien ma tiiy Rat anh
hudng (f)
139
(%)
37 77 Anh hiidng
(fl
88
(%)
23,91 Khong anh
hifdng (fl
88
(%)
23.91 Diem
TB
X
1.86 Thfl bac
TB
4
s i 7-2019 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI Q ]
s
TT
2
3
4
5
Cac yeu to
Can bo, nhan vien CO icy nang giao tiep va tu van dieu tri nghien ma tuy Can bg, nhan vien CO thai do chan thanh, ccii racf viii hoc vien Can bo nhan vien, Ithat Idie va nghiem tuc khi lam viec v6i hoc vign Can bo, nhan vien biet each cham soc va d6ng vien hoc vien kip thdi
Hien CO tai Ctf sd/Trung tam Co (fl
206
184
176
184
%
55.97
50
47.82
60 Khong (fl
126
154
164
132
%
33.96
41.84
41.84
35.86
Cac mflc do anh hfldng d^n hieu qua cung cap dich vu cong tac xa hoi vdi
ngfldi nghien ma tiiv Rat anh
hfldng (0
132
139
117
132 J
(%)
35 86
37.77
31.79
36.86
Anh hfldng (0
88
88
132
126
(%)
23.91
23.91
35.86
33.96 Khong anh
hfldng (0
96
96
73
59
(%)
26.08
26.08
19.83
16.03 Diem tning binh chung
Diem TB
X
1.81
1.87
1.86
1.91 1.76
Thfl bac
TB
5
2
3
1
(Nguon: Sd'lieu khao sat cua tac gia, nam 2018)
Trong b a n g so' lieu t r e n , cac yeu td' ve t r i n h dp, n a n g lue c h u y e n mdn va t h a i dp, sU a n can, n i i m nd cua dpi n g u can bp eung cap dich v u cdng tac xa hdi cho hpe vien cai n g h i e n dUdc hpc vien t r a ldi ca h a i mflc "Cd" va "Khdng", t r o n g dd mfle "Co"
cd t y le p h i n t r a m cao hdn dao dpng tfl 47,82% d e n 55,97%, mflc "Khdng" co t y le p h a n t r a m t h i p hdn dao ddng tfl 33,96%
de'n 41,84%. Dieu n a y cho t h i y hpc vien d a n h gia tUdng ddi cao ve t r i n h dp n a n g Iflc cung n h u t h a i dp cua dpi ngu can bd.
H i u he't hpe vien cho r a n g c i c y e u to' dUdc k h a o s a t thude y e u to' " T r i n h dp, n a n g Mc c u a dpi n g u n h a n vien t a i T r u n g t a m / Cd sd eai nghien"e6 a n h h u d n g d e n viee cung c i p dich v u Cdng t a c xa hdi cho hpe vien eai n g h i e n t a i T r u n g tam/Cd sd cai ngMen, diem t r u n g b i n h e h u n g la t h a p X = 1.76.
Thuc te, l i n h vuc cai n g h i e n m a tfly la linh vuc dac thfl khd k h a n va phflc tap, dpi ngfl c a n bd p h a i chiu sfle ep Idn til cdng viec n e n r i t c a n g t h i n g , khd cd the t a m h u y e t ca cude ddi cho s u ngMep dieu Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOCXA HOI
LE THI THUY tri ngM$n. Mdt so' can bd phai bd viec, xin
ngM viec... Can bp lam trong linh vflc nay chfla thflc sfl yen tam cdng tac nhat la nhflng vflng sau, vflng xa. Hdn nfla cMnh sach dai ngp thu hflt nhan Iflc cdn han che, mpt sd' dia phfldng cd che dp flu dai Idn nhflng ciing khd thu hflt dfldc nhan Iflc cd trinh dp, tam huyet de lam viee lau dai nha't la ddi vdi cac bac si, tfl van vien... Ben canh do, da phin cic cd sd cai nghien ma tuy chfla xay dflng dfldc d l an vi tri viec lam, vi vay nMeu trfldng hdp tuyen dung khong phu hdp vdi nhu ciu cong viee dieu tri eai nghien ma tfly. H i u het can bd Trung tam dfldc tuyen dung theo yeu ciu ve quan ly giao due hpc vien cai nghien b i t budc. Do vay, kinh nghiem edng tae chu yl^u nghieng ve quan ly nMiu hdn, cac hdat dpng tU van/tham van, giad due, dac biet la kie'n thflc, ky nang ve ceng tac xa hdi cflng nhfl cung cip dieh vu cdng tac xa hpi cdn han che. Ben canh do, cac cd sd cai nghien chfla thflc Men dfldc cd ehe tfl chu nen edng tae quan ly can bd cdn chfla cao, cdng tac bdi dfldng chuyen mdn, nghiep vu cdn ban ehe, ehua thfldng xuyen, kinh phi edn han hep.
