NGHIEN Cl/U - TRAO DOI
KHUNG HOANG NGf CONG d
C H A U A U U A B A IHOC KINH NGHIEM OE
N G A N NGCTAKHUNG
H O A N GNO CONG TAI UIET NAM
• TS. NGUYEN KIM CHUNG (*)
• ThS. TRAN VIET HUNG (**) TOM TAT
Huy dong vdsir dung hieu qud ngudn vdn cho ddu tuphdt trien kinh te la rdt cdn thiet, na cong la mpt hien tuang binh thudng cua nen kinh te. Tuy nhien, na cdng vd khung hpdng na cdng dnh huang rdt Idn den sire khde nen kinh te, khien cho nen kinh te rai vdo khung hodng, cham phuc hdi; Cdc bien phdp de khac phuc khiing hodng no cdng lgi dnh huong lan den ddi sdng ciia nguai ddn trong nuac.
Khung hodng na cdng Chau Au dien ra tit ndm 2009 da hudng den kinh te todn cdu, trpng dd cd Viet Nam Hien nay no cong cua Viet Nam dang a ngudng an todn, nhung hieu qud qudn ly vd sir dung na cdng cdn rdt nhieu bdt cap. Bdi viet ndy, tdc gid chu yeu sir dung phuang phdp nghien cim dinh tinh:
Phdn tich ly thuyet na cdng vd khiing hodng na cdng; Phuang phdp nghien ciru dinh luang, tdc gid su dung ngudn sd lieu thic cdp cd tinh ke thira vd sd lieu cua cdc td chuc kinh te - tdi chinh trong vd ngodi nude de lam casdphdn tich. ddnh gid. Tdm tdt dien hien na cdng ciia Hy Lap, Ireland vd Bd Ddo Nha;
qua dd tdng ket hdu qud cua khiing hodng na cdng a Chau Au vd tdc ddng cua khung hodng ndy den kinh te Viet Nam. Cudi citng tdc gid dua ra mot so bdi hpc kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam, nhdm ngdn ngira khung hodng na cdng dd Id: (I) Phdt triin ndi luc nin kinh ti, (2) Thay ddi ca cdu na cdng, (3) Kiim sodt muc an todn ciia na cdng, (4) Tdi ca cdu nen kinh te, (5) Tdng cudng qudn ly, gidm sat na cdng, (6) Ndng cao hieu qud ddu tu cdng...
Tit- khoa: Na cdng. khiing hodng na cdng, na cdng Chau Au.
SUMMARY
Mobilization and efficient use of investment capital for economic development is essential, public debt is a normal phenomenon of economy. However, public debt and debt crisis have greatly affected the health of economy making the economy fall into recession, slow recovery; Measures to overcome the public debt crisis greatly affect the lives of people in the country. European debt crisis took place in 2009, affecting the global economy including Vietnam. Currently Vietnam's public debt levels are safe, but effective management and use of public debt still have many shortcomings. In this article, the authors primarily used qualitative research methods: theoretical analysis of public debt and debt crisis;
Quantitative research methods, the author used secondary data sources and legacy data of the domestic and foreign economic - finance organizations as the basis for analysis and evaluation. Development abstract of public debts of Greece, Ireland and Portugal, which summarizes the consequences of the
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NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI
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debt crisis in Europe and the impact of the economic crisis to Vietnam. Finally, the authors offered some lessons for Vietnam to prevent the public debt crisis, they are: (I) Develaping internal respurces of economy, (2) Changing the structure of the public debt, (3) Controlling the safety level of the public debt, (4) Restructuring the economy, (5) Enhancing the management and supervision of the public debt, (6) Improving the efficiency of public investment...
Key words: Public debt. Public debt crisis, Eurppean public debt
l.Cvsdlythuyetvaphiiwngphap nghien cuu Cac nhan td anh hudng ddn ng cdng dugc 1.1. Khai niem vl ng cdng nhieu nha nghien eiiu chft y den bao gdm: (1) Theo World Bank: "Ng cdng la nghia vu ng Su thay ddi eua ty gia hdi doai; (2) Tinh trang cua khu vuc cdng bao gdm ng cua khu vuc eua can ddi Ngan sach Nha nude (NSNN); (3) cdng va cua cae the che dpc lap, trong trudng Tinh binh lam phat cua nen kinh te; (4) Sir bien hgp vd ng thi Nha nude phai tra thay". Luat dgng cua lai suat hong nen kinh tl; (5) Kha Quan ly ng cdng Viet Nam eho rang: "Ng cdng nang quan ly ng cua Chinh phft va (6) Nhung bao gdm ng cua Chinh phu, ng dugc Chinh rui ro ve kinh te, chinh tri, xa hdi cua qudc gia.
phu bao lanh va ng ehinh quyin dia phuong". 1.2. Khai niem ve khung hoang ng cdng Tdng hgp nghien cftu, tac gia rut ra khai niem Khiing hoang ng cdng dugc hieu la tinh hang ng cdng: "Ng edng la tdng gia tri cac khoan
tien ma Chinh phu thudc mgi cip tft trung ugng din dia phugng di vay, nhim tai hg cho cac khoan tham hut ngan sach hoac eae mue tieu cua qudc gia".
mdt qudc gia mat Idia nang hoan tra ng vay (bao gdm ca gde va lai), phai de nghi thuong thao lai ve cae thda thuan vay ng, hoan tra lai va vdn gde. Theo quan diem eiia IMF: "Mdt qude gia dugc xem la lam vao khiing hoang ng De danh gia ng edng, eae td chuc quan khi nd bi cac cdng ty xep hang tin nhiem xep ly kinh te - tai ehinh Viet Nam va cac nude vao hang khdng the chi tra hoac nhan dugc thudng dftng eae chi tieu: (1) Tdng ng edng/ mdt khoan cho vay Idn, vugt qua 100% han GDPvaNgnudengoai/GDP, (2)Ngedng/Thu mftc an dinh trudc tu IMF"; Nhu vay quan ngan sach va Ng nude nggai/Kim ngach xuat diem cua IMF bao gdm nhirng trudng hgp gan khiu, (3) Nghia vu hoan tra ng cdng hang nam khung hoang, tuc la khdng cd kha nang chi tra so vdi GDP va thu ngan sach, (4) Nghia vu nhftng van nhd IMF de tra dugc ng.
ha ng nude nggai cua cac qudc gia so vdi kim Dua hen ddng nhat thftc ciia can can thanh ngach xuit khiu, (5) Du trft ngoai hdi so vdi toan Jaime de Pme da sft dung md hinh ddng ng nude ngoai ngin ban, (6) Nghia vu ng du ve ng de du doan sd ng tren xuat khau; Nguyen phdng/Thu ngan sach. Ngoai ra de danh gia co tae co ban cua bien ddng ng da dugc neu ra va ciu ng cdng, thudng dimg cac chi tieu: (1) Ng dugc xac dinh bdi bdi 4 chi so: (1) Chi sd lai ngin han/Tdng ng, (2) Ng nude ngoai/Tdng suat tren tang tnrdng xuat khau, (2) Chi sd tang ng, (3) Ng dugc Chinh phu bag lanh/Tdng ng. trudng nhap khau hen tang trudng xuit khiu,
:K'*?
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NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI
(3) Chi sd ng gde tren xuit khiu va (4) Chi sd nhap khau hen xuit khiu. Md hmh nhan manh din ban chi nhap khiu qua muc, nghia la cd su chenh lech gifta nhap khiu thue te va nhap khiu cho phep. Nhap khiu eho phep la khdi lugng nhap khiu tdi da ma van cho phep chi sd ng tren xuit khau giam, md hinh Jaime de Pine dua ra nhu sau:
d = a' .d^ + v^.b.
(b' - a ' ) (b-a)
( i - a ' ) ( i - a ) Trong dd:
D,
i = : Chi sd ng tren xuat khau va Xj chuyen giao rdng ( l + i . )
- = : Chi sd giua lai suit hen tang (1 + gX|) trudng xuat khau va ehuyen
giao rdng.
(1+gm,)
b = : Chi sd giua tang tnrdng nhap (1 + gXj) khau hen tang trudng xuit
khau va chuyin giao rdng.
M^
V^ = : Chi sd nhap khau tren xuat khau X^ va chuyen giao rdng.