Thd hai, dpi ngu giang vien giang day diiu tri ngMen ma tfly cdn thieu va ye'u, dac biet dpi ngu giang vien giang day ve dich vu cdng tae xa hpi ddi vdi ngfldi ngMen ma tfly. Hien nay, mdi cM co mdt so' ca nhan dUdc dad tad tfl eac td chflc NGOs, mpt so' giang vien cua rapt sd trfldng dfldc dao tao bai ban ve ngMen ma tuy nhfl Hpe vien Canh sat, Hpc vien An ninh, Trfldng Dai hpc Y Ha Npi, Dai hpc Y dfldc Thanh phd Ho CM Minh, Dai hpc Lao ddng xa hdi, Dai hpc Khoa hpc xa hpi
va Nhan van, Hpe vien Phu nfl, Hpc vien Thanh thieu nien, Dai hpc Y te cdng cdng...
Vi vay can dao tao nguon nhan Iflc giang day ve dieu tri ngMen ma tfly mdt each bai ban va chuyen sau.
Thd ba, hiu bet cac chUdng trinh dao tao Cdng tac xa hpi la chUdng trinh dao tao chung tdng the nganh cdng tac xa hdi, khdng di sau va chua cd nganh diiu tri nghi$n ma tuy. Linh vUe ma tfly cM dfldc dao tao thdng qua eac khda tap huan ngin ban hoac dfldc long vao thanh mpt vai mdn hpc gid'ng nhfl cac mdn hpc khac trong cac trfldng cd dao tao ve Cdng tac xa hpi nhu Dai hpc Lao ddng xa hdi, Dai hpc Thai Nguyen, Dai hpc Khoa hpc xa hdi va Nhan van Ha Ndi va Thanh phd' Hd CM Minh, Dai hpc Y, Dfldc... Dao tao vl ly thuyd't diiu tri nghien chfla gan vdi thuc hanh nMeu, hieu qua eung cip dich vu chua eao. Thara cM rapt so' chUdng trinh dao tao eua rapt so' trUdng cdn chUa ed mdn hpe lien quan den linh vflc ma tfly va dieu tri nghien ma tuy. Ndi dung kie'n thflc va ky nang cM tie't trong Iinh vUe ma tfly va diiu tri ngMen Men nay cdn ehua cd sfl chuan hda, chUa dupc cap nhat thudng xuyen. Chung ta mdi ed mdt sd ndi dung v l diiu tri nghien do sU phoi hdp cua Nha nUdc vdi cae to chflc phi cMnh phu, cd sU hd trd cua cac chuyen gia. Hinh thflc dao tao mdi thUe Men dudi dang tap huin ngin ban do cac to chflc PM cMnh phu hoae sfl phdi hdp gifla td chflc phi chinh phu va Bp Lao dpng, Bd Y te thflc Men.
Hpc vien theo hpc chu ye'u la Mem nhiem, hp la can bd trong cac Cd sd diiu tri, cac bac si, cac giang vien giang day ve Cdng tae xa hdi. Vi vay, khdng phai ai thara gia
SO 7-2019 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI J^
t a p h u a n eung c h u y e n t a m va n h i e t h u y e t vdi h o a t dpng dieu t r i cai n g h i e n m a tfly.
Dflng trudc nhflng t h a c h thflc va yeu cau cao cua xa hpi ve dich v u cdng tae xa hdi ddi vdi ngfldi ngMen m a tfly, can ed nhflng chien lUdc, giai p h a p xay dUng va p h a t t r i e n n g u d n n h a n Iflc cung c i p dich v u cdng tac xa hpi mdt each b a i b a n va k h o a hpc theo cae cap bac n h i m giup ngfldi n g h i e n co t h e tiep can dupe dich v u d i i u t r i eai n g h i e n p h u hdp h u d n g de'n dn d i n h va p h a t t r i e n d a t nUdc.