1.3. Phugng phap nghien cftu
Nghien cuu chu yeu ap dung phuang phap Bang xep hang nq cong mdt s6
nghien cftu dinh tinh: Phan tich ly thuyet ve ng cdng va khiing hoang ng cdng. Nghien ciiu dinh lugng: Sft dung ngudn dir lieu thft cap do tae gia cd ke thua mot sd nghien cftu trudc day, sd lieu cong khai hang nam vl bao cao cua cac djnh ehl tai chinh, sd lieu thdng ke eua World Bank (WB), To chftc Quy Tiln te thi gidi (IMF: International Money Funds), Cue Thdng ke, Bd Tai chinh va tinh toan ciia tac gia dl lam co sd phan tich, danh gia.
2. Nghien ciiu khung hoang ngf cong & ChSu Au giai doan 2008-2011
Khung hoang ng cdng ChSu An xuit phat tft Hy Lap sau dd lan sang cac nude Ireland, Bd Dao Nha, Tay Ban Nha... Hien nay cuoc khung hoang ng cdng van chua dung lai va da dat Eurozone ndi rieng ciing nhu Chau Au noi chung trudc nhung thach thftc nghiem trgng, tac gia tdm tit mdt sd diln bien khung hoang ng edng eiia Hy Lap, heland va Bd Dao Nha.
2.1. Khung hoang ng edng d Hy Lap La qudc gia cd nin van hda lau ddi, trudc khi lam vao khiing hoang ng cdng, nen kinh te Hy Lap phat trien rat manh me. Den nam 2009, Hy Lap bi khung hoang kinh tl, tdng so ng cdng len tdi 300 ty EUR, chilm ty le 129%/
GDP, la nude cd ty le ng cdng cao nhat Chau Au so vdi quy md cua nen kinh tl. Thang 11/2009, quoc gia tren tbe giiti nSm 2010:
ThIJr baog 2 4 8 9 12 13 16 17
Quoc gia Japan Greece Italy Sigapore Ireland Portugal Germany France
N? cSng/GDP (%) 197,5 142.S I!9,l 105,8 96,7 93,0 83,2 82,4
Thir h g n g 19 21 26 31 32 35 41 44
Q u o c gia Hungary Egyp Austna Netherlands United States Spain Vietnam Philippines
N(jfc6ng/GDP{%) 8 0 ^ 79,9 71,0 62,6 62,3 60,1 57,1 55,4
(Nguon- World Bank)
NGHIEN c u u - T R \ 0 DOI * . -jr.'*j«?<**,' Bd tnrdng Bd Tai chinh Hy Lap bao cao tham
hut tai chinh nam 2009 la 12,7%/GDP, tang gap 2 lan so vdi nam 2008 (6%) va cao gip 4 lan so vdi mftc cho phep eua Eurozone (3%).
Tam ly eua ngudi dan vl khung hoang ng gia tang nhanh, din thang 5/2010 nlu Hy Lap khdng nhan bit ky khoan vien h g nao thi ed le hg se khdng ed each nao ddi phd vdi khoan ng 20 ty EUR sap dao ban, cac nha diu tu bit diu ban thao trai philu Hy Lap, Chmh phii khdng phat hanh dugc hai phieu de khic phuc ng, lam khung hoang ng cdng Hy Lap bimg nd.
Thang 01/2012, Hy Lap tieu thu nhilu hon 17% muc thu nhap qudc gia cua mmh, tham hut can can thanh toan la 24 ty EUR, chiem 10%/GDP. De giai quyet khiing hoang ng cdng, Hy Lap phat hanh trai phieu 10 nam, bat bude phai giam gia ea va luong xudng 20-30%, thue GTGT tang tft 19-21%, cat giam Iftong thang 13, cat giam tien thudng eho ngudi lao dgng ngay nghi le, tien luong cdng nhan vien chftc khdng dugc tang, cat giam ngan sach cho qudc phdng va an sinh xa hdi, tudi huu cua ngudi lao ddng dugc nang len 65 ddi vdi nam va 60 ddi vdi nu, cat giam h g cap huu tri, ke hoach nam 2014 Hy Lap se giam tham hut ngan sach xudng mftc 3%/GDP.
2.2. Khung hoang ng cdng d Ireland Tft nam 2007 trd ve trudc, nen kinh tl Ireland da cd 15 nam phat triin manh me, trong dd manh nhit la nganh bit ddng san.
Nam 2000, ty le tang trudng GDP la 10%, ty le thit nghiep thip nhit tren thi gidi. Tft khi suy thoai kinh tl toan ciu nd ra, nen kinh te Ireland bi suy giam nhanh chdng, nam 2006 tham hut ngan sach Chinh phu Ireland la 2,9% va tang
len 32,4% vao nam 2010. Trong thdi gian nay, khiing hoang ng cdng cua Ireland gia tang nhanh chdng, nguyen nhan la do hanh vi cho vay thilu hach nhiem cua ngan hang va Chinh phu khdng kip thdi khdng che vao khu vuc tu nhan. Cae ngan hang Ireland da manh tay cho vay trong thdi ky bong bdng bat ddng san dang phinh to. Den nam 2008, kinh te toan eau bi suy thoai, thi trudng bat ddng san bi ddng bang, eac khoan vay bat dgng san trd thanh ng xau, he thdng ngan hang ddi mat vdi nguy ea sup dd; Chinh phii myen bd bao lanh eho ngan hang, cac khoan ng tft tu nhan trd thanh ganh nang ebg NSNN. Nam 2012, Ireland thuc hien chinh sach that chat tai chinh, hy vgng se phuc hdi nen kinh te, tuy nhien Idng tin eua ngudi dan vao Chinh phii dii giam di rat nhieu, eae nha dau tu da ban thao trai phieu Chinh phu, Ireland khdng cd dugc ngudn thu tu ban trai phieu de khiic phuc hau qua ng cdng.
2.3. Khung hoang ng edng d Bd Dao Nha La nude ed nen kinh te va sue canh tranh yeu cua Chau Au, tang trudng kinh tl thip, nhung lai la nude ehi tra phiic lgi eho ngudi dan eao, tuong duong vdi nhftng nude Chau Au cd mftc tang trudng cao. Khiing hoang ng cdng cua Bd Dao Nha xuat phat tir ng eiia khu vuc tu nhan, cu the la cac ngan hang va cac dganh nghiep Bd Dao Nha. Nam 2010, ng cdng eua Bd Dao Nha bing 86% GDP, tham hut NSNN khoang 7,3% GDP. Tuy nhien neu edng ludn ca eac khoan ng cua tu nhan, ng cua Bo Dao Nha se bang 2,5 lan so vdi GDP, eao ban ca Hy Lap, gay ap lue rit Idn cho ngan hang. Nam 2011, Bd Dao Nha cd khoan ng dao han 25,5 ty EUR eftng luc vdi cudc tdng tayen eft nen ap lire
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giai quylt ng cdng hd nen tram hgng ban. De giai quylt khung hoang ng cdng, Bd Dao Nha thue hien kl hoach th&t lung budc bung, cit giam chi tieu cdng, tang thu thue de giam tham hut ngan sach. Ke hoach giai quyet ng cdng gifta Chinh phu va Qude hgi khdng ddng nhat vdi nhau, Bd Dao Nha phai gd eua eac td chiie IMF va EU dl dua ra gdi cftu hg 78 ty EURO, trong dd IMF cho vay 26 ty EURO.
2.4. Hau qua eua khiing hoang ng cdng Chau Au
Khi ng cdng tang cao, vugt qua gidi ban an toan, nen kinh te bi tdn thuong, gay sue ep ca ben trong va ben ngoai, mdt sd hau qua cua khung hoang cd thi de lai nhu sau:
Thir nhdt, khiing hodng na cong dd 1dm gia tdng ty le that nghiep a cdc nude Chdu Au. Thang 10/2011 ty le that nghiep vung Eurozone la 10,3% vdi 16,3 hieu ngudi; trong do Tay Ban Nha ed ty le eao nhit la 22,8%. va Italia la 8,5%.
Thu hai khi khiing hodng na cdng xdy ra, Chinh phii thuc hien chinh sdch "that lung bupc bung"de gidm thdm hut ngdn sdch. Tuy nhien thuc Men ehinh sach nay da gap phan ddi cua ngudi dan, gay cang thing, bit dn chinh tri. Ngudi dan ngheo se bi cit giam phuc lgi ket hgp vdi su gia tang ciia ehinh sach thul da lam cho ddi sdng ngudi dan rit khd khan;
O Hy Lap nhilu cudc dinh edng da diln ra vdi hang chuc nghin ngudi tham gia, nhilu nhit la thu dd Athen.