3 . M o t so' g i a i p h a p p h a t t r i e n n g u o n n h a n Iflc c u n g c a p d i c h v u C o n g t a c x a h o i do'i v 6 i ngfldfi n g h i e n m a t u y
T r o n g bdi c a n h xa hpi p h a t t r i e n cd sfl t h a y ddi da d a n g va phflc t a p eae loai c h i t gay n g h i e n , cac loai h i n h sfl d u n g va t r o n g cac mdi q u a n h e eua ngudi sfl d u n g cha't gay n g h i e n , h e thd'ng hd trd, e u n g c i p dieh v u edng tac xa hpi c i n cd sU t h a y ddi p h u hpp, cd sU ke't ndi gifla n h a c u n g cap va ngudi sfl d u n g dich vu. H d n nfla, can ed sfl t h a y ddi dong bp, n h a t q u a n t r o n g h e thd'ng hd trd, ddng thdi cd sfl k e t ndi gifla ea n h S n , gia d i n h va xa hpi. Cac b e n t h a m gia can cd sfl cam k e t va quye't t a r a thflc Men dUa t r e n n i n t a n g t i n t u d n g va thd'ng n h a t vdi n h a u .
Mac dfl c h u n g t a da cd sU g i n k e t gifla ly t h u y e t va t h u c h a n h nhUng t h u c t e thflc h a n h k h d n g cd sfl k i e m soat v l m a t kie'n thflc, ky n a n g va ky t h u a t , t h a m chi k h d n g kid'm soat dupe. Vi vay, r a t c i n t h i e t p h a i xay dUng dpi n g u g i a m sett ho t r p c h u y e n m d n t r o n g l i n h vUc d i i u t r i n g h i e n m a t u y , x a y dflng cd che hdp t a c dao t a o cd sfl phdi hdp giam s a t hd t r p tfl
c h u y e n gia cflng nhfl tfl M^m hua'n vien cd sd.
Cac giai p h a p cu t h e :
Thd nha't, xay dUng va hoan thiin chie'n lUdc tong the phit trien nguon nhan lUc cung cap dich vu cong tac xa hpi vdi ngudi nghien ma tuy.
De" l a m dflpc d i i u n a y , ddi hdi chflng ta c i n n g h i e n cflu s a u v l thfle t e dich vu cdng t a c xa hdi cho ngfldi n g M e n m a tfly vdi tfl duy dot p h a va t i m n M n l a u dai, p h u hdp vdi thflc t i l n ddi mdi h i e n nay.
Chie'n Mdc tdng t h e p h a t t r i e n ngudn n h a n Mc cung cap dich v u cdng t a c xa hpi vdi ngudi n g h i e n m a tfly p h a i xac d i n h ro muc tieu, quy md, Id t r i n h va nhflng cd che, cMnh sach tdng t h e ddi vdi dpi ngu l a m n g h e cdng tac xa hpi cd lien q u a n de'n dieu t r i nghien m a tfly. Dieu q u a n t r p n g la mue t i e u cMen lUdc c i n Uu t i e n k h i c phue m a u t h u a n gifla p h a t t r i e n ve so' Mdng, eha't Mdng va cd eau; xac d i n h quy rao, sd lupng va cd ca'u ehd p h u hdp vdi dich vu cdng tac xa hdi t r o n g d i i u t r i n g M e n ma tuy. Xay dUng ehie'n Mde vdi Id t r i n h thuc hien hdp ly, cd t i n h d u bao eao, m a n g tinh t o a n dien va ddng bd, ddng thdi h o a n thien cd ehe, chinh sach dac thfl de p h a t trien ngudn n h a n Mc c h a t Mpng cao v l dich vu cdng tac xa hdi vdi ngudi n g h i e n m a tfly.