Thic ba, khiing hodng kinh ti todn cdu vica xdy ra, cd ddu hieu phuc hdi, nay xdy rg khiing hodng nty cdng da ddy nin kinh te vdo khiing hodng kip. Viec Chinh phu cac nude da tung ra
cae gdi kich thich kmh tl tft vay ng, da lam gia tang ng cdng. Do vay, Chmh phu phai la ngudi cheo lai, giai quyet tham hut ngan sach nhung khdng day nen kinh t l hd lai tinh hang suy thoai, hong khi cac bien phap de giai quyet hai van de nay lai cd tac ddng khdng thuan chilu.
Thit tu, nty cdng tdng cao, nen kinh te se hi hg hgc tin nhiem, niem tin ciia nguai ddn hi lung lay, nen kinh te de tra thdnh mi^c tieu tdn cdng cua cdc the life ddu caquoc te. Nam 2010 td chftc xep hang tin dung Standard&Poor's ha bae hai phieu Chinh phu cua Athen, nha dau tu ban thao hai phieu nay va tu ehdi mua, Chinh phu rat khd huy ddng vdn tft phat hanh trai phieu, deu nay rat de lam eho nen kinh te cd nguy co khiing hoang ham hgng, khd khan, be tac.
Thic ndm, khiing hodng na cdng dnh hudng den chinh tri trong nu&c vd kinh te the gioi.
Cling vdi su gia tang cfta that nghiep, tham hut NSNN, giam ehi tieu cdng, sir mat gia eiia trai phieu Chinh phu... da lam giam sut nghiem trgng thu nhap tai chinh eae nude thanh vien Chau Au, nhilu chinh hi gia mit ghi, ehi pM khac phue tang cao, suy giam kinh tl khu vuc va anh hudng den tai ehinh - tiln te thi gidi.
3. Tac dong ciia khiing hoang no" cong Chau Au den Viet Nam
Thic nhdt: Xudt khdu cua Viet Nam bi gidm.
Khiing hoang ng cdng d Chau Au lam thu nhap thuc te va nhu cau tieu dimg cua ngudi dan giam manh. Theo sd lieu thdng ke cho thay khung hoang ng cdng d Chau Au cd anh hudng tieu cue den xuit khiu va tang trudng GDP cua Viet Nam, vdi muc suy giam khoang 1,7%/GDP nam 2010, cao thu ba chi sau Trung
TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP
NGHIEN c u u - T R . \ 0 DOI Qudc (2,8%) va Anh (1,9%).
Thii hai: Su chenh lech lai sudt ciia Viet Nam vd cdc nuac se bdt lai vi chi phi cgnh tranh cua cdc doanh nghiep. Dg tac ddng tieu cue hi khftng hoang ng cdng, ngan hang Trung uong eac nude phat hiln duy tri lai suit san thap nhim kich tiiich phue hdi kinh tl va chap nhan lam phat tuang ddi. Lai suit co ban tiem can 0% d eac nude: FED (My): 0,25%;
ECB (EU): 1%; BOE (Anh): 0,5%; Nhat Ban:
0,1%. O Viet Nam lai suat huy ddng va lai suit eho vay d mftc cao, cac doanh nghiep phai vay vdn lai suat 14-16%/nam ddi vdi vay ngin ban va khoang 14,5-17%/nam ddi vdi vay trung va dai han. Nam 2010 neu ty le lam phat la 10%/nam, doanh nghiep can phai dat ty suat lgi nhuan tren 24-27%/nam.
Thii- ba: Ddu tu trvcc tiep nuac ngodi (FDI) gidm. Khung hoang ng cdng Chau Au cd thi tao ra hai tac ddng trai chieu vdi ludng vdn FDI hen pham vi toan cau. NhiJng qudc gia ed trinh do phat hien tuong duong vdi eac nude thudc EU se hudng lgi do ngudn vdn FDI djch chuyen tft Chau Au sang cac qudc gia nay khi nha diu tu mudn tranh thul thu nhap doanh nghiep dang ed xu hudng tang cao tai cac qudc gia Chau Au. Nguge lai, nhftng nftdc cd h-inh do phat hien thip nhu Viet Nam lai hoan toan khdng dugc hudng lgi tii viec djch ehuyen ludng vdn FDI khdi Chau Au do su chenh lech qua Idn ve trinh do cdng nghe, trong khi ludng vdn hi eac nha diu tu Chau Au vao cac qudc gia nay giam sut do cudc khung hoang ng.
Thie tu: Nguy ca gia tdng rui ro tdi chinh.
Theo cac chuyen gia kinh te, eae nha dau tu thi gidi dang tim vang nhu la ngi tni an an
toan trudc nguy eg khiing hgang ng Chau Au lan rdng, lam eho gia vang hong thdi gian qua tang manh. Dieu nay phan anh nhu cau du tru an toan han tien giiy, nhieu td chuc va ca nhan Chau Au, Chau A dua nhau mua vang, bach kim, bac. Dieu nay se tac ddng xau din nha diu tu the gidi va Viet Nam khi vang chiem ty le Idn hong danh mue dau tu ciing cd nghTa la cae danh muc khac nhu cd phieu, trai phieu se bi giam manh, lam cho ludng vdn dau tu gian tiep cang trd nen ban che hon.
Thic ndm: Bdo hiem riii ro tin dung (CSD) tdng len. Khiing hoang ng cdng d Hy Lap lam cho nha dau tu the gidi trd nen than trgng ban, cac canh bao cho cudc khung hoang ng dd la:
(1) Ng qua nhilu, (2) Ty le ng tien GDP cao, (3) Chi tieu qua mftc, (4) Tham hut ngan sach Idn so vdi GDP, (5) Tdc do tang h^dng GDP sut giam. Ty le ng cao se la mdt can trd Idn hong thu hut cac ludng vdn diu tu true tilp, gian tiep va cho vay tft nude ngoai.
Thif sdu: Tgo nen nhimg hien dpng kho ludng ve ty gid. Khiing hoang ng cdng Chau Au tac dgng lam ddng USD va ddng JPY tang gia so vdi ddng EUR, ddng EUR mat gia tuong ddi tao nhimg rui ro trong viec vay, tra ng la ngoai te cho cac doanh nghiep xuat nhap khau cung nhu boat ddng thuang mai. Ngoai ra, ty gia ddng USD tang manh tiong khi tham hut thuong mai cua Viet Nam dang gia tang, cac thdi diem dao ban ng sap den se gia tang sftc ep nii ro hdi doai va bien ddng ty gia ndi chung.
4. Nhirng bai hoc kinh nghiem tir khiing hoang ng cong d Chau Au doi vol Vi|t Nam
4.1. Phat hien ndi luc nen kinh tl Mdt tiong nhiing nguyen nhan gay ra khung
M
NGHIEN cuu-TRAODOI
hoang ng la do phu thude qua nhieu vao ngudn vdn nude ngoai, do vay Viet Nam nen quan tam din phat hiln va tan dung ngudn luc hong nude. Phat hien ndi luc nen kmh te tiong dd chu y din tang ham lugng gia tri gia tang xuat khiu: (1) Md rdng thi trudng xuat khau, ban chi nhap khiu nhung mat hang khdng thiet ylu, khdng can thiet; (2) Trong khudn khd quy dinh cua WTO, Viet Nam can su dung cac bien phap hgp phap de kiem soat nhap khau va han ehe nhap sieu; (3) Thay ddi co cau xuat khau, giam ty trgng xuat khiu hang tho, tang ty tigng xuat khau hang cd cdng nghe cao, cd chat lugng cao va cd sftc canh ttanh manh.
4.2. Thay ddi eg ciu ng cdng
Theo hudng giam bdt ty le ng nude ngoai va tang them ty hgng ng tiong nude; Hge tap kinh nghiem md hinh va phuong phap quan ly ng cdng cua My va Nhat; Phat trien thi trudng hai phieu ed chat lugng eao bao gdm ca thi trudng sg cip va thi ti^dng thft cip.
4.3. Kiem soat ng edng d mftc an toan Xac dinh mftc ng cdng an toan, vi du: ty le ng edng/GDP hay ty le ng nude ngoai/GDP...
Qudc hdi can xac dinh muc gidi ban ng cdng hgp ly, neu qua thip se khdng dap iing dii ngudn vdn de phat tiien kinh te, nlu qua cao kha nang kinh tl Viet Nam khdng du kha nang chi tia, dan den khung hoang kinh tl.