Ben canh dd, c i n l a m tdt edng t a e giao due, t u y e n t r u y e n n h i m n a n g cao n h a n thflc cua cac cap, b a n n g a n h va t o a n dan v l m a tfly, tae h a i cua m a t u y va each thfle phdng ngfla m a tfly, g i a m t i n h t r a n g ngudi nghien ma tfly va phdng chdng tdi p h a m lien q u a n de'n m a t u y . Ddng thdi giao due t u y e n t r u y i n ve vi tri, t a m q u a n trpng, muc tieu, ndi d u n g va phfldng
Q
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI SO 7-2019LE THI THUY hudng xay dflng, phat triin ngudn nhan
Iflc chat Ifldng cao v l dieh vu cdng tac xa hpi trong dieu tri ngMen ma tfly nhat la trong thdi dai phat trien eiia cudc each mang cdng ngMep 4.0.
Thd hai, xiy dUng va hoan tbien he thdng cd che, chinh sach vi phat triin nguon nhan lUc chat lUdng cao cung cdp dich vu cong tie xa hpi trong dieu tri nghien ma tiiy.
Phai thfldng xuyen diiu cMnh, bd sung va hoan thien he thd'ng cd che, chinh sach nhim tao hanh lang phap ly thuan ldi cho viec phat trien nguon nhan Iflc chit Ifldng cao d nfldc ta. Diiu nay phai dUde thue hien ddng bd tren nMiu phUdng di§n nhU:
giao due - dao tao, khoa hpc - cdng nghe, mdi trudng lam viec, chinh sach viec Mm, thu nhap, an smh xa hdi, bao hiem, bao trd xa hdi, cham sde sfle khde... Cu the, chung ta ein tao sfl dot pha v l dai ngd, tdn vinh nguon nhan Ifle ehit lfldng, tdn vinh nhflng c i nhan cd thanh tich cao trong ddng gop sfle minh cho cong cupc phdng ehd'ng ma tfly, trong boat dpng giang day v l ma tuy cflng nhfl trong hoat dpng cung cip dich vu trflc ti§'p va gian tiep cho ngfldi ngMen ma tfly. Ngoai ra, cin thflc Men chinh sach tien Ifldng linh hoat theo tieu cM tai nang va hieu qua ddng gdp eua ca nhan va tap the; tae mdi trudng lam viec treng sach, thuan ldi eiing nhu cd hdi thang tie'n de tao ddng lUc thuc day, khuyen khieh hp tham gia lae ddng sang tao he't minh va dat hieu qua eao.
Ben canh dd, he tho'ng cd che, chinh sach cin tie'p tuc doi mdi the chd', hoan thign hanh lang phap ly tfl Trung Udng dl^n dia phfldng nhim tao mdi trfldng
thuan ldi phat trien nguon nhan Ifle, khuyen khich phat trien thi trUdng ngudn nhan lUc chit Ifldng cao d cac tang, bac, vung miin, khdng chi tap trung d thanh phd' Idn hay nhflng ndi cd diiu Men phat trien. Vi thflc te, nhieu hpc vien ed kiin thfle ky nang nhflng lai khdng lam dflng nganh nghe, khdng vl nhiing vung sau, vung xa ma chi thich d lai thanh phd' Idn mac dfl cdng viec khdng dung nganh hoac thu nhap khdng dn dinh.
Tang cfldng sfl hdp tac hieu qua gifla Nha nfldc, doanh ngMep va eae trUdng dai hpc edng nghe de thflc day sfl phat trien nghe edng tac xa hpi flng dung khoa hpc cdng nghe thdng tin tfl luu gifl ho sd den giao due truyen thdng hay he thd'ng quan ly cung cip dieh vu. Ben canh do, cac nha lanh dao, quan ly trong he thd'ng cung cip dich vu cdng tac xa hdi vdi ngfldi nghien ma tfly can manh dan sfl dung ngudn nhan luc tre cha't lUdng cao; ldi cud'n, thu hut hp vao nhflng cdng viec eu the va ddng vien hp nd Iflc pha'n da'u van dung nhflng Men thflc, chuyen mdn vl edng tac xa hdi trong dieu tri ngMen ma tfly da dfldc tich luy, dUde dao tao tai eac trUdng hay cac khda tap hua'n thdng qua nhflng chinh sach sfl dung hdp ly.
Thd ba, diy manh va doi mdi can ban, toan diin, dong bd giio due - dao tao, xay dung chuong trinh dao tao cdng tic xa hgi vdi ngUdi sd dung ma tuy phit hdp trong tinh idnh mdi.
Cin nhanh chdng hoan tMen he thd'ng giao due theo hfldng md, hdi nhap, thflc day phan tang, phan luong, td chflc, sip xep lai he thd'ng giao due dao tao vl nghl dieu tri nghien ma tfly, dac biet la nghe edng tac xa
sd 7-2019 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI Q
hdi vdi linh vflc dieu tri cai nghien ma tfly.
Cu the, xay dflng chfldng trinh, ndi dung dao tao dai hpe theo hfldng tinh gian. Men dai, thie't thUc va phfl hdp, "chuyen manh qua trinh giae due chu ye'u tfl trang bi Men thflc sang phat trien toan dien nang Ifle va phim chat ngfldi hoc, hpe di ddi vdi hanh, ly Man gin lien vdi thue tien. Phat trien giao due va dao tao phai gin vdi nhu cau phat trien Mnh te - xa hdi, xay dflng va bao ve To quo'c, vdi tie'n bd khoa hpc - cdng nghe, yeu cau phat trien nguon nhan lUc va thi trudng lao ddng"'^'.
Tie'p tuc thUc hien va hoan thanh viec thUe hanh phai dfla tren bing ehflng, xay dflng cd sd thflc hanh trong eae trUdng Dao tao ve linh vUc dieu tri nghien ma tfly va ke't ndi vdi cd sd thUe hanh tai ed sd.
Viet Nam da thuc Men cac boat ddng, eae chUdng trinh cd sU cam ket tdng the, tao diiu Men chuyen giao, cam ket trong viec trien khai va thuc hien cac boat dpng cung cap dich vu dieu tri ngMen. Hpc ly thuyet phai di ddi vdi thuc hanh, thUc tap. Cd sd thflc hanh ein dflpc xay dung hdp phap tai cac Trfldng Dai hpc, Cao dang cd dao tao ve edng tac xa hdi va cd sfl gin ket chat che vdi cd sd dieu tri nghien raa tuy. Day la ye'u to' quan trpng thuc day sfl phat trien chat Ifldng dpi ngu lam nghe cung ca'p dich vu dieu tri nghien ma tuy.
xay dung chfldng trinh dao tao efl nhan, sau dai hpe hay dao tao chuyen sau cd sU tham gia eua cae chuyen gia. Xay dung va chuin hda tai lieu hpc tap lien quan den diiu tri ngMen ma tuy, tai lieu tap huan va dao tao dai han. Hdn nfla, cin phan bd ngudn Iflc dl phat trien chfldng trinh tap huan vl dich vu cdng tac xa hdi ddi vdi
ngudi ngMen ma tuy. Xay dUng cac khda tap huan ve dieu tri nghien ma tuy.
Phat trien ngudn nhan Iflc dfla trSn cd sd xay dflng he thd'ng tich hdp cac ca'u phan, hai hda eae ye'u td' ben trong va ben ngoai, nghia la khdng chi dao tao giao due rieng rapt ca nhan raa can giao due, dao tao ea he thd'ng ngudn nhan lUe. Ddng thdi, thanh Mp va rad rpng cac cd sd eung ca'p dich vu cd cd cau td chflc phu hdp thed quy trinh tdng the va chuyen sau, ke't nd'i he thd'ng chinh thd'ng va khdng ehinh thong. Chang ban; Nhflng ngudi chUa cd Men thflc, ky nang chuyen mdn ma Mm viec chi dfla tren kinh nghiem thi khdng nhat thie't phai chuyen trach sau ve mat chuyen mdn ma cd sU tich hdp, g i n ke't vdi nhflng ngfldi cd ehuyen mdn, nghidp vu cao. Viet Nam da thUe Men md hinh
"Cai nghien b i t budc" dan d i n ehuyen sang cai nghien tU nguyen dUa vao edng dong va hien nay dang thue hi§n sU tich hpp, long ghep gifla cai nghi§n b i t budc ddi vdi nhflng ddi tfldng cd tien an, tiln sfl vdi cai nghien tu nguyen tai trung tam. Day la Id trinh cin cd thdi gian va cac ye'u td ho trd ddi da tfl ca nhan, gia dinh va cdng dong.
Phat trien nguon nhan Mc cung cap dich vu edng tac xa hpi trong linh vUc dieu tri cai ngMen ma tfly thdng qua hoat ddng hpp tae qud'e te vl giao due - dao tao, tao mdi trudng va dieu Men thuan Ipi de thu hflt nhan Mc cd tai nang va kinh ngMem
'" Van kien Hgi nghi Ign tbU nam Ban Cha'p hanh Trung uang khoa XII, Van phong Trung uong D^ng, Ha Nm, 2017.