4.4. Tang cudng the ehl quan ly va giam sat ng edng, hinh thanh co quan quan ly ng cdng thdng nhit
Tang cudng vai trd eua Qudc hdi trong viee giam sat ng edng, dam bao ng qudc gia ludn d muc an loan. Nang cao vai trd Luat Quan ly ng edng de xay dung mftc ng cdng
« -f^ 5;?-:-. . . r >,- -c-.s-r^
an toan va nang eao vai trd eua co quan chuc nang trong quan ly ng edng hgp ly.
4.5. Tai CO cau nen kinh te trung va dai han Trong dd can chu trgng 3 linh vuc dd la:
tai CO cau dau tu cdng; tai eg ciu he thdng DNNN va tai ca cau he thdng ngan hang theg hudng giam bdt ganh nang cua NSNN.
4.6. Nang cao vai trd cua he thdng kiem tra, giam sat tai chinh
Nang cao vai trd eua Kiem toan Nha nude la eo quan chuyen mdn ve Hnh vuc kiem tra tai chinh do Qudc hgi thanh lap, thuc hien kiem tra viec quan ly, sft dung ngan sach, tien va tai san cua Nha nude. Kiem loan Nha nude kiem tra viec quan ly va sir dung ng cdng la dieu can thiet, dam bao tinh minh bach trong quan ly va sft dung hieu qua cac khoan ng. Cin quy djnh ro nhiem vu kiem toan ng cdng trgng Luat Quan ly no cdng va Luat Kilm toan Nha nude. Chinh phu nen thanh lap mdt fty ban rieng biet dl kiem tra, giam sat ng cdng eua Viet Nam, vi hien nay vai trd nay thuge Bd Tai chinh, nhung viee quan ly cdn bat cap, cham tre, gay that thoat va thieu hieu qua trong sii dung va kiem soat ng cdng.
4.7. Quy dinh rd rang va tach bach giira ng eua Chinh phu, ng dugc Chinh phu bao lanh va ng cua doanh nghiep
Mdi loai ng cd dac thu khac nhau, do vay can phan biet dau la ng dugc Chmh phu bao lanh, dau la ng doanh nghiep... Dieu nay se ttanh dugc viec dim day hach nhiem gifta eac bg phan ed lien quan, xft ly qua loa, eudi cirng la sft dung NSNN dl giai quylt thiet hai.
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5. Ket luan
Ng cdng la mdt hien tugng binh thudng cfta mdt qudc gia, tuy nhien viin de quan tigng la thiet lap mdt he thdng quan ly an toan va su dung hieu qua ng cdng. Ng cdng tac ddng rat Idn den phat trien nen kinh te, neu sft dung hieu qua ngudn vdn nay se thue day kinh te phat trien, ngugc lai neu de xay ra khung hoang ng cdng se day nen kinh te vao suy thoai, tri tte va anh hudng Idn den ddi sdng ngudi dan ttong nude. Trong giai doan hgi nhap kinh te qudc te hien nay d Viet Nam, thu hut vdn diu tu hi nude ngoai de phat trien kinh te la rat can thiet. De quan ly tdt va cd hieu qua ng edng, Chinh phu va eae Bd, Nganh cin chft y xay dimg mdt he thdng tai chinh vung manh di kem vdi phat tiien kinh t l bin vftng, khdng de Viet Nam roi vao vdng xoay cua khung hoang ng edng.
Tai lieu tham khdo
[1]. Bd Tai chinh (201 l),5a«/;K no-njr(7c«goai, s6 7& {20\2), Bdn tin na nu&c ngodi, sd 1.
[2]. Duong Thi Binh Minh, Su Dinh Thanh (2009), Phuang phdp tiip can, ddnh gid hieu qud qudn ly na cdng. Tap chi Phat hiln Kinh tl, thang 9/2009.
[3]. Tran Binh Phugng {2013), Nghien cicu khdng hodng na cdng & Chdu Au, Luan van Thac si, DH Kinh tl, TRHCM.
[4]. www.imf.org (Quy Tien te Qude te) [5]. www.worldbaiik.org (WB-Ngan bang the gidi) Ngay nhSn: 19/9/2014
Ngay duyet dang: 25/12/2014
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