Q]
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOIsfi 7-2019
LE THI THUY trdng nfldc va qud'e t i , thudng xuyen boi
dudng nhan tai thong qua hpc tap, tu dudng d nude ngoai. Thfle hi§n ket hdp gifla cMnh sach hd trd tfl ngan saeh nha nudc vdi huy ddng cac ngudn Iflc xa hpi nham dao tao ngudn nhan Iflc cung cap dich vu cdng tae xa hpi vdi ngfldi ngMen raa tuy.
xay dflng mdi quan he hdp tac ben vflng gifla cac trfldng Cao dang, dai hpc dao tao vdi cac td chflc phi chinh phu (NGOs) cd lien quan den cdng tac xa hpi va diiu tri nghien ma tfly, cd sfl gin ket gifla cac linh vflc tam ly, y te va xa hdi.
Thflc t i khdng chi cd mpt cdng cu duy nha't trdng dad tad v l nguon nhan Ifle dieu tri nghien ma tfly. Hien nay cd sfl thay ddi da dang va phflc tap eac loai chit gay nghien, dac biet vin d l lidn quan Idn nha't dl^n sfle khde cua ngfldi dan Viet Nam la rfldu, bia va chat gay nghien thi viec diiu tri khdng ddn gian.
Hdn nfla, khdng phai ai sfl dung raa tuy cflng bao cao, vi vay cin tim ra phfldng phap tie'p can td't, tie'p can ngfldi sfl dung ma tuy qua nhflng ngfldi cd lien quan.
Chung ta can khuyen khich giang vien giang day tot vao viec danh gia Mm sang, xac dinh van de nghien ma tfly va len ke hoach dieu tri. Dpi ngu giang vien xuat phat tfl cac nganh nhfl Cdng tac xa hpi, Tam ly, Y hpc va Dich te hpc, Diiu dfldng... C i n gin ly thuye't vdi thflc tien dieu tri nghien ma tfly, dao tao ben vflng tai cac trudng Dai hpe, ket hdp gifla y hpc va xa hpi.
Ket luan
Xay dflng va phat trien ngudn nhan Iflc cung cip dich vu cdng tac xa hpi vdi
ngfldi nghien ma tuy doi mat vdi nhiiu thach thflc, phflc tap, can ed chie'n lUdc tdng the, dai han va sfl cd' gang quye't tam cao cua Nha nfldc va nhan dan. Sfl thanh cdng hay that bai, tan dung td't thdi cd, van hpi hay vflpt qua nguy cd, thach thflc d nude ta hien nay phu thudc vao phUdng thflc khai thae ngudn Iflc con ngfldi, phu thupc vao viec sfl dung ngudn Ifle va ehe' dp thu hut loi cud'n ngudn luc, nhat la viec xay dung, phat trien ngudn nhan lUc cha't lUpng cao trong bdi canh xa hdi phat trien nhu ngay nay.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Bfli Dinh Thanh (2004), Xa hdi hgc va Chinh sich xa hdi, Nxb. Khoa hpc xa hdi, Ha Ndi.
2. Vd Khanh Vinh (2016), Bai giang ve
"Nhflng vin de cap bach eua khoa hpc xa hpi nUdc ta Men nay".
3. http://luanvanaz.com/dinh-nghia-va- nguyen-tae -cua -dich-vu .html
4. Van kien Hpi nghi lin thd nam Ban Cha'p hanh Trung Udng khda XII, Van phdng Trung Udng Dang, Ha Ndi, 2017.
5. Van kiin Dai hdi dai biiu toan qudc lin thd XII, Van phdng Trung Udng Dang, Ha Ndi, 2016.
6. http://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/Ho me/Nghiencuu-Traodoi/2018/50924/Phat- trien-nguon-nha n-luc-chat-luong-eao -o- nuoe-ta-truoe.aspx
7. https://baoquocte.vn/khai-mac-hoi- ngM-cap-bo-truong-asean-lan-thu-6-ve- ma-tuy-79829.html
8. http: Thdi bao tai chinh Viet Nam.
$67-2019 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI Q ]
